scholarly journals Neuropathological Disorders and Calcium Independent Forms of Phospholipase A2 Activities in the Brain

10.5772/29193 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Allyson ◽  
Guy Massicotte
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
The Brain

Distribution of Secretory Phospholipase A2 XIIA in the Brain and its Role in Lipid Metabolism and Cognition

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sze-Min Ee ◽  
Yew-Long Lo ◽  
Guanghou Shui ◽  
Markus R. Wenk ◽  
Eun-Joo Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Secretory Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Secretory Phospholipase ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Entry of polyunsaturated fatty acids into the brain: evidence that high-density lipoprotein-induced methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine and phospholipase A2 are involved

1996 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valérie MAGRET ◽  
Latifa ELKHALIL ◽  
Françoise NAZIH-SANDERSON ◽  
Françoise MARTIN ◽  
Jean-Marie BOURRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
High Density ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) into phosphatidylcholine (PC) by a sequence of three transmethylation reactions is shown to be stimulated by the apolipoprotein E-free subclass of high-density lipoprotein (HDL3) in isolated bovine brain capillary (BBC) membranes. HDL3-induced stimulation of BBC membranes pulsed with [methyl-14C]methionine causes a transient increase in each methylated phospholipid, i.e. phosphatidyl-N-monomethylethanolamine (PMME), phosphatidyl-NN-dimethylethanolamine (PDME) and PC. PC substrate arising from the activation of PE N-methyltransferase (PEMT) is hydrolysed by a phospholipase A2 (PLA2), as demonstrated by the accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso-PC). When PE containing [14C]arachidonic acid in the sn-2 position ([14C]PAPE) is incorporated into BBC membranes, HDL3 stimulation induces the formation of PMME, PDME, PC and lyso-PC and the release of [14C]arachidonic acid, which correlates with the previous production of lyso-PC, suggesting that HDL3 stimulates a PLA2 that can release polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Both PEMT and PLA2 activities depend on a HDL3 concentration in the range 0–50 μg/ml and are strictly dependent on HDL3 binding, because HDL3 modified by tetranitromethane is no longer able to bind to specific receptors and to trigger PEMT and PLA2 activation. Moreover, HDL3 prelabelled with [14C]PAPE can stimulate PDME and lyso-PC synthesis in BBC membranes in the presence of S-adenosylmethionine, suggesting that HDL3 can supply BBC membranes in polyunsaturated PE and can activate enzymes involved in PE N-methylation and PUFA release. The results support the hypothesis of a close relationship between HDL3 binding, PE methylation and PUFA release, and suggest that the PC pool arising from PE could be used as a pathway for the supply of PUFA to the brain.

Arachidonic Acid Derivatives and Neuroinflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Era Gorica ◽  
Vincenzo Calderone
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Derivatives

: Neuroinflammation is characterized by dysregulated inflammatory responses localized within the brain and spinal cord. Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the onset of several neurodegenerative disorders and is considered a typical feature of these disorders. Microglia perform primary immune surveillance and macrophage-like activities within the central nervous system. Activated microglia are predominant players in the central nervous system response to damage related to stroke, trauma, and infection. Moreover, microglial activation per se leads to a proinflammatory response and oxidative stress. During the release of cytokines and chemokines, cyclooxygenases and phospholipase A2 are stimulated. Elevated levels of these compounds play a significant role in immune cell recruitment into the brain. Cyclic phospholipase A2 plays a fundamental role in the production of prostaglandins by releasing arachidonic acid. In turn, arachidonic acid is biotransformed through different routes into several mediators that are endowed with pivotal roles in the regulation of inflammatory processes. Some experimental models of neuroinflammation exhibit an increase in cyclic phospholipase A2, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins such as prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin D2, or prostacyclin. However, findings on the role of the prostacyclin receptors have revealed that their signalling suppresses Th2-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, other in vitro evidence suggests that prostaglandin E2 may inhibit the production of some inflammatory cytokines, attenuating inflammatory events such as mast cell degranulation or inflammatory leukotriene production. Based on these conflicting experimental data, the role of arachidonic acid derivatives in neuroinflammation remains a challenging issue.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Brain Biodistribution of the Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) Inhibitor [18F]GSK2647544 in Healthy Male Subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickael Huiban ◽  
Christopher Coello ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
Yanmei Xu ◽  
Yvonne Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
The Brain

The Effect of Antidepressants on Phospholipase A2 Activity in the Brain of Rats

1997 ◽  
pp. 1035-1038
Author(s):  
Andrzej Malecki ◽  
Krzysztof Kucia ◽  
Irena Krupka-Matuszczyk ◽  
Henryk I. Trzeciak
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Activity

Cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and lipid mediator release in the brain

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth M. Kramer ◽  
Diane T. Stephenson ◽  
Edda F. Roberts ◽  
James A. Clemens
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Mediator Release ◽  
Lipid Mediator ◽  
Cytosolic Phospholipase ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Association between PNPLA8 gene polymorphism and schizophrenia in male patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Qiong Yu ◽  
Yaqin Yu ◽  
Jieping Shi ◽  
Hong Sang
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Phospholipid Metabolism ◽  
Genotypic Frequency ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Calcium Independent Phospholipase A2 ◽  
The Brain

<p>Abnormal phospholipid metabolism in the brain plays an important role in neuropsychiatric diseases. Phospholipase A2 is crucial for maintaining normal neuro-physiological function. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between polymorphisms of the membrane-associated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 gamma (PNPLA8) gene and schizophrenia in Han Chinese in north China. The PCR-based ligase detection reaction was applied to detect 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PNPLA8 gene among 201 Chinese pedigrees. The genotypic frequency of the PNPLA8 polymorphisms did not deviate from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium both in affected offspring and parental groups. Haploid relative risk (HRR) and transmission disequilibrium tests (TDT) showed that the 3 SNPs were not associated with schizophrenia (<em>p</em>&gt;0.05), but further analysis with TDT showed that the rs40876 polymorphism was associated with schizophrenia in males (<em>χ<sup>2</sup></em>=4.667, <em>p</em>=0.031). Our data suggest that rs40876 in PNPLA8 may be associated with schizophrenia in males.</p><div> </div>

Effect of neuroleptics on phospholipase A2 activity in the brain of rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk I. Trzeciak ◽  
Władysław Kalaciński ◽  
Andrzej Małecki ◽  
Danuta Kokot
Keyword(s):  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Activity

Decreased phospholipase A2 activity in the brain and in platelets of patients with Alzheimer's disease

1996 ◽  
Vol 246 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Gattaz ◽  
H. Förstl ◽  
D. F. Braus ◽  
A. Maras ◽  
N. J. Cairns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Phospholipase A2 Activity
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document