scholarly journals Use of OCT Imaging in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Age Related Macular Degeneration

10.5772/33410 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona-Delia lu ◽  
tefan lu
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oct Imaging

Quantitative SD-OCT Imaging Biomarkers as Indicators of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 7093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis de Sisternes ◽  
Noah Simon ◽  
Robert Tibshirani ◽  
Theodore Leng ◽  
Daniel L. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Imaging Biomarkers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oct Imaging ◽  
Sd Oct

scholarly journals Clinically visible progression indicators in age-related macular degeneration are transdifferentiated retinal pigment epithelium

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongfeng Cao ◽  
Belinda Leong ◽  
Jeffrey D. Messinger ◽  
Deepayan Kar ◽  
Thomas Ach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Muller Glia ◽  
Müller Glia ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oct Imaging

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common sight-threatening disease of older adults and treatment options are needed. Abnormalities of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), supporting cells to photoreceptors and capillaries, are a hallmark. Clinical optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging reveals hyperreflective foci (HRF) that confer risk for end-stage disease and are attributed to ectopic out-of-layer RPE. Using longitudinal OCT imaging of AMD patients, we demonstrate that the trajectory of one HRF form, RPE plume, parallels the retinal Henle fiber layer. Histology shows fully pigmented cells approaching and contacting retinal capillaries with RPE organelles dispersing along Müller glia columns. We used immunohistochemistry and a system of morphologic phenotypes to assess RPE functional repertoire in AMD. RPE corresponding to HRF loses immunoreactivity for retinoid processing proteins RPE65 and CRALBP, and gains immunoreactivity for immune cell markers CD68 and CD163. Müller glia retain CRALBP immunoreactivity. Gain- and loss-of-function for RPE starts with individual in-layer cells and extends to all abnormal phenotypes. Down-regulated RPE retinoid handling may contribute to slowed rod vision while Müller glia sustain cone vision. Ectopic RPE corresponding to HRF are emblematic of widespread transdifferentiation, motivating treatments targeting AMD pathology earlier than the initiation of atrophy. Data can propel new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies for AMD.One Sentence SummaryIn age-related macular degeneration retinal pigment epithelial cells transdifferentiate and migrate into the retina where they are clinically visible progression risk indicators.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal alterations in retinal and choroidal layers in the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in optical coherence tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf-Dieter Vogl ◽  
Hrvoje Bogunović ◽  
Sebastian M. Waldstein ◽  
Sophie Riedl ◽  
Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Reference Frame ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oct Imaging ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the predominant cause of vision loss in the elderly with a major impact on ageing societies and healthcare systems. A major challenge in AMD management is the difficulty to determine the disease stage, the highly variable progression speed and the risk of conversion to advanced AMD, where irreversible functional loss occurs. In this study we developed an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging based spatio-temporal reference frame to characterize the morphologic progression of intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to identify distinctive patterns of conversion to the advanced stages macular neovascularization (MNV) and macular atrophy (MA). We included 10,040 OCT volumes of 518 eyes with intermediate AMD acquired according to a standardized protocol in monthly intervals over two years. Two independent masked retina specialists determined the time of conversion to MNV or MA. All scans were aligned to a common reference frame by intra-patient and inter-patient registration. Automated segmentations of retinal layers and the choroid were computed and en-face maps were transformed into the common reference frame. Population maps were constructed in the subgroups converting to MNV (n=135), MA (n=50) and in non-progressors (n=333). Topographically resolved maps of changes were computed and tested for statistical significant differences. The development over time was analysed by a joint model accounting for longitudinal and right-censoring aspect. Significantly enhanced thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)–photoreceptorinner segment/outer segment (PR-IS/OS) layers within the central 3 mm and a faster thinning speed preceding conversion was documented for MA progressors. Converters to MNV presented an accelerated thinning of the choroid and appearance changes in the choroid prior to MNV onset. The large-scale automated image analysis allowed us to distinctly assess the progression of morphologic changes in intermediate AMD based on conventional OCT imaging. Distinct topographic and temporal patterns allow to prospectively determine eyes with risk of progression and thereby greatly improving early detection, prevention and development of novel therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals Use of Imaging Modalities in Real Life: Impact on Visual Acuity Outcomes of Ranibizumab Treatment for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Joachim Wachtlin ◽  
Georg Spital ◽  
Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg ◽  
Sandra Liakopoulos ◽  
Jessica Vögeler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oct Imaging ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ranibizumab Treatment

Background. To date, there are limited prospective real-world data on the impact of optical coherence tomography (OCT) diagnostics on treatment outcomes in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Therefore, the prospective, noninterventional OCEAN study (NCT02194803) evaluated the use of OCT imaging and its impact on functional outcomes in Germany. Methods. The use of OCT imaging for treatment decisions was documented in nAMD patients receiving intravitreal ranibizumab injections at 347 study centres. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing and treatment were performed according to routine clinical practice and documented over 24 months. Results. The majority of the 3,631 nAMD patients (59.6%) received a combination of OCT and fluorescein angiography imaging within the first 6 months. Over the remaining study course, this combination was used infrequently (range: 7.6% to 13.4%) and continually decreased over time; most patients received only OCT examinations (range: 48.9% to 52.5%; median: 3 within 12 months and 4 within 24 months). Subgroups according to the number of OCT examinations (≤4, rarely OCT examined; 5–8, moderately OCT examined; ≥8, well monitored) were associated with different treatment frequencies and outcomes: Rarely OCT-examined patients had received a median of 4 injections (range: 1–19) at 24 months; well-monitored patients had received a median of 8 injections (range: 1–21) at 24 months. Rarely OCT-examined patients had a mean change of BCVA of −0.3 letters (±26.1) at 24 months (n = 165); well-monitored patients showed a change of +2.0 letters (±20.8) at 24 months (n = 249). Time-to-response was greater for rarely examined than well-monitored patients, while duration-of-response was similar. Conclusion. Low number of visits as well as high number of treatment decisions without the use of OCT may contribute to undertreatment and poorer functional outcomes in patients undergoing ranibizumab treatment for nAMD in Germany. One potential reason for this could be that OCT was not covered by insurance for all patients during the study.

scholarly journals A Method for En Face OCT Imaging of Subretinal Fluid in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatimah Mohammad ◽  
Justin Wanek ◽  
Ruth Zelkha ◽  
Jennifer I. Lim ◽  
Judy Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subject ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Age Related ◽  
En Face Oct ◽  
En Face ◽  
Oct Imaging

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to report a method for en face imaging of subretinal fluid (SRF) due to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT).Methods. High density SDOCT imaging was performed at two visits in 4 subjects with neovascular AMD and one healthy subject. En face OCT images of a retinal layer anterior to the retinal pigment epithelium were generated. Validity, repeatability, and utility of the method were established.Results. En face OCT images generated by manual and automatic segmentation were nearly indistinguishable and displayed similar regions of SRF. En face OCT images displayed uniform intensities and similar retinal vascular patterns in a healthy subject, while the size and appearance of a hypopigmented fibrotic scar in an AMD subject were similar at 2 visits. In AMD subjects, dark regions on en face OCT images corresponded to reduced or absent light reflectance due to SRF. On en face OCT images, a decrease in SRF areas with treatment was demonstrated and this corresponded with a reduction in the central subfield retinal thickness.Conclusion. En face OCT imaging is a promising tool for visualization and monitoring of SRF area due to disease progression and treatment.

High-Resolution Spectral Domain-OCT Imaging in Geographic Atrophy Associated with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 4137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Fleckenstein ◽  
Peter Charbel Issa ◽  
Hans-Martin Helb ◽  
Steffen Schmitz-Valckenberg ◽  
Robert P. Finger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Geographic Atrophy ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Spectral Domain Oct ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oct Imaging

scholarly journals Machine Learning of the Progression of Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration Based on OCT Imaging

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. BIO141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hrvoje Bogunovic ◽  
Alessio Montuoro ◽  
Magdalena Baratsits ◽  
Maria G. Karantonis ◽  
Sebastian M. Waldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Oct Imaging

scholarly journals En Face OCT Imaging for the Diagnosis of Outer Retinal Tubulations in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wolff ◽  
Alexandre Matet ◽  
Vivien Vasseur ◽  
José-Alain Sahel ◽  
Martine Mauget-Faÿsse
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Geographic Atrophy ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Spectral Domain ◽  
Macular Disease ◽  
Spectral Domain Oct ◽  
Age Related ◽  
En Face Oct ◽  
En Face ◽  
Oct Imaging

Purpose. “En face” is an emerging imaging technique derived from spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). It produces frontal sections of retinal layers, also called “C-scan OCT.” Outer retinal tubulations (ORTs) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are a recent finding evidenced by spectral-domain OCT. The aim of this study is to characterize the morphology of ORT according to the form of AMD, using “en-face” spectral domain OCT.Methods. “En face” OCT imaging was prospectively performed in 26 consecutive eyes with AMD that also had ORT.Results. There were 15 neovascular, 8 atrophic, and 3 eyes with a mixed (fibrotic and atrophic) form of AMD. Among the neovascular group, the most frequent tubulation pattern on “en-face” OCT was a branching network emanating from a fibrovascular scar; we term this pattern as “pseudodendritic.” It did not require treatment when observed as an isolated finding. In all cases of atrophic AMD, the tubular network was located at the edge of the geographic atrophy area, and formed a “perilesional” pattern. Six atrophic cases showed tubular invaginations inside this area.Conclusion. “En face” OCT is a valuable technique in the diagnosis and followup of macular disease. It revealed the main characteristic patterns of ORT associated with neovascular and atrophic AMD.

Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) – pathophysiological and clinical features and therapeutic concepts

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Körner-Stiefbold
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Altersbedingte Makuladegeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Genetische Faktoren ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Therapeutic Concepts

Die altersbedingte Makuladegeneration (AMD) ist eine der häufigsten Ursachen für einen irreversiblen Visusverlust bei Patienten über 65 Jahre. Nahezu 30% der über 75-Jährigen sind von einer AMD betroffen. Trotz neuer Erkenntnisse in der Grundlagenforschung ist die Ätiologie, zu der auch genetische Faktoren gehören, noch nicht völlig geklärt. Aus diesem Grund sind die Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt noch limitiert, so dass man lediglich von Therapieansätzen sprechen kann. Die derzeit zur Verfügung stehenden Möglichkeiten wie medikamentöse, chirurgische und laser- und strahlentherapeutische Maßnahmen werden beschrieben.

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