scholarly journals The New About Congenital Antimicrobial Defense of Some Epithelial Tissues – Vaginal Mucosa and Hair

10.5772/34277 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arzumanian Vera ◽  
Malbakhova Ekaterina ◽  
Vartanova Nune
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Defense ◽  
Epithelial Tissues

Electron microscope study of the microgranules in human vaginal epithelium

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 568-569
Author(s):  
A. Campos ◽  
J. Vilches ◽  
J. Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Intercellular Space ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Vaginal Epithelium ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Secretory Phase ◽  
Cervical Epithelium ◽  
Keratinized Epithelium ◽  
Fertile Women

Microgranules have been described with different names in keratinized and in nonkeratinized epithelium. In keratinized epithelium it seems clear that the microgranules are lamellated bodies bounded by a membrane which empty their contents into the intercellular space. Their existence in nonkeratinized epithelium is more debatable. Until now the so-called microgranules have been described in nonkeratinized bucal, lingual and cervical epithelium. In the present work we describe the morphology and nature of such structures in human vaginal epithelium.Biopsies from the midlevel of the vaginal mucosa were taken from voluntary fertile women. The specimens were divided into three groups with four vaginal specimens. The first group was obtained in the folicular phase; those of the second in the postovulatory phase and, finally, the last group corresponded to the secretory phase.

New opportunities of drug delivery in oncology

2018 ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
А.В. Бойко ◽  
Н.Д. Олтаржевская ◽  
В.И. Швец ◽  
Л.В. Демидова ◽  
Е.А. Дунаева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Radiation Proctitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Zone Method ◽  
Radiation Cystitis ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Grade Iii

Цель исследования. Разработка методов сопроводительной терапии для защиты нормальных органов и тканей, входящих в зону облучения. Методы. В исследование включено 112 больных раком шейки и тела матки после комбинированного или самостоятельного лучевого лечения с 2012 по 2016 гг. У 71 пациентки основной группы в качестве терапии сопровождения применяли гидрогель с деринатом и у 41 больной группы контроля - традиционные методы профилактики (масло оливковое, подсолнечное, метилурациловая мазь). Для профилактики эпителиита слизистой влагалища и шейки матки в основной группе использовали гидрогель в виде аппликаций с первого дня облучения. Для профилактики лучевого ректита гидрогель вводили в прямую кишку 1 раз в день с первого дня облучения. Инстилляции гидрогеля в мочевой пузырь начинали только при развитии первых признаков клинической картины цистита. Пациенткам контрольной группы для профилактики лучевых реакций проводились масляные, мазевые аппликации во влагалище, масляные микроклизмы в прямую кишку с первого дня облучения. Лечение лучевого цистита проводили с помощью растительных диуретиков, уросептиков. Результаты. Применение гидрогеля с деринатом позволило провести курс лучевой терапии без перерыва у 84,5% (60/71) больных, в контрольной группе - лишь у 48,8% (20/41). Лучевые циститы возникали в 2,5 раза реже (25,3% ± 3,3 против 63,4% ± 2,7, р<0,01). Анализ степени выраженности лучевого цистита по RTOG в двух группах показал, что у 75% больных основной группы наблюдалась I степень, у 25% - II степень, III и IV степени не отмечено, тогда как в контрольной группе лучевой цистит I степени развился у 44% пациенток, II - 40% и III - 16% больных. Применение гидрогеля снизило частоту лучевых ректитов в 2 раза (26,7% ± 3,3 против 53,7% ± 3,2 р<0,1).При использовании ежедневных аппликаций гидрогеля с деринатом со стороны слизистой оболочки влагалища и шейки матки преобладали эпителииты I степени (53,5%), II степень наблюдалась у 29,5% и III степень лучевой реакции - лишь в 16,9% случаев, IV степень реакции не отмечена. В контрольной группе эти показатели составили 26,8%, 24,3%, 31,7% и 17,2% соответственно. Разработаны цитологические критерии оценки течения лучевых реакций слизистой влагалища. Выделены три степени изменения цитограммы, которые коррелировали с клинической картиной. В основной группе лучевые изменения I степени зафиксированы в 4,5 раза чаще (52 ± 9,9% против 11,5 ± 6,3%, р<0,002), а III степень представлена в 3,8 раза реже, чем в контрольной группе (12 ± 6,5% против 46,1 ± 9,8%, р<0,003). Заключение. Применение гидрогелевого материала с деринатом в качестве препарата сопроводительной терапии во время курса облучения позволяет уменьшить частоту и степень выраженности лучевых повреждений со стороны слизистой влагалища, мочевого пузыря и прямой кишки, провести курс лучевой терапии без перерыва и улучшить качество жизни пациенток. Objective. Development of methods for accompanying therapy to protect normal organs and tissues in the irradiation zone. Method. The study included 112 patients with cervical and endometrial cancer after combined or independent radiotherapy from 2012 to 2016. In 71 female patients of the main group, Derinat with hydrogel was applied as a supportive therapy and in 41 patients of the control group, conventional prevention methods (olive oil, sunflower oil, methyluracyl ointment) were applied. For prevention of vaginal mucosal and cervical epitheliitis in the main group, hydrogel was used as applications from the first radiation day. For prevention of radiation proctitis, hydrogel was injected into the rectum once daily from the first radiation day. Hydrogel instillations into the bladder were started only with the first clinical signs of cystitis. For prevention of radiation reactions, vaginal oil and ointment and rectal oil micro-enema were administered to patients of the control group from the first day of irradiation. Radiation cystitis was treated with vegetable diuretics and uroseptic drugs. Results. Using the hydrogel with Derinat allowed to administer a course of radiotherapy without interruption in 84.5% (60/71) of patients and only in 48.8% (20/41) in the control group. Radiation cystitis occurred 60% less frequently (25.3% ± 3.3 versus 63.4% ± 2.7, p <0.01). Analysis of radiation cystitis severity in two groups (according to RTOG) showed that 75% of patients in the main group had grade I and 25% had grade II. Grade III and grade IV did not occur. At the same time, in the control group, grade I radiation cystitis developed in 44% of patients, grade II - in 40%, and grade III - in 16% of patients. The hydrogel treatment halved the frequency of radiation proctitis (26.7% ± 3.3 vs. 53.7% ± 3.2 p <0.1). With daily application of the hydrogel with Derinat, grade I epitheliitis (53.5%) predominated in vaginal and cervical mucosa, grade II was observed in 29.5%, and grade III radiation reaction - only in 16.9% of cases; grade IV reaction was not observed. In the control group, these proportions were 26.8%, 24.3%, 31.7%, and 17.2%, respectively. Cytological criteria were developed to evaluate the course of radiation reactions in the vaginal mucosa. Three degrees of change in the cytogram were identified, which correlated with clinical picture. In the main group, incidence of grade I radiation-induced changes was increased by more than 350% (52 ± 9.9% vs. 11.5 ± 6.3%, p <0.002), and incidence of grade III was decreased by more than 70% compared to the control group (12 ± 6.5% vs. 46.1 ± 9.8%, p <0.003). Conclusion. Using the hydrogel material with Derinat as an accompanying therapy during the course of irradiation allows to reduce frequency and severity of radiation injuries of the vaginal mucosa, bladder, and rectum, administer an uninterrupted course of radiotherapy, and improve the quality of life of patients.

New Technological Approach for Glycyrrethic Acid Oral and Topical Administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Pagano ◽  
Luana Perioli ◽  
Paola Calarco ◽  
Alessandro Di Michele ◽  
Maria C. Tiralti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Topical Administration ◽  
Application Site ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Anionic Clays ◽  
Dissolution Rate Enhancement ◽  
Technological Approach ◽  
Bioactive Component

Background: 18β- glycyrrhetinic acid (Gly) is the major bioactive component of licorice roots and rhizomes of the Glycyrrhiza glabra species. It shows many activities such as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal, however, its use in the health field is very limited due to the low water solubility. Methods: This paper deals with the development of a new technological approach for Gly dissolution rate enhancement. It consists of Gly intercalation (guest) in the interlamellar spaces between the inorganic spaces (host) of the anionic clays “hydrotalcites” (HTlc) to obtain hybrids MgAl-HTlc-Gly and ZnAl-HTlc-Gly. Gly can find applications in both systemic and local therapies, thus advantages of the use of the hybrids in these two fields were investigated. Results: Gly dissolution rate from hybrids in the intestinal environment, site in which it is preferentially absorbed, resulted enhanced (ZnAl-HTlc-Gly > MgAl-HTlc-Gly) compared to the crystalline form, thereby, making them suitable for oral administration as dry powder in hard capsules. : For a local therapy, bioadhesive, vaginal emulgels loaded with the hybrids were developed. These showed suitable mucoadhesive property to the vaginal mucosa, necessary to prolong the residence time in the application site. The emulgel containing ZnAl-HTlc-Gly showed a faster and higher release profile than that containing MgAl- HTlc-Gly. Conclusions: The obtained results suggest that Gly intercalation into HTlc, especially in ZnAl-HTlc, allows to enhance Gly dissolution when the hybrids are formulated both as oral or topical products.

Gelatin and Glycerine-Based Bioadhesive Vaginal Hydrogel

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-311
Author(s):  
Roberta Cassano ◽  
Federica Curcio ◽  
Delia Mandracchia ◽  
Adriana Trapani ◽  
Sonia Trombino
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Vaginal Infection ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Aim: The work’s aim was the preparation and characterization of a hydrogel based on gelatin and glycerine, useful for site-specific release of benzydamine, an anti-inflammatory drug, able to attenuate the inflammatory process typical of the vaginal infection. Objective: The obtained hydrogel has been characterized by Electronic Scanning Microscopy (SEM) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). In addition, due to the precursor properties, the hydrogel exhibits a relevant mucoadhesive activity. Methods: The swelling degree was evaluated at two different pHs and at defined time intervals. In particular, phosphate buffers were used at pH 6.6, in order to mimic the typical conditions of infectious diseases at the vaginal level, particularly for HIV-seropositive pregnant women, and pH 4.6, to simulate the physiological environment. Results: The obtained results revealed that the hydrogel swells up well at both pHs. Conclusion: Release studies conducted at both pathological and physiological pHs have shown that benzydamine is released at the level of the vaginal mucosa in a slow and gradual manner. These data support the hypothesis of the hydrogel use for the site-specific release of benzydamine in the vaginal mucosa.

Changes in growth rate and thyroid- and sex-hormones blood levels in rats under sub-chronic lithium treatment

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Allagui ◽  
N Hfaiedh ◽  
C Vincent ◽  
F Guermazi ◽  
J-C Murat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lithium Treatment ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Vaginal Mucosa ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Dose Dependent

Lithium therapy, mainly used in curing some psychiatric diseases, is responsible for numerous undesirable side effects. The present study is a contribution to the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying lithium toxicity. Male and female mature rats were divided into three batches and fed commercial pellets: one batch was the control and the second and third batches were given 2 g (Li1) and 4 g (Li2) of lithium carbonate/kg of food/day, respectively. After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, serum levels of free tri-iodothyronine (FT3), thyroxine (FT4), testosterone and estradiol were measured. Attention was also paid to growth rate and a histological examination of testes or vaginal mucosa was carried out. In treated rats, a dose-dependent loss of appetite and a decrease in growth rate were observed, together with symptoms of polydypsia, polyuria and diarrhea. Lithium serum concentrations increased from 0.44 mM (day 7) to 1.34 mM (day 28) in Li1 rats and from 0.66 to 1.45 mM (day 14) in Li2 rats. Li2 treatment induced a high mortality after 14 days, reaching 50-60% in female and male animals. From these data, the LD50 (14 days Li2 chronic treatment) was calculated to be about 0.3 g/day per kilogram of animal, leading to Li serum concentrations of about 1.4 mM. A significant decrease of FT3 and FT4 was observed in treated rats. This effect appeared immediately for the highest dose and was more pronounced for FT3, resulting in an increase of the FT4/FT3 ratio. In males, testosterone decreased and spermatogenesis was stopped. Conversely, in females, estradiol increased in a dose-dependent manner as the animals were blocked in the diestrus phase at day 28. This finding supports a possible antagonistic effect of lithium on the estradiol receptors.

scholarly journals The Genes raw and ribbon Are Required for Proper Shape of Tubular Epithelial Tissues in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Jack ◽  
Guy Myette
Keyword(s):  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Dorsal Closure ◽  
Epithelial Tissues ◽  
Cell Rearrangement

Abstract The products of two genes, raw and ribbon (rib), are required for the proper morphogenesis of a variety of tissues. Malpighian tubules mutant for raw or rib are wider and shorter than normal tubules, which are only two cells in circumference when they are fully formed. The mutations alter the shape of the tubules beginning early in their formation and block cell rearrangement late in development, which normally lengthens and narrows the tubes. Mutations of both genes affect a number of other tissues as well. Both genes are required for dorsal closure and retraction of the CNS during embryonic development. In addition, rib mutations block head involution, and broaden and shorten other tubular epithelia (salivary glands, tracheae, and hindgut) in much same manner as they alter the shape of the Malpighian tubules. In tissues in which the shape of cells can be observed readily, rib mutations alter cell shape, which probably causes the change in shape of the organs that are affected. In double mutants raw enhances the phenotypes of all the tissues that are affected by rib but unaffected by raw alone, indicating that raw is also active in these tissues.

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