scholarly journals Uncertainties and Risk Analysis Related to Geohazards: From Practical Applications to Research Trends

10.5772/31877 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier Deck ◽  
Thierry Verdel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Practical Applications

Dam ageing diagnosis and risk analysis: Development of methods to support expert judgment

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Peyras ◽  
Paul Royet ◽  
Daniel Boissier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Graph Representation ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Knowledge Database ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Dam Stability ◽  
Fmea Method

Diagnosis and risk analysis are essential to ensure the safety of dams. Dam specialist engineers have useful methods available to help them in their task: physical modelling for assessing dam stability, statistical analysis of dam monitoring data, and, more recently, functional modelling for operational safety analysis. However, an expert's judgment is necessary when the works are complex and unique, when data are imprecise or insufficient, and when preliminary diagnosis or detailed analysis are being made. Using their experience and knowledge, dam specialist engineers are able to provide recommendations to address specific problems. The authors propose methods to support expert diagnosis and risk analysis that capitalize on the expert's knowledge and feedback. Their approach is threefold: (i) an ageing functional model based on the failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method using a causal graph representation of ageing scenarios leading to loss of functions; (ii) a qualitative method of describing dam ageing historical data and representing trends in performance loss; and (iii) qualitative methods to assess the risk of performance loss of dams and their components. In terms of practical applications, our research has produced a knowledge database on dam mechanisms. Also, an ageing historical database was compiled from dams that have experienced deterioration. Finally, we are developing computer aids to assist engineers in diagnosis and risk analysis tasks.Key words: dam, diagnosis, risk analysis, ageing, criticality.

scholarly journals Recent Research Trends for Improving the Stability of Organo/Inorgano Halide Perovskites

2022 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Myeong Jin Seol ◽  
Jeong Woo Han ◽  
Seung Hwan Hwang ◽  
Soo Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ligand Exchange ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Halide Perovskites ◽  
Core Shell Structure ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Lead Halide

Because of their superior optical, and electrical properties, lead halide perovskites have emerged as potential materials for light-emitting-diodes. However, some obstacles have yet to be overcome for practical applications including low exciton binding energy, the difficulty of fabricating uniform perovskite films,, and their instability to heat, light, and moisture. In this review, we focus on strategies to improve the lifetime, and stability of perovskites such as core-shell structure, ligand exchange, and doping.

scholarly journals Validation of Dynamic Risk Analysis Supporting Integrated Operations Across Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 6745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenae Lee ◽  
Gabriele Landucci ◽  
Genserik Reniers ◽  
Nicola Paltrinieri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Work Processes ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Dynamic Risk ◽  
Integrated Operations

Dynamic risk analysis (DRA) is a novel industrial approach that aims to capture changes in operational conditions over time and quantify their effect on risk. This aspect may be advantageous for providing insight into the causal factors that have substantial risk contributions and supporting decisions related to risk control. Some DRA methods were developed by the oil and gas industry to support the integration of work processes and the cooperation across virtual clusters, e.g., between offshore and onshore systems and/or oil company and supplier. However, DRA has not been extensively adopted and limited attention is given to its validity in practical applications. The objective of this article is to illustrate how this validity can be established based on common validation approaches for risk analysis. The case study focuses on a DRA method named risk barometer that was developed to support integrated operations across the oil and gas industrial systems. The outcome of this study may serve as a basis for the validation of other DRA methods, the use of DRA in practical cases, and ultimately the achievement of integrated operations (IO) capabilities.

Tribology research trends in Italy

2009 ◽  
Vol 223 (8) ◽  
pp. 1091-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Ciulli
Keyword(s):  
Research Trends ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Sliding Bearings ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Basic Studies ◽  
Research Centres

This article furnishes a survey of recent investigations and of the current tribology research trends in Italy. Several topics related to tribology are investigated in several different departments of universities, research centres, and industries. Some basic studies on friction and lubrication at the atomic-scale level are also reported. A big effort is addressed to researches on surface topography, contact mechanics aspects, and particularly on surface coatings and treatments. Indentation and scratching techniques are used for the characterization of both coatings and bulk materials down to the nanoscale. Mechanical characterization of materials and mat- erial processing involve tribological aspects too. Investigations on the wear behaviour of different materials for applications in the field of biotribology are also being carried out. The increasing interest of the industrial world in tribological problems is producing a lot of collaborations among universities, research centres, and industries. Several tribological components and practical applications are investigated, such as lubricated sliding bearings, gas and magnetic bearings, gears, sealing systems, and automotive and rail components. Investigations are often completed by diagnostic studies for monitoring or maintenance purposes.

scholarly journals An approach to the implementation of European Directive 2007/60/EC on flood risk management in the Czech Republic

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1977-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Dráb ◽  
J. Říha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Flood Risk Analysis

Abstract. Directive 2007/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2007 on the assessment and management of flood risks (the Flood Risk Directive) signifies that flood risk analysis methods are gaining ground in EC Member States and, therefore, also in the Czech Republic (CR). Procedures of flood risk analysis have been developed in the Czech Republic since the catastrophic floods of 1997 in line with European and worldwide trends and have been tested and applied in hundreds of case studies to date. Currently, the Flood Risk Directive Guideline based on past experience with flood risk analysis applications is being processed. The aim of the paper is to present flood risk analysis procedures and specially developed techniques for the assembly of flood hazard, danger and flood risk maps. Methods related to flood risk management plans are briefly mentioned as well. The following particular problems are discussed in more detail: an application and extension of the "danger matrix" approach, the definition of residual danger, the formulation of efficiency criteria and preliminary multi-criteria flood risk assessment. These issues were tested in practical applications at pilot locations in the Czech Republic. Present experience provides evidence that the flood risk analysis methods used in the Czech Republic are in harmony with the requirements of the Flood Risk Directive. The proposed and applied methods are based primarily on existing available data such as flood extent maps, cadastral maps, the Register of Census Districts and Structures and others.

scholarly journals A GIS based urban flood risk analysis model for vulnerability assessment of critical structures during flood emergencies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 2405-2441
Author(s):  
R. Albano ◽  
A. Sole ◽  
J. Adamowski ◽  
L. Mancusi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Flood Risk Analysis

Abstract. Risk analysis has become a priority for authorities and stakeholders in many European countries, with the aim of reducing flooding risk by considering the priority and benefits of possible interventions. Within this context, a flood risk analysis model was developed in this study that is based on GIS, and integrated with a model that assesses the degree of accessibility and operability of strategic emergency response structures in an urban area. The proposed model is unique in that it provides a quantitative estimation of flood risk on the basis of the operability of the strategic emergency structures in an urban area, their accessibility, and connection within the urban system of a city (i.e., connection between aid centres and buildings at risk) in the emergency phase. The results of a case study in the Puglia Region in Southern Italy are described to illustrate the practical applications of this newly proposed approach. The main advantage of the proposed approach is that it allows for the defining of a hierarchy between different infrastructures in the urban area through the identification of particular components whose operation and efficiency are critical for emergency management. This information can be used by decision makers to prioritize risk reduction interventions in flood emergencies in urban areas.

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