scholarly journals Autologous Macrophages Genetically Modified by Ex Vivo Electroporation and Inserted by Lumbar Puncture Migrate and Concentrate in Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue: A Safe and Easy Gene Transfer Method for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury

Spine Surgery ◽  
10.5772/31533 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadanori Ogata ◽  
Tadao Morino ◽  
Hideki Horiuchi ◽  
Masayuki Hino ◽  
Gotaro Yamaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Transfer Method ◽  
Gene Transfer Method

scholarly journals Recombinant Adenoviruses for Delivery of Therapeutics Following Spinal Cord Injury

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasiia O. Sosnovtseva ◽  
Olga V. Stepanova ◽  
Aleksei A. Stepanenko ◽  
Anastasia D. Voronova ◽  
Andrey V. Chadin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Popular Approach ◽  
Cord Injury

The regeneration of nerve tissue after spinal cord injury is a complex and poorly understood process. Medication and surgery are not very effective treatments for patients with spinal cord injuries. Gene therapy is a popular approach for the treatment of such patients. The delivery of therapeutic genes is carried out in a variety of ways, such as direct injection of therapeutic vectors at the site of injury, retrograde delivery of vectors, and ex vivo therapy using various cells. Recombinant adenoviruses are often used as vectors for gene transfer. This review discusses the advantages, limitations and prospects of adenovectors in spinal cord injury therapy.

Spinal Cord Tissue Bridges Validation Study: Predictive Relationships With Sensory Scores Following Cervical Spinal Cord Injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Smith ◽  
Denise R. O’Dell ◽  
Wesley A. Thornton ◽  
David Dungan ◽  
Eli Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Light Touch ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Predictive Relationships

Background: Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), widths of ventral tissue bridges demonstrated significant predictive relationships with future pinprick sensory scores, and widths of dorsal tissue bridges demonstrated significant predictive relationships with future light touch sensory scores, following spinal cord injury (SCI). These studies involved smaller participant numbers, and external validation of their findings is warranted. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to validate these previous findings using a larger independent data set. Methods: Widths of ventral and dorsal tissue bridges were quantified using MRI in persons post cervical level SCI (average 3.7 weeks post injury), and pinprick and light touch sensory scores were acquired at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation (average 14.3 weeks post injury). Pearson product-moments were calculated and linear regression models were created from these data. Results: Wider ventral tissue bridges were significantly correlated with pinprick scores (r = 0.31, p < 0.001, N = 136) and wider dorsal tissue bridges were significantly correlated with light touch scores (r = 0.31, p < 0.001, N = 136) at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusion: This retrospective study’s results provide external validation of previous findings, using a larger sample size. Following SCI, ventral tissue bridges hold significant predictive relationships with future pinprick sensory scores and dorsal tissue bridges hold significant predictive relationships with future light touch sensory scores.

scholarly journals Cell viability in three ex vivo rat models of spinal cord injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azim Patar ◽  
Peter Dockery ◽  
Linda Howard ◽  
Siobhan S. McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals METHODS OF PHYSIOTHERAPY FOR STUDY IN A SPINAL INSULT

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2565-2566
Author(s):  
Daniela Popova ◽  
Mariela Filipova
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Young People ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Muscle Spasm ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Blood Diseases ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Ischemic Spinal Cord Injury

Spinal stroke is a disease that is rare in neurological practice. Affects young people, mostly at the age of 30 years [2]. It may be ischemic or haemorrhagic. Etiological, ischemic spinal stroke is caused by atherosclerosis of the aorta and blood vessels of the spinal cord, muscle spasm, vasculitis, pregnancy, hemangioma or hernia [3, 4]. Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by dysplasia, tumors and blood diseases involving increased bleeding [1]. Spinal infarction most commonly develops in the basal spinal artery pool, which is responsible for the blood supply of the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord tissue. Often, the disease starts with a sudden back pain with an enigmatic nature (in the area of the thoracic segment - Th 8), a gradually occurring weakness in the limbs and hypestesia, pelvic-tangle disorders [5]. The gait is very difficult to impossible.Purpose of the study: To test neurological tests in patients with spinal ischemic spinal cord injury. Assess their accessibility and reliability.

scholarly journals Combination of epidural electrical stimulation with ex vivo triple gene therapy for spinal cord injury: a proof of principle study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
HyunJoon Lee ◽  
RustemRobertovich Islamov ◽  
FilipOlegovich Fadeev ◽  
FaridVagizovich Bashirov ◽  
VaheArshaluysovich Markosyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Proof Of Principle

Inhibition of x-irradiation–enhanced locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury by hyperbaric oxygen or the antioxidant nitroxide tempol

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virany H. Hillard ◽  
Hong Peng ◽  
Kaushik Das ◽  
Raj Murali ◽  
Chitti R. Moorthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Irradiation Site ◽  
Injury Site ◽  
Locomotor Recovery ◽  
Locomotor Function ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
X Irradiation

Object Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), the nitroxide antioxidant tempol, and x-irradiation have been used to promote locomotor recovery in experimental models of spinal cord injury. The authors used x-irradiation of the injury site together with either HBO or tempol to determine whether combined therapy offers greater benefit to rats. Methods Contusion injury was produced with a weight-drop device in rats at the T-10 level, and recovery was determined using the 21-point Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor scale. Locomotor function recovered progressively during the 6-week postinjury observation period and was significantly greater after x-irradiation (20 Gy) of the injury site or treatment with tempol (275 mg/kg intraperitoneally) than in untreated rats (final BBB Scores 10.6 [x-irradiation treated] and 9.1 [tempol treated] compared with 6.4 [untreated], p < 0.05). Recovery was not significantly improved by HBO (2 atm for 1 hour [BBB Score 8.2, p > 0.05]). Interestingly, the improved recovery of locomotor function after x-irradiation, in contrast with antiproliferative radiotherapy for neoplasia, was inhibited when used together with either HBO or tempol (BBB Scores 8.2 and 8.3, respectively). The ability of tempol to block enhanced locomotor recovery by x-irradiation was accompanied by prevention of alopecia at the irradiation site. The extent of locomotor recovery following treatment with tempol, HBO, and x-irradiation correlated with measurements of spared spinal cord tissue at the contusion epicenter. Conclusions These results suggest that these treatments, when used alone, can activate neuroprotective mechanisms but, in combination, may result in neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals Pharmacological, Cell, and Gene Therapy Strategies to Promote Spinal Cord Regeneration

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 593-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bas Blits ◽  
Gerard J. Boer ◽  
Joost Verhaagen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Neuronal Survival ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Injured Spinal Cord

In this review, recent studies using pharmacological treatment, cell transplantation, and gene therapy to promote regeneration of the injured spinal cord in animal models will be summarized. Pharmacological and cell transplantation treatments generally revealed some degree of effect on the regeneration of the injured ascending and descending tracts, but further improvements to achieve a more significant functional recovery are necessary. The use of gene therapy to promote repair of the injured nervous system is a relatively new concept. It is based on the development of methods for delivering therapeutic genes to neurons, glia cells, or nonneural cells. Direct in vivo gene transfer or gene transfer in combination with (neuro)transplantation (ex vivo gene transfer) appeared powerful strategies to promote neuronal survival and axonal regrowth following traumatic injury to the central nervous system. Recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms that govern neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth have enabled the design of experiments aimed at viral vector-mediated transfer of genes encoding neurotrophic factors, growth-associated proteins, cell adhesion molecules, and antiapoptotic genes. Central to the success of these approaches was the development of efficient, nontoxic vectors for gene delivery and the acquirement of the appropriate (genetically modified) cells for neurotransplantation. Direct gene transfer in the nervous system was first achieved with herpes viral and E1-deleted adenoviral vectors. Both vector systems are problematic in that these vectors elicit immunogenic and cytotoxic responses. Adeno-associated viral vectors and lentiviral vectors constitute improved gene delivery systems and are beginning to be applied in neuroregeneration research of the spinal cord. Ex vivo approaches were initially based on the implantation of genetically modified fibroblasts. More recently, transduced Schwann cells, genetically modified pieces of peripheral nerve, and olfactory ensheathing glia have been used as implants into the injured spinal cord.

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