scholarly journals Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatases in Regenerative Myogenesis and Muscular Dystrophy

10.5772/30307 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Shi ◽  
Anton M.
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase: Conservation of a Three-Kinase Module From Yeast to Human

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN WIDMANN ◽  
SPENCER GIBSON ◽  
MATTHEW B. JARPE ◽  
GARY L. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Mapk Kinase ◽  
Mapk Pathways ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Sequential Activation

Widmann, Christian, Spencer Gibson, Matthew B. Jarpe, and Gary L. Johnson. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase: Conservation of a Three-Kinase Module From Yeast to Human. Physiol. Rev. 79: 143–180, 1999. — Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) are serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated by diverse stimuli ranging from cytokines, growth factors, neurotransmitters, hormones, cellular stress, and cell adherence. Mitogen-activated protein kinases are expressed in all eukaryotic cells. The basic assembly of MAPK pathways is a three-component module conserved from yeast to humans. The MAPK module includes three kinases that establish a sequential activation pathway comprising a MAPK kinase kinase (MKKK), MAPK kinase (MKK), and MAPK. Currently, there have been 14 MKKK, 7 MKK, and 12 MAPK identified in mammalian cells. The mammalian MAPK can be subdivided into five families: MAPKerk1/2, MAPKp38, MAPKjnk, MAPKerk3/4, and MAPKerk5. Each MAPK family has distinct biological functions. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, there are five MAPK pathways involved in mating, cell wall remodelling, nutrient deprivation, and responses to stress stimuli such as osmolarity changes. Component members of the yeast pathways have conserved counterparts in mammalian cells. The number of different MKKK in MAPK modules allows for the diversity of inputs capable of activating MAPK pathways. In this review, we define all known MAPK module kinases from yeast to humans, what is known about their regulation, defined MAPK substrates, and the function of MAPK in cell physiology.

scholarly journals Regulation of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases by Brucella spp. Expressing a Smooth and Rough Phenotype: Relationship to Pathogen Invasiveness

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 3178-3183 ◽  
Author(s):  
María P. Jiménez de Bagüés ◽  
Antoine Gross ◽  
Annie Terraza ◽  
Jacques Dornand
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Immune Intervention ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases ◽  
Mapk Pathways ◽  
Immune Mediators ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

ABSTRACT By comparing smooth wild-type Brucella spp. to their rough mutants, we show that the LPS O chain restricted the activation of the ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, thus preventing the synthesis of immune mediators that regulate host defense. We conclude that the MAPKs are a target for immune intervention by virulent smooth Brucella.

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