scholarly journals Loss of Genetic Diversity in Wild Populations

10.5772/33654 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Larson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity

scholarly journals Genetic Structure and Pod Morphology of Inga edulis Cultivated vs. Wild Populations from the Peruvian Amazon

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandr Rollo ◽  
Maria M. Ribeiro ◽  
Rita L. Costa ◽  
Carmen Santos ◽  
Zoyla M. Clavo P. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Ice Cream ◽  
Peruvian Amazon ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Inga Edulis ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pod Length

Research Highlights: This study assesses the genetic diversity and structure of the ice-cream-bean (Inga edulis Mart.; Fabaceae) in wild and cultivated populations from the Peruvian Amazon. This research also highlights the importance of protecting the biodiversity of the forest in the Peruvian Amazon, to preserve the genetic resources of species and allow further genetic improvement. Background and Objectives: Ice-cream-bean is one of the most commonly used species in the Amazon region for its fruits and for shading protection of other species (e.g., cocoa and coffee plantations). Comprehensive studies about the impact of domestication on this species’ genetic diversity are needed, to find the best conservation and improvement strategies. Materials and Methods: In the current study, the genetic structure and diversity were assessed by genotyping 259 trees, sampled in five wild and 22 cultivated I. edulis populations in the Peruvian Amazon, with microsatellite markers. Pod length was measured in wild and cultivated trees. Results: The average pod length in cultivated trees was significantly higher than that in wild trees. The expected genetic diversity and the average number of alleles was higher in the wild compared to the cultivated populations; thus, a loss of genetic diversity was confirmed in the cultivated populations. The cultivated trees in the Loreto region had the highest pod length and lowest allelic richness; nevertheless, the wild populations’ genetic structure was not clearly differentiated (significantly different) from that of the cultivated populations. Conclusions: A loss of genetic diversity was confirmed in the cultivated populations. The species could have been simultaneously domesticated in multiple locations, usually from local origin. The original I. edulis Amazonian germplasm should be maintained. Cultivated populations’ new germplasm influx from wild populations should be undertaken to increase genetic diversity.

Genetic diversity among five wild populations of Portunus trituberculatus

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327-1334
Author(s):  
Xiaoping LI ◽  
Ping LIU ◽  
Jian LI ◽  
Baoquan GAO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Portunus Trituberculatus ◽  
Wild Populations

Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity in 3 wild populations of Exopalaemon carinicauda

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Shuwen JIA ◽  
Ping LIU ◽  
Jian LI ◽  
Jitao LI ◽  
Baoquan GAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Exopalaemon Carinicauda ◽  
Wild Populations

Microsatellite analysis on genetic diversity of seven wild populations of Scylla paramamosain in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 977-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao-an SHU ◽  
Yu-fang ZHOU ◽  
Xiao-yu ZHU ◽  
Xiao-feng ZHAO ◽  
Xiao-ling GUO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Analysis ◽  
Scylla Paramamosain ◽  
Wild Populations

Evolutionary genetics of small populations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Frankham ◽  
Jonathan D. Ballou ◽  
Katherine Ralls ◽  
Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽  
Michele R. Dudash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Small Populations ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Genetic Management ◽  
Evolutionary Genetic ◽  
Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Genetic management of fragmented populations involves the application of evolutionary genetic theory and knowledge to alleviate problems due to inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity in small population fragments. Populations evolve through the effects of mutation, natural selection, chance (genetic drift) and gene flow (migration). Large outbreeding, sexually reproducing populations typically contain substantial genetic diversity, while small populations typically contain reduced levels. Genetic impacts of small population size on inbreeding, loss of genetic diversity and population differentiation are determined by the genetically effective population size, which is usually much smaller than the number of individuals.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Genetic Diversity among Farmed Stocks of Oreochromis spp. (Perciformes, Cichlidae) in Madagascar

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Nicolas Hubert ◽  
Elodie Pepey ◽  
Jean-Michel Mortillaro ◽  
Dirk Steinke ◽  
Diana Edithe Andria-Mananjara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Food System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Well Differentiated

The fast development of aquaculture over the past decades has made it the main source of fish protein and led to its integration into the global food system. Mostly originating from inland production systems, aquaculture has emerged as strategy to decrease malnutrition in low-income countries. The Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was introduced to Madagascar in the 1950s, and is now produced nationally at various scales. Aquaculture mostly relies on fry harvested from wild populations and grow-out in ponds for decades. It has recently been diversified by the introduction of several fast-growing strains. Little is known how local genetic diversity compares to recently introduced strains, although high and comparable levels of genetic diversity have previously been observed for both wild populations and local stocks. Our study compares DNA barcode genetic diversity among eight farms and several strains belonging to three species sampled. DNA-based lineage delimitation methods were applied and resulted in the detection of six well differentiated and highly divergent lineages. A comparison of DNA barcode records to sequences on the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) helped to trace the origin of several of them. Both haplotype and nucleotide diversity indices highlight high levels of mitochondrial genetic diversity, with several local strains displaying higher diversity than recently introduced strains. This allows for multiple options to maintain high levels of genetic diversity in broodstock and provides more options for selective breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Salvia Species Assessed by ISSR and RAPD Markers

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh YOUSEFIAZARKHANIAN ◽  
Ali ASGHARI ◽  
Jafar AHMADI ◽  
Behvar ASGHARI ◽  
Ali Ashraf JAFARI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Polymorphisms ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
The World

The genus Salvia includes an enormous assemblage of nearly 1,000 species dispersed around the world. Due to possible threats to this genus, there is an immediate requirement to evaluate the diversity of its wild populations. ISSR and RAPD molecular techniques were used to evaluate the genetic relationships among twenty-one ecotypes of eight Salvia species. Amplification of genomic DNA using 23 primers (15 RAPD and eight ISSR) produced 280 bands, of which 91% were polymorphic. The results of marker parameters showed no clear difference between two marker systems. It was generally observed that both ISSR and RAPD markers had similar efficiency in detecting genetic polymorphisms with remarkable ability to differentiate the closely related ecotypes of Salvia. Nei’s similarity coefficients for these techniques ranged from 0.48 to 0.98. Based on the results of clustering, PCoA and AMOVA, the genetic diversity between and within species was confirmed. So, conservation and domestication of the genus Salvia must be due to levels of genetic variations.

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