scholarly journals Demonstration of Subclinical Organ Damage to the Central Nervous System in Essential Hypertension

10.5772/38494 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Gonzlez-Quevedo ◽  
Sergio Gonzlez ◽  
Otman Fernndez ◽  
Rosaralis Santiesteban ◽  
Luis Quevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The Role of Noradrenaline and other Transmitter Hormones in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 427s-430s
Author(s):  
W. J. Louis ◽  
B. Jarrott ◽  
A. E. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Radioenzymatic Assay ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Serotonin Turnover ◽  
Mesenteric Vessels ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

1. Studies with a sensitive radioenzymatic assay for plasma noradrenaline suggest there is a selective overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in essential hypertension. 2. Serotonin turnover in the mesenteric vessels is approximately twice that of noradrenaline and it is suggested that serotonin may interact with noradrenaline to maintain vascular resistance. 3. Methodology which allows the study of local sympathetic turnover in nuclei of the central nervous system and in peripheral blood vessels is described. This approach has been used to study non-innervated sympathetic turnover observed in phaeochromocytoma.

Challenges in paediatric perfusion

Perfusion ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-293
Author(s):  
W J Brawn
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Heart Lesions

In the last 50 years cardiopulmonary bypass has evolved dramatically, so that even the most complex heart lesions can be repaired successfully. However, we are aware that whilst survival may be excellent, organ damage, even though minor, particularly to the central nervous system is common. The next challenge in paediatric perfusion is to reduce this damage to a minimum.

scholarly journals Listeriosis: the review of a problem, presentation of a clinical case of listeria sepsis in a 4-month child

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
L.P. Shostakovych-Koretskaya ◽  
I.V. Budayeva ◽  
M.A. Nikolaichuk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Problem Presentation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Progressive Course

Listeriosis is an infectious disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes microorganisms. A human can catch an infection through fecal-oral, aerogenous, or transplacental route. The listeriosis incidence in Ukraine is sporadic, single cases are not related to each other. Listeriosis is characterized by a high rate of mortality and polymorphism of clinical manifestations. The symptoms of the disease are multiple-organ: damage to the central nervous system, septic symptoms, aborts, mastitis; listeriosis can also be subclinical. The disorders of the central nervous system are associated with meningitis, meningoencephalitis, or brain abscess. The importance of the problem of diagnosis and treatment of listeriosis derived from the disease sporadicity, polymorphism of its manifestations, difficulties in etiological verification of the diagnosis. The case described is specific due to the diagnostic mistake: a child was not diagnosed with sepsis. Listeriosis in this child had a progressive course with sepsis development. Listeriosis is a rare infection, therefore it was difficult to suggest this particular infection intra vitam.

scholarly journals A hemicyanine based ratiometric fluorescence probe for mapping lysosomal pH during heat stroke in living cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (44) ◽  
pp. 5518-5521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luling Wu ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Tony D. James ◽  
Nengqin Jia ◽  
Chusen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fluorescence Probe ◽  
Heat Stroke ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Ratiometric Fluorescence ◽  
Lysosomal Ph ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Heat stroke is a lethal condition which can cause dysfunction in the central nervous system, multi-organ damage and even death.

scholarly journals Upregulation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-Ouabain System in the Brain Is the Core Mechanism in the Genesis of All Types of Hypertension

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakuo Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Renal Nerve ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Excess Sodium ◽  
The Brain

Basic research using animal models points to a causal role of the central nervous system in essential hypertension; however, since clinical research is technically difficult to perform, this connection has not been confirmed in humans. Recently, renal nerve ablation in humans proved to continuously decrease blood pressure in resistant hypertension. Furthermore, when electrical stimulation was continuously applied to the carotid baroreceptor nerve of human adults, their blood pressure lowered. These findings promoted the concept that the central nervous system may actually be involved in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, which is closely associated with excess sodium intake. We have demonstrated that endogenous digitalis plays a key role in hypertension associated with excess sodium intake via sympathetic activation in rats. Increased sodium concentration inside the brain activates epithelial sodium channels and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the brain. Aldosterone releases ouabain from neurons in the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus. Angiotensin II and aldosterone of peripheral origin reach the brain to augment sympathetic outflow. Collectively essential hypertension associated with excess sodium intake and obesity, renovascular hypertension, and primary aldosteronism and pseudoaldosteronism all seem to have a common cause originating from the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Ketonemia and Development of the Fetal Central Nervous System

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Bronisz ◽  
Mateusz Ozorowski ◽  
Magdalena Hagner-Derengowska
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Damage Development ◽  
Current Recommendation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Glucose is the major source of energy for the human brain which in turn uses ketone bodies as a supplement for energy deficit in glucose cell deficiency conditions. Pregnancy complicated by gestational diabetes is a condition associated with significantly increased risk of ketonemia development. The data available proves a changing influence of ketones on the central nervous system during fetal life and in adults as well. Ketone bodies freely pass through the placenta. They can affect fetal growth and organ damage development, especially the central nervous system. As agreed in the current recommendation of the diabetes associations, it is not obligatory for the attending doctor to conduct a routine inspection of ketone bodies during diabetes treatment in pregnancy. This article is a literature review of ketones’ effect on the central nervous system and an attempt to initiate discussion whether we should consider including ketonemia assessment into the standard care package for pregnant women with diabetes and begin some research on the explanation of its influence on fetal development.

Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Gladys Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Oxygen Effects ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Space Age ◽  
Alveolar Septa ◽  
Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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