scholarly journals The H19-IGF2 Role in Bladder Cancer Biology and DNA-Based Therapy

10.5772/29236 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imad Matouk ◽  
Naveh Evantal ◽  
Doron Amit ◽  
Patricia Ohana ◽  
Ofer Gofrit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology

scholarly journals Epigenomic and Metabolomic Integration Reveals Dynamic Metabolic Regulation in Bladder Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2719
Author(s):  
Alba Loras ◽  
Cristina Segovia ◽  
José Luis Ruiz-Cerdá
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Oncogenic Signaling ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive

Bladder cancer (BC) represents a clinical, social, and economic challenge due to tumor-intrinsic characteristics, limitations of diagnostic techniques and a lack of personalized treatments. In the last decade, the use of liquid biopsy has grown as a non-invasive approach to characterize tumors. Moreover, the emergence of omics has increased our knowledge of cancer biology and identified critical BC biomarkers. The rewiring between epigenetics and metabolism has been closely linked to tumor phenotype. Chromatin remodelers interact with each other to control gene silencing in BC, but also with stress-inducible factors or oncogenic signaling cascades to regulate metabolic reprogramming towards glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and lipogenesis. Concurrently, one-carbon metabolism supplies methyl groups to histone and DNA methyltransferases, leading to the hypermethylation and silencing of suppressor genes in BC. Conversely, α-KG and acetyl-CoA enhance the activity of histone demethylases and acetyl transferases, increasing gene expression, while succinate and fumarate have an inhibitory role. This review is the first to analyze the interplay between epigenome, metabolome and cell signaling pathways in BC, and shows how their regulation contributes to tumor development and progression. Moreover, it summarizes non-invasive biomarkers that could be applied in clinical practice to improve diagnosis, monitoring, prognosis and the therapeutic options in BC.

scholarly journals Intrinsic subtypes of high-grade bladder cancer reflect the hallmarks of breast cancer biology

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 3110-3115 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Damrauer ◽  
K. A. Hoadley ◽  
D. D. Chism ◽  
C. Fan ◽  
C. J. Tiganelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Intrinsic Subtypes

Advances in bladder cancer biology and therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Tran ◽  
Jin-Fen Xiao ◽  
Neeraj Agarwal ◽  
Jason E. Duex ◽  
Dan Theodorescu
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology

Evaluation of miR-146a Urinary Level as a Marker for Recurrence of Superficial Bladder Cancer after Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TUR-BT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-151
Author(s):  
Amany K. Shahat ◽  
Rabea G. Omar
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Normal Level ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Superficial Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Superficial Cancer

Background: The most prevalent malignancy affect the urinary system is bladder cancer which exhibits a markedly high recurrence rate. The level of urinary microRNA-146a (miR-146a) was significantly higher in superficial bladder cancer patients, and were decreased to normal range after transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TUR-BT). Its level was increased again if there is recurrence of the superficial bladder tumor diagnosed by follow up cystoscopy. miR-146 may be a clinically important marker for diagnosis and recurrence of superficial bladder cancer and is used instead of follow up operations as follow up cystoscopy for follow up of recurrence . Objective: our work aims to detect a simple, reliable and noninvasive diagnostic and surveillance methods for follow up of superficial bladder cancer. Methodology: The level of miR-146a in urine of 30 superficial bladder cancer patients was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay using voided urine samples before, after TUR-BT and after 3, 6,9,12 months of resection and compared with the result of follow up cystoscopy. Results: miR-146a was significantly increased in urine samples from patients with superficial cancer bladder than in those from the normal individuals (P <.000). Elevated urinary miR-146a levels in patients with bladder cancer were lowered to the normal level after TUR-BT and increased again in those who have tumor recurrence and remain in a normal level in those who have no recurrence after follow up for 3 ,6, 9,12 months after surgery(P=. 007, P=.000 respectively).Conclusion: Our study concluded that urinary miR-146a may be useful as a novel noninvasive diagnostic and follow up marker, anticancer agent or therapeutic target for superficial cancer bladder, also for increasing our knowledge of cancer biology.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of immune evasion in bladder cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Crispen ◽  
Sergei Kusmartsev
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy

AbstractWith the introduction of multiple new agents, the role of immunotherapy is rapidly expanding across all malignancies. Bladder cancer is known to be immunogenic and is responsive to immunotherapy including intravesical BCG and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Multiple trials have addressed the role of checkpoint inhibitors in advanced bladder cancer, including atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab (all targeting the PD1/PD-L1 pathway). While these trials have demonstrated promising results and improvements over existing therapies, less than half of patients with advanced disease demonstrate clinical benefit from checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Recent breakthroughs in cancer biology and immunology have led to an improved understanding of the influence of the tumor microenvironment on the host’s immune system. It appears that tumors promote the formation of highly immunosuppressive microenvironments preventing generation of effective anti-tumor immune response through multiple mechanisms. Therefore, reconditioning of the tumor microenvironment and restoration of the competent immune response is essential for achieving optimal efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we aim to discuss the major mechanisms of immune evasion in bladder cancer and highlight novel pathways and molecular targets that may help to attenuate tumor-induced immune tolerance, overcome resistance to immunotherapy and improve clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Urinary Bladder Cancer in Dogs, a Naturally Occurring Model for Cancer Biology and Drug Development

ILAR Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Knapp ◽  
J. A. Ramos-Vara ◽  
G. E. Moore ◽  
D. Dhawan ◽  
P. L. Bonney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
Naturally Occurring

scholarly journals Urine Telomerase for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Bladder Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Lamarca ◽  
Jorge Barriuso
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Noninvasive Diagnosis ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Urine Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnosis Method

Bladder cancer has increased incidence during last decades. For those patients with nonmuscle involved tumors, noninvasive diagnosis test and surveillance methods must be designed to avoid current cystoscopies that nowadays are done regularly in a lot of patients. Novel urine biomarkers have been developed during last years. Telomerase is important in cancer biology, improving the division capacity of cancer cells. Even urinary telomerase could be a potentially useful urinary tumor marker; its use for diagnosis of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients or its impact during surveillance is still unknown. Moreover, there will need to be uniformity and standardization in the assays before it can become useful in clinical practice. It does not seem to exist a real difference between the most classical assays for the detection of urine telomerase (TRAP and hTERT). However, the new detection methods with modified TeloTAGGG telomerase or with gold nanoparticles must also be taken into consideration for the correct development of this diagnosis method. Maybe the target population would be the high-risk groups within screening programs. To date there is no enough evidence to use it alone and to eliminate cystoscopies from the diagnosis and surveillance of these patients. The combination with cytology or FISH is still preferred.

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