scholarly journals Neural Stem Cells from Mammalian Brain: Isolation Protocols and Maintenance Conditions

10.5772/32766 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Oliver-De la Cruz ◽  
Angel Ayuso-Sacido
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Mammalian Brain

scholarly journals The Strange Case of Jekyll and Hyde: Parallels Between Neural Stem Cells and Glioblastoma-Initiating Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bakhshinyan ◽  
Neil Savage ◽  
Sabra Khalid Salim ◽  
Chitra Venugopal ◽  
Sheila K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Multipotent Differentiation ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
Divergent Behavior ◽  
Genetic Profiles

During embryonic development, radial glial precursor cells give rise to neural lineages, and a small proportion persist in the adult mammalian brain to contribute to long-term neuroplasticity. Neural stem cells (NSCs) reside in two neurogenic niches of the adult brain, the hippocampus and the subventricular zone (SVZ). NSCs in the SVZ are endowed with the defining stem cell properties of self-renewal and multipotent differentiation, which are maintained by intrinsic cellular programs, and extrinsic cellular and niche-specific interactions. In glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary malignant brain cancer, a subpopulation of cells termed glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) exhibit similar stem-like properties. While there is an extensive overlap between NSCs and GSCs in function, distinct genetic profiles, transcriptional programs, and external environmental cues influence their divergent behavior. This review highlights the similarities and differences between GSCs and SVZ NSCs in terms of their gene expression, regulatory molecular pathways, niche organization, metabolic programs, and current therapies designed to exploit these differences.

scholarly journals Composition and Organization of the SCZ: A Large Germinal Layer Containing Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Mammalian Brain

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. i103-i111 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Seri ◽  
D.G. Herrera ◽  
A. Gritti ◽  
S. Ferron ◽  
L. Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Germinal Layer ◽  
Adult Mammalian Brain

A vascular niche factor for neural stem cells of the mammalian brain

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. e51
Author(s):  
Jun Namiki ◽  
Sayuri Suzuki ◽  
Shinsuke Shibata ◽  
Yumi Matsuzaki ◽  
Hideyuki Okano
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Vascular Niche ◽  
Niche Factor

scholarly journals Structural plasticity of neural stem cells in mammalian brain development

IBRO Reports ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. S7
Author(s):  
Fumio Matsuzaki ◽  
Ikumi Fujita ◽  
Atsunori Shitamukai ◽  
Fumiya Kusumoto ◽  
Shun Mase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Structural Plasticity ◽  
Mammalian Brain

scholarly journals Primitive Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Mammalian Brain Give Rise to GFAP-Expressing Neural Stem Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 810-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Sachewsky ◽  
Rachel Leeder ◽  
Wenjun Xu ◽  
Keeley L. Rose ◽  
Fenggang Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Adult Mammalian Brain

scholarly journals Author Correction: BASP1 labels neural stem cells in the neurogenic niches of mammalian brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis N. Manganas ◽  
Irene Durá ◽  
Sivan Osenberg ◽  
Fatih Semerci ◽  
Mehmet Tosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Mammalian Brain

scholarly journals Transcriptomic analysis of loss of Gli1 in neural stem cells responding to demyelination in the mouse brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayshree Samanta ◽  
James L. Salzer
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Transcriptomic Analysis ◽  
Demyelinating Diseases ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Pharmacologic Inhibition ◽  
Adult Mammalian Brain

ABSTRACTIn the adult mammalian brain, Gli1 expressing neural stem cells reside in the subventricular zone and their progeny are recruited to sites of demyelination in the white matter where they regenerate oligodendrocytes, the myelin forming cells. Remarkably, genetic loss or pharmacologic inhibition of Gli1 enhances the efficacy of remyelination by these neural stem cells. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of this Gli1-pool of neural stem cells. We compared murine NSCs with either intact or deficient Gli1 expression from adult mice on a control diet or on a cuprizone diet to induce widespread demyelination. These data will be a valuable resource for identifying therapeutic targets for enhancing remyelination in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals In vitro and in vivo CRISPR-Cas9 screens reveal drivers of aging in neural stem cells of the brain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyson J Ruetz ◽  
Chloe M Kashiwagi ◽  
Bhek Morton ◽  
Robin W Yeo ◽  
Dena S Leeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Gene Knockouts ◽  
Old Mice

Aging impairs the ability of neural stem cells to transition from quiescence to activation (proliferation) in the adult mammalian brain. Neural stem cell (NSC) functional decline results in decreased production of new neurons and defective regeneration upon injury during aging, and this is exacerbated in Alzheimer's disease. Many genes are upregulated with age in NSCs, and the knockout of some of these boosts old NSC activation and rejuvenates aspects of old brain function. But systematic functional testing of genes in old NSCs - and more generally in old cells - has not been done. This has been a major limiting factor in identifying the most promising rejuvenation interventions. Here we develop in vitro and in vivo high-throughput CRISPR-Cas9 screening platforms to systematically uncover gene knockouts that boost NSC activation in old mice. Our genome-wide screening pipeline in primary cultures of young and old NSCs identifies over 300 gene knockouts that specifically restore old NSC activation. Interestingly, the top gene knockouts are involved in glucose import, cilium organization and ribonucleoprotein structures. To determine which gene knockouts have a rejuvenating effect for the aging brain, we establish a scalable CRISPR-Cas9 screening platform in vivo in old mice. Of the 50 gene knockouts we tested in vivo, 23 boost old NSC activation and production of new neurons in old brains. Notably, the knockout of Slc2a4, which encodes for the GLUT4 glucose transporter, is a top rejuvenating intervention for old NSCs. GLUT4 protein expression increases in the stem cell niche during aging, and we show that old NSCs indeed uptake ~2-fold more glucose than their young counterparts. Transient glucose starvation increases the ability of old NSCs to activate, which is not further improved by knockout of Slc2a4/GLUT4. Together, these results indicate that a shift in glucose uptake contributes to the decline in NSC activation with age, but that it can be reversed by genetic or external interventions. Importantly, our work provides scalable platforms to systematically identify genetic interventions that boost old NSC function, including in vivo in old brains, with important implications for regenerative and cognitive decline during aging.

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