scholarly journals Spatial Variation of Genetic Diversity in Drosophila Species from Two Different South American Environments

10.5772/32971 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana P. B. Machado ◽  
Daniele C. ◽  
Daiane P. ◽  
Rogrio P.
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
South American

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and kinship relationships in one of the largest South American fur seal ( Arctocephalus australis ) populations of the Pacific Ocean

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josefina Gutiérrez ◽  
Mauricio Seguel ◽  
Pablo Saenz‐Agudelo ◽  
Gerardo Acosta‐Jamett ◽  
Claudio Verdugo
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
South American ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fur Seal ◽  
The Pacific Ocean

scholarly journals European and Asian contribution to the genetic diversity of mainland South American chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 191558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael B. Herrera ◽  
Spiridoula Kraitsek ◽  
Jose A. Alcalde ◽  
Daniel Quiroz ◽  
Herman Revelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
South America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Control Region ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Mitochondrial Control Region ◽  
South American ◽  
Island Southeast Asia ◽  
The Pacific

Chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) from the Americas have long been recognized as descendants of European chickens, transported by early Europeans since the fifteenth century. However, in recent years, a possible pre-Columbian introduction of chickens to South America by Polynesian seafarers has also been suggested. Here, we characterize the mitochondrial control region genetic diversity of modern chicken populations from South America and compare this to a worldwide dataset in order to investigate the potential maternal genetic origin of modern-day chicken populations in South America. The genetic analysis of newly generated chicken mitochondrial control region sequences from South America showed that the majority of chickens from the continent belong to mitochondrial haplogroup E. The rest belongs to haplogroups A, B and C, albeit at very low levels. Haplogroup D, a ubiquitous mitochondrial lineage in Island Southeast Asia and on Pacific Islands is not observed in continental South America. Modern-day mainland South American chickens are, therefore, closely allied with European and Asian chickens. Furthermore, we find high levels of genetic contributions from South Asian chickens to those in Europe and South America. Our findings demonstrate that modern-day genetic diversity of mainland South American chickens appear to have clear European and Asian contributions, and less so from Island Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. Furthermore, there is also some indication that South Asia has more genetic contribution to European chickens than any other Asian chicken populations.

scholarly journals Analysis of Hantavirus Genetic Diversity in Argentina: S Segment-Derived Phylogeny

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 3765-3773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene C. Bohlman ◽  
Sergey P. Morzunov ◽  
John Meissner ◽  
Mary Beth Taylor ◽  
Kimiko Ishibashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
South American ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Andes Virus ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
The Common ◽  
High Level ◽  
Virus Strains

ABSTRACT Nucleotide sequences were determined for the complete S genome segments of the six distinct hantavirus genotypes from Argentina and for two cell culture-isolated Andes virus strains from Chile. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that, although divergent from each other, all Argentinian hantavirus genotypes group together and form a novel phylogenetic clade with the Andes virus. The previously characterized South American hantaviruses Laguna Negra virus and Rio Mamore virus make up another clade that originates from the same ancestral node as the Argentinian/Chilean viruses. Within the clade of Argentinian/Chilean viruses, three subclades can be defined, although the branching order is somewhat obscure. These are made of (i) “Lechiguanas-like” virus genotypes, (ii) Maciel virus and Pergamino virus genotypes, and (iii) strains of the Andes virus. Two hantavirus genotypes from Brazil, Araraquara and Castello dos Sonhos, were found to group with Maciel virus and Andes virus, respectively. The nucleocapsid protein amino acid sequence variability among the members of the Argentinian/Chilean clade does not exceed 5.8%. It is especially low (3.5%) among oryzomyine species-associated virus genotypes, suggesting recent divergence from the common ancestor. Interestingly, the Maciel and Pergamino viruses fit well with the rest of the clade although their hosts are akodontine rodents. Taken together, these data suggest that under conditions in which potential hosts display a high level of genetic diversity and are sympatric, host switching may play a prominent role in establishing hantavirus genetic diversity. However, cospeciation still remains the dominant factor in the evolution of hantaviruses.

scholarly journals Comparing genetic diversity and demographic history in co-distributed wild South American camelids

Heredity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Casey ◽  
P. Orozco-terWengel ◽  
K. Yaya ◽  
M. Kadwell ◽  
M. Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
South American ◽  
South American Camelids

scholarly journals Interspecific Genetic Differences and Historical Demography in South American Arowanas (Osteoglossiformes, Osteoglossidae, Osteoglossum)

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souza ◽  
Perez ◽  
Bertollo ◽  
Oliveira ◽  
Lavoué ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
South American ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Demographic Models ◽  
Snp Data

The South American arowanas (Osteoglossiformes, Osteoglossidae, Osteoglossum) are emblematic species widely distributed in the Amazon and surrounding basins. Arowana species are under strong anthropogenic pressure as they are extensively exploited for ornamental and food purposes. Until now, limited genetic and cytogenetic information has been available, with only a few studies reporting to their genetic diversity and population structure. In the present study, cytogenetic and DArTseq-derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data were used to investigate the genetic diversity of the two Osteoglossum species, the silver arowana O. bicirrhosum, and the black arowana O. ferreirai. Both species differ in their 2n (with 2n = 54 and 56 for O. ferreirai and O. bicirrhosum, respectively) and in the composition and distribution of their repetitive DNA content, consistent with their taxonomic status as different species. Our genetic dataset was coupled with contemporary and paleogeographic niche modeling, to develop concurrent demographic models that were tested against each other with a deep learning approach in O. bicirrhosum. Our genetic results reveal that O. bicirrhosum colonized the Tocantins-Araguaia basin from the Amazon basin about one million years ago. In addition, we highlighted a higher genetic diversity of O. bicirrhosum in the Amazon populations in comparison to those from the Tocantins-Araguaia basin.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Geophagus brasiliensis from the South American Atlantic Rainforest

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e433-e434 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Azevedo ◽  
A. Bitencourt ◽  
D.A. Silva ◽  
A. Amorim ◽  
R. Mazzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Geophagus Brasiliensis

Implications of farmers’ seed exchanges for on-farm conservation of quinoa, as revealed by its genetic diversity in Chile

2012 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. FUENTES ◽  
D. BAZILE ◽  
A. BHARGAVA ◽  
E. A. MARTÍNEZ
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
South American ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
On Farm Conservation ◽  
Genetic Structure And Diversity ◽  
On Farm

SUMMARYQuinoa cultivation in Chile presents an ancient and active complex of geographic, climatic, social and cultural interactions that has determined its current biodiversity in the three main growing zones (north, central and south). Importantly, these interactions involve the participation of farmers, whose activities are at the base of seed exchange networks due to their knowledge andin situconservation of genetic diversity. The present study reports how a better understanding of farmers’ seed exchanges and local production practices could impact the genetic structure and diversity of quinoa at national scale in Chile. Using field interviews and characterization of 20 microsatellite genetic markers in a multi-origin set of 34 quinoa accessions representative of Chile and the South American region, the phenetic analysis of germplasm was consistent with the current classification of quinoa ecotypes present in Chile and Andean zone. This allowed the identification of five populations, which were represented by quinoa of Salares (northern Chile), Coastal/Lowlands (central and southern Chile), Highlands (Peru, Bolivia and Argentina) and Inter-Andean Valleys (Ecuador and Colombia). The highly informative quality of the markers used revealed a wide genetic diversity among main growing areas in Chile, which correlated well with natural geographical–edaphic–climatic and social–linguistic context to the expansion of quinoa biodiversity. Additionally, in addition to ancient seed exchanges, this process is still governed by the diverse agricultural practices of Andean farmers. Genetic erosion is considered an imminent risk due to small-scale farming, where the influence of increased migration of people to urban systems and export-driven changes to the agro-ecosystems may further reduce the diversity of quinoa plants in cultivation.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance of clinical and environmental Vibrio cholerae suggests that many serogroups are reservoirs of resistance

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 985-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. CAMPOS ◽  
V. ZAHNER ◽  
K. E. S. AVELAR ◽  
R. M. ALVES ◽  
D. S. G. PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Enzyme Electrophoresis ◽  
South American ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
Close Genetic Relationship

Vibrio cholerae is an important human pathogen and the cause of cholera. Since genetic variation and antibiotic resistance of strains have implications for effective treatment of the disease, we examined the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance profile in 92 clinical strains (serogroup O1) and 56 environmental strains (O1 antigen, 42 strains; non-O1 antigen, 14 strains) isolated in Brazil between 1991 and 1999. Clinical and environmental O1 strains showed greater drug resistance compared to environmental non-O1 strains. Nearly all clinical O1 strains were resistant to one or more antibiotics while half of the environmental O1 and non-O1 strains were resistant to one or more antibiotics. No plasmids or class 1 integrons were detected in the strains by PCR analysis. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis analysis (MLEE) suggests most of the O1 strains belong to a single (South American) clone that is related but different to seventh-pandemic strains isolated from other parts of the world. Our results show that there is a close genetic relationship between clinical and environmental O1 strains and that many serogroups and the environment can be a reservoir for antibiotic resistance.

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