scholarly journals Diversity of Microorganisms Hosted by the Albanian Medicinal Plants and the Antimicrobial Effect of the Chemical Compounds Extracted by Them

10.5772/38452 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Troja ◽  
N. Dalanaj ◽  
R. Ceci ◽  
R. Troja ◽  
V. Toska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants and Its Pharmacological Values

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita G. Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Important Chemical

Plants have been used as a source of medicine for the treatment of different diseases from thousands of years ago. There is numerous evidences are available for use of plants as a medicine in the treatment of diseases in Indian, Egyptian, Chinese, Greek and Roman system of medicine. Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources, mainly from plants which may further lead to development of new drug. The exploration, extraction and screening of biological diversity such as herbs, spices, microbes and other natural resources is the worldwide activity in recent years. Phytochemicals are the naturally available bioactive compounds which are derived from different plant parts and are primarily responsible for biological activities. The most important chemical compounds which are present in the plants are alkaloids, phenols, saponins, carbohydrates, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids and tannins etc.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, in vitro Cytotoxic, and Antibacterial Activities of Moroccan Medicinal Plants Euphorbia resinifera and Marrubium vulgare

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 7343-7355
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Solid Medium ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
Major Chemical

The purpose of our study was to bring elements of knowledge on the anticancer and antibacterial effects of two plants, widely used in Moroccan traditional pharmacopeia. These plants are: Marrubium vulgare and Euphorbia resinifera. The aerial parts of each plant were extracted successively with Hexane, Dichloromethane, and finally with methanol. The MTT-based method was applied to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the cancer cells: animal cells BSR and Vero and human cell RD. We evidenced an anticancer activity of the extract of the Marrubium vulgare and the dichloromethane extract of Euphorbia resinifera against the studied cells. The antibacterial activity was evaluated for three species of Rhodococcus: Rhodococcus equi, and strains GK1, GK3, grown in a liquid medium, or this medium solidified with agar. In the last test, the method is based on substance diffusion from well throughout the solid medium. The obtained profiles showed that the growth of bacteria is strongly inhibited by the extracts of Marrubium vulgare. However, the extracts of Euphorbia resinifera had no significant effect on bacterial growth. The chemical analysis of the raw extracts of Marrubium vulgare and Euphorbia resinifera by GC-MS analysis showed the presence of several major chemical compounds, mainly: octadecane, 2,6,10,15-tetramethylheptadecane, 2,6,10-trimethyltetradecane, linoleic acid, and deisopropylatrazine. Our observations an encouraging for deepening the studies of the extracts, in order to target better the active molecules, isolate them and to determine their mechanisms of action. The suggested studies would result in the much better valorization of these two medicinal plants.

In vitro antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical screening of some Samburu Anti‐diarrhoeal medicinal plants ‐ Kenya

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
E. O. Omwenga ◽  
P. O. Okemo ◽  
P. K. Mbugua
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Local Isolate ◽  
Agar Disc

The antimicrobial effect of some selected Samburu medicinal plants was evaluated on bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus ‐ ATCC 20591, Bacillus subtillis ‐ Local isolate, Salmonella typhi‐ATCC 2202, Escherichia coli‐STD. 25922 and Pseudomonas aeroginosa ‐ ATCC 25852 and fungal strains like Candida albicans ATCC EK138, Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404, Aspergillusflavus‐Local isolate, Fusarium lateritium‐Local isolate, and Penicillium spp.‐ local isolate. Methanol was used as solvent for the extraction from the selected medicinal plants used by the Samburu community. The in vitro antimicrobial activity was performed by agar disc diffusion and micro‐dilution technique. The most susceptible Gram‐positive bacterium was S. aureus, while the most susceptible Gram‐negative bacterium was P. aeroginosa. The extracts of Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L) W.T. Aiton showed less activity against the bacterial strains investigated. The most active antibacterial plants were Euphorbia scarlatica S. Carter, and Euclea divinoram Hiern. Incidentally most of the extracts were inactive against the fungal strains with only a few proving to be slightly active against the C. albicans i.e. Loranthus acaciae Zucc., Kedrostis pseudogijef (Gilg) C. Jeffrey, Euclea divinoram Hiern. and Croton macrostachyus (A. Rich). Benths. The significant antimicrobial activity of active extracts was compared with the standard antimicrobials, cefrodoxima, amoxicillin and fluconazole. The MICs of the most active plants ranged from 18.75mg/ml to 37.50mg/ml. The MBCs ranged between 18.75mg/ml to75mg/ml. These results were significant at P< 0.01. The findings show that most of the medicinal plants used by the Samburu community have some significant activity on the bacterial but not fungal pathogens known to cause diarrhoea.

scholarly journals Schinus terebinthifolius (Anacardiaceae) essential oil for minas frescal cheese preservation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e1619119760
Author(s):  
Valquíria de Fátima Simões ◽  
Kátia Castilho de Oliveira ◽  
Wanessa de Campos Bortolucci ◽  
José Eduardo Gonçalves ◽  
Maria Graciela Iecher Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Schinus Terebinthifolius ◽  
Plant Essential Oils ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Pepper Fruit ◽  
The Impact

Microorganism control in food has been a challenge due to the legislation restrictions of each country and the increase in the demand for food without chemical preservatives. Plant essential oils have antimicrobial action and are promising for the use in the food industry. Our study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and the antimicrobial effect of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi fruit essential oil on minas frescal cheese. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and the chemical compounds were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The major identified compounds were hydrocarbon monoterpenes (57.0%), mainly: α-pinene (22.2%), limonene (17.0%), carvone (10.2%) and β-phellandrene (7.9%). The cheese was produced, the main microorganisms were isolated, and the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined through broth microdilution test.  The cheese samples were soaked. The pink pepper fruit essential oil was added to the cheese samples at the concentration of 20000 μL/mL superficially or to the micelle. S. terebinthifolius fruit essential oil was efficient to control minas frescal cheese microorganisms mainly when applied by superficial addition. The essential oil is a potential source of studies to develop applications for the control of microorganisms in cheese such as minas frescal. Further studies may exploit the impact of the essential oil in minas frescal cheese acceptability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of three important medicinal plants of South India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3484
Author(s):  
Gopalakrishnaiah B. ◽  
Aniel Kumar O.
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
The World

India is found to be a country with rich biodiversity and enormous treasure of herbal plants and consequently called as medicinal garden of the world. Plants are the richest source of natural antimicrobial agents. In recent years drug resistance to human pathogenic bacteria has been commonly reported from all over the world. Therefore, there is a need to develop alternative antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases; one approach is to screen local medicinal plants for possible antimicrobial properties. The present study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of hexane, chloroform and methanol crude extracts of the leaves of three important medicinal plants viz., Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC, Bougainvillea spectabilis L. and Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Fleming, collected from in and around Visakhapatnam District. The antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts was tested against three Gram Positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Enterococcus faecalis MTCC 439, Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 737), Three Gram Negative bacteria (Escherichia coli MTCC 443, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 426 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 1688) and three Fungal strains (Candida albicans MTCC 227, Epidermophyton floccosum MTCC 613 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes MTCC 7687) using agar well diffusion assay. Our results demonstrated that methanol extracts of these plants leaves have concentration dependent antibacterial activity against some of the tested organisms. Further studies should be undertaken to elucidate the exact mechanism of action of antimicrobial effect to identify the active ingredients which can be used for drug development program.

scholarly journals Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Brief Review of Conventional Therapy and Herbal Treatment Options

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucija Kuna ◽  
Jelena Jakab ◽  
Robert Smolic ◽  
Nikola Raguz-Lucic ◽  
Aleksandar Vcev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
H2 Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Major Factors

Peptic ulcer is a chronic disease affecting up to 10% of the world’s population. The formation of peptic ulcers depends on the presence of gastric juice pH and the decrease in mucosal defenses. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are the two major factors disrupting the mucosal resistance to injury. Conventional treatments of peptic ulcers, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists, have demonstrated adverse effects, relapses, and various drug interactions. On the other hand, medicinal plants and their chemical compounds are useful in the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases. Hence, this review presents common medicinal plants that may be used for the treatment or prevention of peptic ulcers.

scholarly journals Relationship between Temperaments of Medicinal Plants and Their Major Chemical Compounds

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Shams Ardekani ◽  
Roja Rahimi ◽  
Behjat Javadi ◽  
Leila Abdi ◽  
Mahnaz Khanavi
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Major Chemical

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effect of Non-polar Compounds Extracted from Medicinal Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Sana Ghazanfar ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Huadong Liu ◽  
Muhammad Shafa
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Polar Compounds

scholarly journals Efek Sinergis Bahan Aktif Tanaman Obat Berbasiskan Jejaring Dengan Protein Target

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hilal A. Syahrir ◽  
Farit Mochamad Afendi ◽  
Budi Susetyo
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

Medicinal plants contain inherently active ingredients. Such ingredients are beneficial to prevent and cure diseases, as well as to perform specific biological functions. In contrast to synthetic drugs, which is based on one single chemicals, medicinal plants exert their beneficial effects through the additive or synergistic action of several chemical compounds. Those chemical compound act on single or multiple targets (multicomponent therapeutic) associated with a physiological process. Active ingredients combinations show a synergistic effect. This means that the combinational effect of several active ingredients is greater than that of individual one acting separately. A network target can be used to identify synergistic effects of plants active ingredients. The method of NIMS (Network target-based Identification of Multicomponent Synergy) is a computational approach to identify the potential synergistics effect of active ingredients. It also assessess synergistic strength of any active ingradients at the molecular level by synergy scores. We investigate these synergistic on a Jamu formula for diabetes mellitus type 2.  The Jamu formula is composed of four medicinal plants, namely Tinospora crispa , Zingiber officinale, Momordica charantia, and Blumea balsamivera. Our work succesfully demonstrates that the highest synergy scores on medicinal plants synergy can be seen in pairs of several active ingredients in Zingiber officinale. On the other hand, the synergy of pairs of active ingredients in Momordica charantia and Zingiber officinale posseses a relatively high score. The same occurs in Tinospora crispa and Zingiber officinale.

scholarly journals In Vitro comparison in the antimicrobial effect between Ciprofloxacin and Neem leaf extract (Azadirachta indica) on Escherichia coli Growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-177
Author(s):  
Quazi Rubyath Banna ◽  
Badar Uddin Umar ◽  
S M Niazur Rahman ◽  
Tanbira Alam ◽  
Kazi Selim Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Wide Range

Objective: Medicinal plants remain in vogue to treat some diseases in lower socio-economic communities, despite the availability of antimicrobials, often. Majority of rural Bangladeshi and tribal people being grossly illiterate and ignorant, use various herbs to treat a wide range of diseases. Of several medicinal-plants, neem is reported to have enormous impact in treating inflammation and infections. We, therefore, compared the antimicrobial effect of ethanolic neem leave extract (ENLE) on Escherichia coli (E. coli), with that of Ciprofloxacin. Materials & Methods: This experimental study compared the in vitro antimicrobial activity between ENLE and Ciprofloxacin on E. coli carried out in Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics of SS-Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Antimicrobial efficacy of ENLE and ciprofloxacin (5µg; Oxoid, UK) was determined against E. coli following minimum inhibitory concentration. By filtration and evaporation of Neem leaves ENLE was prepared. Antibiotic Sensitivity Test was performed on Muller-Hinton agar using a twofold serial dilution. Results: ENLE showed an inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli at the concentration of 3.125 mg/ml. Antibacterial susceptibility of E. coli was performed on MHA and diameters of zone of inhibition by both ENLE and Ciprofloxacin were measured after overnight aerobic incubation at 37°C. Diameter of zone of inhibition against E. coli was 28 ± 0.16 mm with ENLE, 36 ± 0.07 mm with Ciprofloxacin (5µg/disk) (p<0.000). Conclusion: Findings of this preliminary in-vitro experiment though suggests that, ENLE against E. coli showed limited efficacy, better efficacy of Ciprofloxacin cannot be ruled out unless further in depth studies elucidates stronger evidences to support it.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(2) 2016 p.172-177

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