scholarly journals Management Strategies for Western Flower Thrips and the Role of Insecticides

10.5772/29355 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart R. ◽  
Joe Funderburk
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Flower Thrips

Virus Decline of Strawberry in California and the Role of Insect Vectors and Associated Viruses

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra K. Dara
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Trialeurodes Vaporariorum ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Insect Vectors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Disease Vector ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Purple Coloration

Greenhouse white fly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood); western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande); and strawberry aphid, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii (Cockerell), are common pests of strawberries in California and are vectors of one or more viruses. Most of the viruses transmitted by these vectors do not cause symptoms on strawberry when the infection occurs individually. However, when one of the viruses (Beet pseudoyellows virus or Strawberry pallidosis-associated virus) transmitted by T. vaporariorum is present along with one of the viruses transmitted by F. occidentalis, C. fragaefolii, or other sources, it results in a virus decline of strawberry, which can cause significant crop losses. Stunted root and plant growth, purple coloration of foliage, and dieback of the plant are some of the symptoms associated with virus decline. Increases in T. vaporariorum infestations during the past few years significantly elevated the risk of whitefly as a crop pest and a disease vector. This article reviews virus decline of strawberry, symptoms of infection, and the current status of insect vectors in California strawberries. Accepted for publication 17 November 2015. Published 20 November 2015.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pheromone Lure as Mass-Trapping Tools for Western Flower Thrips

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Dafina COVACI ◽  
Ion OLTEAN ◽  
Aurelia POP
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Pheromone Trap ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Headspace Volatiles ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Sternal Glands ◽  
Greenhouse Cucumber

Frankliniella occidentalis  (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) adult male has sternal glands whose role is to produce pheromones. It is known that there are two major components in the headspace volatiles of thrips adult male that are not present in the headspace volatiles of adult female. Those components, (R)-lavandulyl acetate and neryl (S)-2-methylbutanoate were synthesized for the first time in Romania by "Raluca Ripan" Institute for Research in Chemistry (Cluj-Napoca). We have tested a blend of those in the greenhouse cucumber ( Cucumis sativum ) crops of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine. Period study lasted in 4 weeks. Blue sticky traps were coated with insect glue on both surfaces and a rubber septum which contained the blend was attached in the center of a side of a trap. Two traps with pheromone lure and one trap without pheromone lure were hung up to a 20 cm distance from the tip of the plant. Both female and males were trapped. We observed a higher percentage of males on pheromone trap. Our data revealed that the total number of western flower thrips caught on pheromone traps ranged between 1537 and 1941 as compared with the total number of thrips caught on control trap (1333). According to our results we conclude that pheromone traps could be effective tools for F. occidentalis mass trapping and for the use in integrated pest management strategies.

Methyl isonicotinate – a non-pheromone thrips semiochemical – and its potential for pest management

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A.J. Teulon ◽  
M.M. Davidson ◽  
N.B. Perry ◽  
M.-C. Nielsen ◽  
C. Castañé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Carbonyl Compounds ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Mass Trapping ◽  
Onion Thrips ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

AbstractMethyl isonicotinate is one of several patented 4-pyridyl carbonyl compounds being investigated for a variety of uses in thrips pest management. It is probably the most extensively studied thrips non-pheromone semiochemical, with field and glasshouse trapping experiments, and wind tunnel and Y-tube olfactometer studies in several countries demonstrating a behavioural response that results in increased trap capture of at least 12 thrips species, including the cosmopolitan virus vectors such as western flower thrips and onion thrips. Methyl isonicotinate has several of the characteristics that are required for an effective semiochemical tool and is being mainly used as a lure in combination with coloured sticky traps for enhanced monitoring of thrips in greenhouses. Research indicates that this non-pheromone semiochemical has the potential to be used for other thrips management strategies such as mass trapping, lure and kill, lure and infect, and as a behavioural synergist in conjunction with insecticides, in a range of indoor and outdoor crops.

scholarly journals Behavioral Responses of Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) to Visual and Olfactory Cues at Short Distances

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyun Ren ◽  
Shengyong Wu ◽  
Zhenlong Xing ◽  
Ruirui Xu ◽  
Wanzhi Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cues ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Capture Rate ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Olfactory Cues ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Flower Shape ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Choice Tests

Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a highly invasive pest, infesting many species of plants worldwide, but few studies have investigated the visual and olfactory cues associated with their foraging behaviors. In this study, the distance traveled by WFT to locate yellow cards using only visual cues and visual cues plus olfactory cues was studied first. Subsequently, preferences for colors (white, red, green, purple, yellow and blue) and patterns (triangle, rectangle, circle and flower-shape) over short distances were assessed with free-choice tests. Finally, as yellow was the most efficient color to catch WFT under laboratory conditions, the yellow flower-shape was used as the visual cue, and preferences between visual and olfactory cues were evaluated with dual choice tests. The results showed that the capture rate of WFT by visual cues decreased as selection distance increased, however capture rate remained higher with the addition of olfactory cues. The flower shape attracted the greatest number of WFT among all shapes tested. The combination of visual cues and extracted volatiles from flowering Medicago sativa L. attracted higher numbers of WFT than to the olfactory cues alone, however these were similar to visual cues alone. The presence of olfactory cues resulted in higher residence times by WFT than did the absence of olfactory cues. These results show the relative effects of visual and olfactory cues on the orientation of WFT to hosts and highlight that visual cues dominate selection behavior at short distances. These findings can be used in the development of efficient trapping products and management strategies for thrips.

scholarly journals Transmission and the Role of Honeybees in Field Spread of Blueberry Shock Ilarvirus, a Pollen-Borne Virus of Highbush Blueberry

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Bristow ◽  
R. R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Cell Disruption ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Primary Mechanism ◽  
Trap Plants ◽  
Pollen Tetrad ◽  
Flower Visiting

The rapid and random spread of blueberry shock ilarvirus (BlShV) in commercial plantings suggested that insects played a role in transmission. Transmission from infected field plants to trap plants only occurred during bloom, indicating that flowers were the avenue for infection and flower-visiting insects including pollinators were involved. Trap plants readily became infected during bloom when a honeybee hive was included in cages with diseased field plants and trap plants. There was limited transmission in cages without a hive and no transmission when healthy field bushes were caged with trap plants either with or without honeybees. Infective pollen survived within the hive for 1 but not 2 weeks. Western flower thrips did not transmit BlShV when they were allowed to feed on caged flowering trap plants in the presence of a source of infected pollen. Results of pollen washes, cell disruption, and electron microscopy show that particles of BlShV were on, in, and between the cells of the pollen tetrad. Pollen from infected plants germinated as readily as pollen from healthy plants. BlShV was seedborne, but at a low level. All 42 cultivars tested were susceptible to BlShV when inoculated by grafting. The primary mechanism of transmission appears to be the transfer of BlShV-contaminated pollen by honeybees from flowers on infected plants to flowers on healthy plants.

scholarly journals Two-year Grower Survey of Western Flower Thrips and Tospovirus Incidence and Management in Maine Greenhouses

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 569e-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Stack ◽  
L.B. Stack ◽  
F.A. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
Western Flower Thrips ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Greenhouse Growers ◽  
Grower Survey

A mail survey of greenhouse growers was conducted in 1994 and 1995 to determine the presence and importance of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande, in Maine greenhouses in growing years 1993 and 1994. Respondents were licensed growers with at least 1000 ft2 (93 m2) of greenhouse growing area. The survey objectives were to develop a grower demographic profile; determine the incidence of WFT and two WFT-vectored plant viruses, tomato spotted wilt (TSWV) and impatiens necrotic spot (INSV); and identify current WFT management strategies. The survey shows that Maine greenhouse growers are seasonal, experienced and retail oriented. Their growing area averages less than 10,000 ft2 (929 m2) and they produce a diverse crop mix and choose to import production stock as much as propagate it themselves. Both WFT and TSWV/INSV have increased in severity in Maine greenhouses over the past 10 years. Larger, year-round greenhouses are more likely to experience infestations of WFT and higher virus incidence. An integrated pest management (IPM) strategy is employed by the majority of growers surveyed. Insecticide application is the primary tactic used to control WFT. Fewer than 4% of the growers use natural enemies to control thrips. However, 63% responded that future research in pest management should focus on biological control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document