scholarly journals Applications of FTIR on Epoxy Resins - Identification, Monitoring the Curing Process, Phase Separation and Water Uptake

10.5772/36323 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
María González González ◽  
Juan Carlos Cabanelas ◽  
Juan Baselga
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Curing Process

scholarly journals Improved Processing and Properties for Polyphenylene Oxide Modified by Diallyl Orthophthalate Prepolymer

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2016
Author(s):  
Honghua Wang ◽  
Qilin Mei ◽  
Yujie Ding ◽  
Zhixiong Huang ◽  
Minxian Shi
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Gradual Decrease ◽  
Gel Point ◽  
Dynamic Mode ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyphenylene Oxide

Diallyl orthophthalate (DAOP) prepolymer was investigated as a reactive plasticizer to improve the processability of thermoplastics. The rheology of blends of DAOP prepolymer initiated by 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutane (DMDPB) and polyphenylene oxide (PPO) was monitored during the curing process, and their thermal properties and morphology in separated phases were also studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results showed that the cure degree of the reactively plasticized DAOP prepolymer was reduced with increasing PPO due to the dilution effect. The increasing amount of the DAOP prepolymer led to a gradual decrease in the viscosity of the blends and the rheology behavior was consistent with the chemical gelation of DAOP prepolymer in blends. This indicated that the addition of the DAOP prepolymer effectively improved processability. The phase separation occurring during curing of the blend and the transition from the static to dynamic mode significantly influences the development of the morphology of the blend corresponding to limited evolution of the conversion around the gel point.

A Study on the Blends of Epoxy/Polybutadiene and the Application to the Encapsulation of a Capacitor

1992 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyuan Ren ◽  
Liying Qui
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the blends of epoxy/polybutadiene and the application of the blends to the encapsulation of capacitors. Experiments showed that the hydroxy-carboxyl terminated polybutadiene (HCTPB) had a good toughening effect on epoxy resins, and the blends of epoxy/HTPB or epoxy/HCTPB had good craze resistance at low temperatures. The phase separation and dynamic mechanical analysis of these blends are discussed below.

Effective Polymer Protective Coatings

2021 ◽  
Vol 410 ◽  
pp. 542-547
Author(s):  
Elena S. Dergunova ◽  
German S. Dedyaev ◽  
Margarita A. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Chemical Resistance ◽  
Protective Coatings ◽  
Resistance Coefficient ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Mesh Density

New protective coating compositions based on epoxy resins with high rates of chemical resistance to etching solutions are developed. The chemical resistance coefficient ranges from 0.7 to 0.96. The curing process was evaluated via IR spectroscopy. For each composition, the following parameters were determined: impact strength A, compressive strength σcompr and bending strength σbend, adhesion shear strength σshear, glass transition temperature Tgt, high elasticity modulus Eh and mesh density nm.

Warpage Behaviors of System-in-Packages on a Substrate Strip

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 000344-000348
Author(s):  
Eric Ouyang ◽  
Billy Ahn ◽  
SeonMo Gu ◽  
Jim Hsu ◽  
Yonghyuk Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Material Characterization ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Molding Compound ◽  
Advanced Material ◽  
Curing Reaction ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compound Materials ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract In this paper, the impact of two different types of warpage, strip warpage and system-in-packages (SiP) module warpage, are considered and studied, both experimentally and numerically. An advanced material characterization method is also conducted to study the curing reaction and Pressure-Volume-Temperature-Cure (PVTC) kinetics of the packages. The curing reaction of epoxy resins, as a function of temperature and activation energies, is experimentally determined. During the curing process, the viscosity of epoxy resins change with temperature and conversion rate. The Castro-Macosko model is adopted to describe the rheological properties of epoxy resins. Experimentally, we have prepared substrate strip samples with different component density and molding compound materials. Each substrate strip contains eighteen system-in-packages. The warpages of all substrate strips and all the system-in-package modules were measured, compared, and correlated.

scholarly journals Water Uptake in PHBV/Wollastonite Scaffolds: A Kinetics Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ribas ◽  
Montanheiro ◽  
Montagna ◽  
Prado ◽  
Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Kinetic Mechanism ◽  
Kinetics Study ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Thermally Induced Phase Separation ◽  
Thermally Induced

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a widely studied polymer and it has been found that porous PHBV materials are suitable for substrates for cell cultures. A crucial factor for scaffolds designed for tissue engineering is the water uptake. This property influences the transport of water and nutrients into the scaffold, which promotes cell growth. PHBV has significant hydrophobicity, which can harm the production of cells. Thus, the addition of α-wollastonite (WOL) can modify the PHBV scaffold’s water uptake. To our knowledge, a kinetics study of water uptake of α-wollastonite phase powder and the PHBV matrix has not been reported. In this work, PHBV and WOL, (PHBV/WOL) films were produced with 0, 5, 10, and 20 wt % of WOL. Films were characterized, and the best concentrations were chosen to produce PHBV/WOL scaffolds. The addition of WOL in concentrations up to 10 wt % increased the cell viability of the films. MTT analysis showed that PHBV/5%WOL and PHBV/10%WOL obtained cell viability of 80% and 98%, respectively. Therefore, scaffolds with 0, 5 and 10 wt % of WOL were fabricated by thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). Scaffolds were characterized with respect to morphology and water uptake in assay for 65 days. The scaffold with 10 wt % of WOL absorbed 44.1% more water than neat PHBV scaffold, and also presented a different kinetic mechanism when compared to other samples. Accordingly, PHBV/WOL scaffolds were shown to be potential candidates for biological applications.

Phase separation from solutions of poly(ether sulfone) in epoxy resins

Polymer ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive B. Bucknall ◽  
Clara M. Gomez ◽  
Isabelle Quintard
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Epoxy Resins

Quantitative Analysis of Epoxy Resin Cure Reaction: A Study by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1413-1421 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Billaud ◽  
M. Vandeuren ◽  
R. Legras ◽  
V. Carlier
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Model Compound ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Cure Reaction ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Epoxy Resin Cure

Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to quantify the cure reaction of 4,4′-methylene- bis-(2,6-diethylaniline) (MDEA)–epoxy resins (E/A = 1.4) carried out at 72 and 160 °C. The absorption bands of the functional groups of interest in MDEA–epoxy resins are assigned according to the literature. A new assignment at 6580 cm−1 is also proposed for the secondary amine: it was supported by a synthesized model compound. Two different spectrum treatments were proposed. The first one is based only on a normalization at 4610–4620 cm−1, while the second one needs the subtraction of the normalized spectrum of a post-cure sample. To follow the curing process, amines and epoxy were studied at the same time in the combination and the overtone regions. The results are compared. In the combination region, quantitative results are obtained from absorbance measurements, while in the overtone region spectrum decompositions and area measurements are necessary. Complementary and reliable information are so obtained and allow us to calculate conversions of epoxide and amine I and concentrations in amine II, amine III, hydoxyl groups, and ether links. Kinetics are also established. The curing process mechanism is at last discussed for both curing temperatures.

Controlling water uptake of sugar based epoxy resins

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Busto ◽  
P. Saini ◽  
X. Feng ◽  
W.B. Hammond ◽  
A.J. East ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Epoxy Resins

scholarly journals Thermal Degradation and Water Uptake of Biodegradable Resin Prepared from Millet Flour and Wheat Gluten Crosslinked with Epoxydized Vegetable Oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Abdellatif A. Mohamed ◽  
S. Hussain ◽  
M. S. Alamri ◽  
M. A. Ibraheem ◽  
Akram A. Abdo Qasem
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Cottonseed Oil ◽  
Ozawa Method ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Vital Wheat Gluten

The degradation temperatures (DTs), heat stability (IPDT), degradation kinetics, and water uptake of epoxy resin were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. Epoxy resins were prepared by crosslinking epoxydized oils with vital wheat gluten (VG) and millet flour. The reactions included three oils (cottonseed, sesame, and sunflower) and three levels of zinc chloride (ZC) (1, 2, and 3%). The apparent activation energy (Ea) was calculated using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method. The DT increased at higher heating rates within the same ZC level of the same oil type. Cottonseed oil exhibited the highest DT. The highest IPDT was 637°C of the sunflower oil/millet resin (3% ZC), and the least was the cottonseed/millet (1% ZC) at 479°C. The sesame-millet resin exhibited the highest Ea (622 KJ/mol) followed by sunflower-gluten (496 KJ/mol) and sesame-gluten (454 KJ/mol). The profiles of all resins point to a multistep degradation, but some of the profiles display two dominant kinetic processes, and the remaining resins showed three processes. The variation in crosslinking density between the oils is attributable to the different amounts of oxirane rings which are associated with the double bonds of the fatty acid of the oils. Like other parameters, the water uptake was affected by the ZC content, where most of the resins did not reach water uptake equilibrium. Nonetheless, the 3% ZC resin reached equilibrium after 5 days of immersion.

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