scholarly journals Cardiac Function and Organ Blood Flow at Early Stage Following Severe Burn

10.5772/33994 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Xiao ◽  
Yue-Sheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Severe Burn

Salutary effects of androstenediol on cardiac function and splanchnic perfusion after trauma-hemorrhage

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (2) ◽  
pp. R386-R390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoharu Shimizu ◽  
Mashkoor A. Choudhry ◽  
Laszlo Szalay ◽  
Loring W. Rue ◽  
Kirby I. Bland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Splanchnic Perfusion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Circulating Levels

Recent studies have shown that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) administration after trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) improves cardiovascular function and decreases cytokine production in male animals. Although androstenediol, one of the metabolites of DHEA, is reported to have estrogen-like activity, it remains unknown whether androstenediol per se has any salutary effects on cytokines and cardiovascular function after T-H. To examine this effect, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent laparotomy and were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial blood pressure of 35–40 mmHg for ∼90 min. The animals were resuscitated with four times the volume of maximal bleedout volume in the form of Ringer lactate. Androstenediol (1 mg/kg body wt iv) or vehicle was administered at the end of resuscitation. Twenty-four hours after resuscitation, cardiac function and organ blood flow were measured by using 85Sr-microspheres. Circulating levels of nitrate/nitrite and IL-6 were also determined. Cardiovascular function and organ blood flow were significantly depressed after T-H. However, these parameters were restored by androstenediol treatment. The elevated plasma IL-6 levels after T-H were also lowered by androstenediol treatment. In contrast, plasma levels of nitrate/nitrite were the highest in the androstenediol-treated T-H animals. Because androstenediol administration after T-H decreases cytokine production and improves cardiovascular function, this agent appears to be a novel and useful adjunct for restoring the depressed cardiovascular function and for cytokine production in males after adverse circulatory conditions.

scholarly journals Anesthetic Techniques for Fetal Surgery

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 796-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pornswan Ngamprasertwong ◽  
Erik C. Michelfelder ◽  
Shahriar Arbabi ◽  
Yun Suk Choi ◽  
Christopher Statile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Fetal Surgery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Anesthetic Techniques ◽  
Uterine Blood Flow ◽  
Fetal Cardiac Function ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fetal Acidosis

Abstract Background: Use of high-dose inhalational anesthesia during open fetal surgery may induce maternal–fetal hemodynamic instability and fetal myocardial depression. The authors’ preliminary human retrospective study demonstrated less fetal bradycardia and left ventricular systolic dysfunction with lower dose desflurane supplemented with propofol and remifentanil IV anesthesia (SIVA). In this animal study, the authors compare maternal–fetal effects of high-dose desflurane anesthesia (HD-DES) and SIVA. Methods: Of 26 instrumented midgestational ewes, data from 11 animals exposed to both SIVA and HD-DES in random sequences and six animals exposed to HD-DES while maternal normotension was maintained were analyzed. Maternal electroencephalography was used to guide comparable depths of anesthesia in both techniques. Hemodynamic parameters, blood gas, and fetal cardiac function from echocardiography were recorded. Results: Compared with SIVA, HD-DES resulted in significant maternal hypotension (mean arterial pressure difference, 19.53 mmHg; 95% CI, 17.6–21.4; P < 0.0001), fetal acidosis (pH 7.11 vs. 7.24 at 150 min, P < 0.001), and decreased uterine blood flow. In the HD-DES group with maternal normotension, uterine blood flow still declined and fetal acidosis persisted, with no statistically significant difference from the group exposed to HD-DES that had maternal hypotension. There was no statistically significant difference in fetal cardiac function. Conclusion: In sheep, SIVA affects maternal hemodynamics less and provides better fetal acid/base status than high-dose desflurane. Fetal echocardiography did not reflect myocardial dysfunction in this model.

scholarly journals Laser Doppler blood flowmeter as a useful instrument for the early detection of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease in hemodialysis patients: an observational study

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Ishii ◽  
Shizuka Takabe ◽  
Yuki Yanagawa ◽  
Yuko Ohshima ◽  
Yasuhiro Kagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Laser Doppler ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Skin Perfusion ◽  
Dorsal Area ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract Background A simpler method for detecting atherosclerosis obliterans is required in the clinical setting. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is easy to perform and can accurately detect deterioration in skin perfusion. We performed LDF for hemodialysis patients to determine the correlations between blood flow in the lower limbs and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Methods This retrospective study included 128 hemodialysis patients. Patients were categorized into the non-PAD group (n = 106) and PAD group (n = 22), 14 early stage PAD patients were included in the PAD group. We conducted LDF for the plantar area and dorsal area of the foot and examined skin perfusion pressure (SPP) during dialysis. Results SPP-Dorsal Area values were 82.1 ± 22.0 mmHg in the non-PAD, and 59.1 ± 20.3 mmHg in PAD group, respectively (p < 0.05). The LDF-Plantar blood flow (Qb) values were 32.7 ± 15.5 mL/min in non-PAD group and 21.5 ± 11.3 mL/min in PAD group (p < 0.001). A total of 21 non-PAD patients underwent LDF before and during dialysis. The LDF-Plantar-Qb values were 36.5 ± 17.6 mL/min before dialysis and 29.6 ± 17.7 mL/min after dialysis (p < 0.05). We adjusted SPP and LDF for PAD using logistic regression, SPP-Dorsal-Area and LDF-P were significantly correlated with PAD (p < 0.05). The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis indicated cut-off values of 20.0 mL/min for LDF-Plantar-Qb during dialysis. Conclusion LDF is a simple technique for sensitive detection of early-stage PAD. This assessment will help physicians identify early-stage PAD, including Fontaine stage II in clinical practice, thereby allowing prompt treatment.

Metabolic responses of the whole body, portal-drained viscera and hindquarter to adrenaline infusion: Effects of nonselective and selective β-adrenoceptor blockade

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. O. O. Miaron ◽  
R. J. Christopherson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
External Iliac Artery ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Β Blocker ◽  
Β Blockers

Propranolol, a nonselective β-blocker and selective β-blockers (metoprolol a β1-blocker and ICI 118551 a β2-blocker) were used to investigate the β-adrenoceptor-mediated adrenaline-induced increase in whole-body and organ VO2 in five whether sheep. Transit time blood flow probes were chronically implanted on the portal vein and the external iliac artery and sampling catheters were placed in the mesenteric artery, iliac vein and portal vein. Oxygen consumption by the whole body was measured by open circuit calorimetry, and oxygen consumption by the portal-drained viscera and the hindquarter was determined from A-VO2 differences and organ blood flow. Absolute pre-infusion VO2 values for the whole body, portal-drained viscera and hindquarters were 236 ± 7.4, 61 ± 6.0 and 13 ± 3.1 mL min−1 respectively. The mean changes in VO2 in response to infusion were 74 vs. 11, 26, 10 and 12 mL min−1 (SE = 9.1) for whole body; 31 vs. −2, −15, 13 and −4 mL min−1 (SE = 7.3) for portal-drained viscera and 8 vs. −0.4, 2.1, 1.0 and −2.7 mL min−1; SE = 4.3) for hindquarters during adrenaline, control, propranolol, metoprolol and ICI 118551 treatments, respectively. Adrenaline increased VO2 (P < 0.05) in the whole body and portal-drained viscera, but not hindquarters relative to controls. All β-blockers suppressed (P < 0.05) the adrenaline-induced increase in VO2 except for the portal-drained viscera where metoprolol was less effective and the hindquarters where β-blockers had no effect. The blood flow pattern was similar to VO2 responses for the portal-drained viscera. The nonselective β1 and β2 blockers were effective in reducing the adrenaline-induced increases in blood flow from the portal-drained viscera and to the hindquarters, with more pronounced β-adrenoceptor-mediated haemodynamic effects. The results indicate that the β-adrenoceptor system modulates whole body VO2, clearly establishes that adrenaline induces an increased VO2 in portal-drained viscera which can be reversed by a β2 or nonselective β blocker and implicates β adrenoceptors as an influencing factor in the maintenance energy requirements of ruminants. Key words: Calorimetry, adrenaline, β blockers, blood flow, sheep

Electromechanical Control of Atrium Function

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslava Svobodova ◽  
Elena S. Di Martino
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pump Function ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Mechanical Pump

The heart is a very efficient mechanical pump whose function is to controls the blood flow in the body. Two physical systems, namely mechanical for the pumping action and electrical for the control interact within the heart. Cardiac function can only be studied if both mechanical and electrical systems are considered. In particular, we are interested in the electromechanical control of the atrium pump function which is less studied then the electromechanical control of the ventricle pump function and none the less is a crucial factor in the development of atrial fibrillation.

Effect of xenopsin on blood flow, hormone release, and acid secretion

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (3) ◽  
pp. G195-G199 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Zinner ◽  
F. Kasher ◽  
I. M. Modlin ◽  
B. M. Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid ◽  
Regional Blood Flow ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Specific Influence

We investigated the effects of the neurotensin analogue xenopsin on regional blood flow, central hemodynamics, and stimulated acid secretion in awake conscious dogs. Organ blood flow, estimated using the radioactive microsphere technique, was significantly increased during the xenopsin infusion to the adrenals, pancreas, and ileum. There was no change in mean arterial pressure or cardiac output (measured by thermodilution). Along with changes in blood flow, there was a significant increase in the hormone output from the pancreas. These included rises in plasma pancreatic polypeptide, insulin, and glucagon. There also was a rise in plasma cortisol levels during the infusion. Substance P levels rose slowly but significantly during the xenospin infusion. There was no change in plasma gastrin levels. Xenopsin produced a significant inhibition of tetragastrin-stimulated gastric acid output. Thus, xenopsin appears to have region-specific influence on blood flow that correlates with region-specific hormonal secretion. In addition, xenopsin, like its mammalian analogue neurotensin, is an inhibitor of stimulated gastric acid secretion. A mammalian xenopsinlike peptide may well be involved in the modulation of gastrointestinal function.

scholarly journals Pentoxifylline prevents the transition from the hyperdynamic to hypodynamic response during sepsis

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (3) ◽  
pp. H1036-H1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaolong Yang ◽  
Mian Zhou ◽  
Douglas J. Koo ◽  
Irshad H. Chaudry ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Organ Blood Flow ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Renal Oxygen

The cardiovascular response to sepsis includes an early, hyperdynamic phase followed by a late, hypodynamic phase. Although administration of pentoxifylline (PTX) produces beneficial effects in sepsis, it remains unknown whether this agent prevents the transition from the hyperdynamic to the hypodynamic response during the progression of sepsis. To study this, male adult rats were subjected to polymicrobial sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). At 1 h after CLP, PTX (50 mg/kg body wt) or vehicle was infused intravenously over 30 min. At 20 h after CLP (i.e., the late stage of sepsis), cardiac output and organ blood flow were measured by radioactive microspheres. Systemic and regional (i.e., hepatic, intestinal, and renal) oxygen delivery (Do 2) and oxygen consumption (V˙o 2) were determined. Moreover, plasma levels of lactate and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were measured, and histological examinations were performed. In additional animals, the necrotic cecum was excised at 20 h after CLP, and mortality was monitored for 10 days thereafter. The results indicate that cardiac output, organ blood flow, and systemic and regional Do 2decreased by 36–65% ( P < 0.05) at 20 h after CLP. Administration of PTX early after the onset of sepsis, however, prevented reduction in measured hemodynamic parameters and increased systemic and regional Do 2 andV˙o 2 by 50–264% ( P < 0.05). The elevated levels of lactate (by 173%, P < 0.05) and ALT (by 718%, P < 0.05), as well as the morphological alterations in the liver, small intestine, and kidneys during sepsis were attenuated by PTX treatment. In addition, PTX treatment decreased the mortality rate from 50 to 0% ( P < 0.05) after CLP and cecal excision. Because PTX prevents the occurrence of hypodynamic sepsis, this agent appears to be a useful adjunct for maintaining hemodynamic stability and preventing lethality from sepsis.

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