scholarly journals Assessment of Neuroinflammation in Transferred EAE Via a Translocator Protein Ligand

10.5772/31310 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mattner ◽  
M. Staykova ◽  
P. Callaghan ◽  
P. Berghofer ◽  
P. Ballantyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Translocator Protein

Heterogeneity of Microglia Phenotypes: Developmental, Functional and Some Therapeutic Considerations

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (21) ◽  
pp. 2375-2393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Yuan ◽  
Chunyun Wu ◽  
Eng-Ang Ling
Keyword(s):  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
Trophic Factors ◽  
Microglial Cells ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Activated Microglia ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
M2 Microglia

Background: Microglia play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis in complex brain environment. They first exist as amoeboid microglial cells (AMCs) in the developing brain, but with brain maturation, they transform into ramified microglial cells (RMCs). In pathological conditions, microglia are activated and have been classified into M1 and M2 phenotypes. The roles of AMCs, RMCs and M1/M2 microglia phenotypes especially in pathological conditions have been the focus of many recent studies. Methods: Here, we review the early development of the AMCs and RMCs and discuss their specific functions with reference to their anatomic locations, immunochemical coding etc. M1 and M2 microglia phenotypes in different neuropathological conditions are also reviewed. Results: Activated microglia are engaged in phagocytosis, production of proinflammatory mediators, trophic factors and synaptogenesis etc. Prolonged microglia activation, however, can cause damage to neurons and oligodendrocytes. The M1 and M2 phenotypes featured prominently in pathological conditions are discussed in depth. Experimental evidence suggests that microglia phenotype is being modulated by multiple factors including external and internal stimuli, local demands, epigenetic regulation, and herbal compounds. Conclusion: Prevailing views converge that M2 polarization is neuroprotective. Thus, proper therapeutic designs including the use of anti-inflammatory drugs, herbal agents may be beneficial in suppression of microglial activation, especially M1 phenotype, for amelioration of neuroinflammation in different neuropathological conditions. Finally, recent development of radioligands targeting 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in activated microglia may hold great promises clinically for early detection of brain lesion with the positron emission tomography.

Preclinical Molecular Imaging of the Translocator Protein (TSPO) in a Metastases Model Based on Breast Cancer Xenografts Propagated in the Murine Brain

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-466
Author(s):  
Shelby K. Wyatt ◽  
H. Charles Manning ◽  
Mingfeng Bai ◽  
Moneeb Ehtesham ◽  
Khubaib Y. Mapara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Translocator Protein ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Murine Brain ◽  
Breast Cancer Xenografts

Translocator Protein (TSPO) in Breast Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mukherjee ◽  
S. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Translocator Protein

Structural and Functional Evolution of the Translocator Protein (18 kDa)

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fan ◽  
P. Lindemann ◽  
M. G.J. Feuilloley ◽  
V. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Translocator Protein ◽  
Functional Evolution ◽  
Translocator Protein 18 Kda
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