scholarly journals Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Diseases

10.5772/35021 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najeeb A. ◽  
Ming-Hui Zou
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract MP70: Short-term Fine Particulate Air Pollution Is Associated With Shorter Sleep Duration And Higher Sleep Variability In Adolescents

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan He ◽  
Julio Fernandez-Mendoza ◽  
Jeff D Yanosky ◽  
Vernon M Chinchilli ◽  
Laila Al-shaar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Objectively Measured

Introduction: Sleep deprivation and large sleep variability are potential risk factors for obesity and cardiovascular diseases. While it is plausible that particulate air pollution may contribute to these unfavorable sleep patterns, very few studies have been conducted to assess the association between fine particulate (PM 2.5 ) air pollution and objectively measured sleep duration and its variability in an adolescent U.S. population. Hypothesis: We tested the hypothesis that higher individual-level short-term PM 2.5 exposure is associated with shorter sleep duration and higher sleep variability among adolescents. Methods: We analyzed the available data collected from 421 adolescents who participated in the follow-up examination of the population-based Penn State Child Cohort (PSCC) study. To estimate individual-level short-term PM 2.5 exposure, a personal nephelometer (Thermo pDR-1200) was used to measure real-time PM 2.5 concentration for 24 hours from the study participants. The 24-hour mean PM 2.5 concentration was used to quantify the short-term PM 2.5 exposure. To obtain objectively-measured habitual sleep duration (HSD) and habitual sleep variability (HSV), an actigraphy (GT3X+) was used to collect sleep data for 7 consecutive nights, including 1 night in parallel with the PM 2.5 monitoring and 6 nights thereafter. HSD and HSV were calculated as the intra-individual mean and standard deviation (SD) of the 7-night sleep duration, respectively. Participants with < 5 nights (70% of 7 nights) of data were excluded from the analyses. The associations between the individual-level PM 2.5 exposure and HSD/HSV were evaluated by using multi-variable adjusted linear regression models, controlling for age, race, sex, BMI percentile, environmental temperature, and relative humidity. Results: The mean (SD) age of the study population was 16.9 (2.2) years. The study sample consisted of 54% males and 78% whites. The 24-hour mean (SD) of PM 2.5 concentration was 16.9 (26.8) μg/m 3 , while the average HSD and HSV were 7.0 (0.9) hours and 1.2 (0.6) hours, respectively. We observed that a 10 μg/m 3 increase in the 24-hour mean PM 2.5 was associated with significantly lower HSD [β (SE): -0.06 (0.03) hours, p=0.02] and larger HSV [β (SE): 0.04 (0.02) hours, p=0.04]. The effect sizes were approximately 7% of their respective SDs. Conclusion: Individual-level short-term PM 2.5 exposure is associated with objective-measured shorter sleep duration and higher night-to-night sleep variability among U.S. adolescents. These observed associations suggest that particulate air pollution exposure in early life may impact habitual sleep pattern, which may in turn be associated with the risks of obesity and cardiovascular diseases in later life.

scholarly journals PM2.5 exposure on daily cardio-respiratory mortality in Lima, Peru, from 2010 to 2016.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma Tapia ◽  
Kyle Steenland ◽  
Bryan Vu ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Vanessa Vasquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pm2.5 Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure

Abstract Background: There have been no studies of air pollution and mortality in Lima, Peru. We evaluate whether daily environmental PM 2.5 exposure is associated to respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in Lima during 2010 to 2016. Methods: We analyzed 86,970 deaths from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Lima from 2010-2016. Estimated daily PM 2.5 was assigned based on district of residence. Poisson regression was used to estimate associations between daily district-level PM 2.5 exposures and daily counts of deaths. Results: An increase in 10 µg/m 3 PM 2.5 on the day before was significantly associated with daily all-cause (respiratory and circulatory) mortality (RR 1.029; CI 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.05) across all ages and in the age group over 65 (RR 1.04; 95% CI: 1.005 – 1.09) which included 74% of all deaths. We also observed associations with circulatory deaths for all age groups (RR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01 – 1.11), and those over 65 (RR 1.06; 95% CI 1.00 - 1.12). A borderline significant trend was seen (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.99 – 1.06; p = 0.10) for respiratory deaths in persons aged over 65. Trends were driven by the highest quintile of exposure. Conclusions: PM 2.5 exposure is associated with daily all-cause, cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Lima, especially for older people. Our data suggest that the existing limits on air pollution exposure are too high.

Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: From bench to bedside

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vidale ◽  
Carlo Campana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of pollutants as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, international guidelines included specific statements regarding the contribution of particulate matter exposure to increase the risk of these events. In this review, we summarise the main evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in the processes linking air pollutants to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

Air Pollution and its Association with Cardiovascular Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Melvin George ◽  
◽  
Luxitaa Goenka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases

scholarly journals The effect of air pollution on hospitalization of individuals with respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Jinan, China

Medicine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (22) ◽  
pp. e15634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Chen ◽  
Xianfeng Wang ◽  
Chenguang Lv ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Dedong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases

scholarly journals Impacts of air pollution on health: evidence from longitudinal cohort data of patients with cardiovascular diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1025-1038
Author(s):  
Clifford Afoakwah ◽  
Son Nghiem ◽  
Paul Scuffham ◽  
Quan Huynh ◽  
Tom Marwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Longitudinal Cohort ◽  
Cohort Data

Cardiovascular effects of air pollution

2008 ◽  
Vol 115 (6) ◽  
pp. 175-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Brook
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Particle Exposure

Air pollution is a heterogeneous mixture of gases, liquids and PM (particulate matter). In the modern urban world, PM is principally derived from fossil fuel combustion with individual constituents varying in size from a few nanometres to 10 μm in diameter. In addition to the ambient concentration, the pollution source and chemical composition may play roles in determining the biological toxicity and subsequent health effects. Nevertheless, studies from across the world have consistently shown that both short- and long-term exposures to PM are associated with a host of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial ischaemia and infarctions, heart failure, arrhythmias, strokes and increased cardiovascular mortality. Evidence from cellular/toxicological experiments, controlled animal and human exposures and human panel studies have demonstrated several mechanisms by which particle exposure may both trigger acute events as well as prompt the chronic development of cardiovascular diseases. PM inhaled into the pulmonary tree may instigate remote cardiovascular health effects via three general pathways: instigation of systemic inflammation and/or oxidative stress, alterations in autonomic balance, and potentially by direct actions upon the vasculature of particle constituents capable of reaching the systemic circulation. In turn, these responses have been shown to trigger acute arterial vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction, arrhythmias and pro-coagulant/thrombotic actions. Finally, long-term exposure has been shown to enhance the chronic genesis of atherosclerosis. Although the risk to one individual at any single time point is small, given the prodigious number of people continuously exposed, PM air pollution imparts a tremendous burden to the global public health, ranking it as the 13th leading cause of morality (approx. 800000 annual deaths).

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