scholarly journals Sodium Levels in the Spring Water, Surface and Groundwater in Dalmatia (Southern Croatia)

10.5772/33250 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nives StambukGiljanovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Surface And Groundwater ◽  
Southern Croatia

scholarly journals Model of Rainwater Harvesting System

2020 ◽  
pp. 253-268
Author(s):  
Prof. Akash N Ka Patel ◽  
Pavar P. Nandsingh ◽  
Pavar V. Satpalsingh ◽  
Purvesh Raval
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Water Source ◽  
World Population ◽  
Excess Water ◽  
The World ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

As the world population increases, the demand increases for good quality of drinking water. Surface and groundwater resources are being consumed faster than they can be recharged. Rainwater harvesting is an old practice that is being adopted by many nations as a viable decentralized water source. This project is to prepare a model for rainwater harvesting from rooftops and we are designing Rainwater harvesting system in a residential building to use the rooftop rainwater and recharge ground water from excess water & concrete roads of residential houses then making demo model to show different collaborative techniques.

Surface water as abstraction source for drinking water supply in 2014

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Seewsagur
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Water Abstraction

Data is given as the percentage of water abstracted for drinking supply that comes from surface water. Abstraction sources include: groundwater, spring water, surface water, other sources and imported water. The full data are available online. For more information, visit: www.waterstatistics.org Abstraction Drinking water Human settlements Supply

scholarly journals Surface and Groundwater Characteristics within a Semi-Arid Environment Using Hydrochemical and Remote Sensing Techniques

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Abdellatif Rafik ◽  
Mohammed Bahir ◽  
Abdelaziz Beljadid ◽  
Driss Ouazar ◽  
Abdelghani Chehbouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Surface ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Groundwater Assessment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

The understanding of hydro systems is of great importance in monitoring quantitative and qualitative changes in water resources. The Essaouira region at the edge of the Moroccan Atlantic Ocean is subject to a semi-arid climate. The decrease in rainfall as a result of climate change and the increase in the exploitation of surface and groundwater have disrupted the stability of these resources and threaten the socio-economic and environmental balance in the area under investigation. Climate scenarios estimate that precipitation will decrease by 10–20% while warming increases by 3 °C over the next 30 years. The physico-chemical parameters studied show that the evolution of the pH and temperature of the groundwater remained stable with a neutral (pH ≈ 7) and a hypothermal character (T < 30 °C). For the electrical conductivity, it showed an increasing trend from 2017 to 2020. A hydrochemical approach showed that the groundwater mineralization was controlled by the dissolution of evaporites and carbonates, by cation exchange processes, and by seawater contamination. A groundwater assessment for drinking use was made by comparing the concentrations of the chemical elements with the standards set by the World Health Organization. The results obtained show that the groundwater from the aquifers studied requires treatment before being consumed, in particular for Cl− and SO42−. Furthermore, the groundwater quality for irrigation was evaluated based on the parameters Na% and Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR). The results showed that the groundwater was adequate for agricultural purposes, especially for the plants that adapt to high salinity. The monitoring of surface water by processing the satellite images via the calculation of the normalized difference water index (NDWI) showed an increase in water surface areas in the region following the commissioning of two large dams (Zerrar and Igouzoullene). Despite the installation of these hydraulic structures, a drop of 4.85 km2 in water surface area was observed beyond 2016. This situation requires intervention in order to preserve this vital resource.

scholarly journals WATER MANAGEMENT IN SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES OF VARAŽDIN COUNTY

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 197-217
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
The Public ◽  
Protection Zones ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

The urbanization of settlements and cities and the development of industry increase the need for water, while on the other hand the discharge of wastewater increasingly affects heavier pollution of surface and groundwater, and space in the broader sense. By failing to take appropriate measures and endangering the quality of groundwater and spring water, further degradation of its quality can lead to undesirable consequences on water supply, especially in the lowland area of Varaždin County. It should be borne in mind that for some parts or areas, especially those with dispersed individual construction, wastewater drainage cannot be solved through the public drainage system, but the solution is based on individual, basically personal operations (collecting and septic tanks). In this paper the sanitary protection zones of water supply sources for Varaždin County are described, in accordance with the laws and regulations. The aim of this paper is to provide appropriate instructions or guidelines for their protection and performance in order to minimize the possible negative impact on groundwater or the environment in the broader sense.

Thermodynamic evaporation and freshwater mixing models to test salinity proxies for late Pleistocene lake levels, Mono Lake, California

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Sahajpal ◽  
N. Gary Hemming ◽  
Ashaki A. Rouff ◽  
Sidney R. Hemming ◽  
Susan Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Mono Lake ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Mixing Models ◽  
Glacial Cycle ◽  
Evaporation Models ◽  
Wilson Creek Formation

ABSTRACT Times of higher paleolake levels in Mono Lake basin correspond to higher abundances of authigenic minerals such as calcite and Mg-smectite in the Wilson Creek Formation, the lake sediments exposed around the modern lake that represent the persistent wetter conditions of the last glacial cycle. It has been suggested that precipitation of these minerals in Mono Lake is controlled by the flux of water (surface and ground), which replenishes Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions in the lake. This water is subsequently depleted due to the high rates of evaporation in the Mono Basin, resulting in precipitation of calcite and Mg-smectite mineral phases. Thermodynamic evaporation models starting with Sierra Nevada spring water can simulate the chemical composition of Mono Lake remarkably well. These models do not, however, consider the mixing of freshwaters in the lake that is hypothesized to result in precipitation of calcite and Mg-smectite. Here, we present the results of our empirical evaporation and mixing (E&M) model using simple thermodynamic approaches. Although this model is highly simplified, it provides a valuable test of the hypothesis.

scholarly journals Desalinated and/or recycled water as abstraction source for drinking water supply in 2014

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Recycled Water

Data is given as the percentage of water abstracted for drinking supply that comes from desalination of marine water and/or from recycled water. Other abstraction sources include: groundwater, spring water, surface water, and imported water. Drinking water Supply Use/Reuse

scholarly journals Groundwater as abstraction source for drinking water supply in 2014

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloé Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Drinking Water Supply ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction

Data is given as the percentage of water abstracted for drinking supply that comes from groundwater. Abstraction sources include: groundwater, spring water, surface water, other sources and imported water. Drinking water Groundwater Supply

Immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in positively stained frozen sections

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-169
Author(s):  
K. T. Tokuyasu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ultrathin Frozen Sections ◽  
Definition Of

During the past investigations of immunoferritin localization of intracellular antigens in ultrathin frozen sections, we found that the degree of negative staining required to delineate u1trastructural details was often too dense for the recognition of ferritin particles. The quality of positive staining of ultrathin frozen sections, on the other hand, has generally been far inferior to that attainable in conventional plastic embedded sections, particularly in the definition of membranes. As we discussed before, a main cause of this difficulty seemed to be the vulnerability of frozen sections to the damaging effects of air-water surface tension at the time of drying of the sections.Indeed, we found that the quality of positive staining is greatly improved when positively stained frozen sections are protected against the effects of surface tension by embedding them in thin layers of mechanically stable materials at the time of drying (unpublished).

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