scholarly journals Novel Challenges in Crystal Engineering: Polymorphs and New Crystal Forms of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

10.5772/28954 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vania Andre ◽  
M. Teresa
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Crystal Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients

CO-CRYSTALLIZATION: TECHNIQUE FOR IMPROVEMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (09) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
S. S Pekamwar ◽  
◽  
D. D. Gadade ◽  
G. K. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties

Physicochemical characteristics of active pharmaceutical compounds, including solubility and flow properties, are crucial in the development of drug formulation. The physical form of compound and formulation has potential effect on biopharmaceutical parameters of the drug. The crystal engineering approach can be employed for modification of physicochemical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients whilst maintaining the intrinsic activity of the drug molecule. This article covers the advantages of co-crystals over salts, solvates (hydrates), solid dispersions and polymorphs, mechanism of formation of co-crystals, methods of preparation of co-crystals and application of co-crystals to modify physicochemical characteristics of active pharmaceutical ingredients along with case studies.

scholarly journals The Lisbon Supramolecular Green Story: Mechanochemistry towards New Forms of Pharmaceuticals

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2705
Author(s):  
João Luís Ferreira da Silva ◽  
M. Fátima Minas da Piedade ◽  
Vânia André ◽  
Sofia Domingos ◽  
Inês C. B. Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Mechanochemical Synthesis ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Polymorphic Forms ◽  
Derivatives Of

This short review presents and highlights the work performed by the Lisbon Group on the mechanochemical synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) multicomponent compounds. Here, we show some of our most relevant contributions on the synthesis of supramolecular derivatives of well-known commercial used drugs and the corresponding improvement on their physicochemical properties. The study reflects, not only our pursuit of using crystal engineering principles for the search of supramolecular entities, but also our aim to correlate them with the desired properties. The work also covers our results on polymorphic screening and describes our proposed alternatives to induce and maintain specific polymorphic forms, and our approach to avoid polymorphism using APIs as ionic liquids. We want to stress that all the work was performed using mechanochemistry, a green advantageous synthetic technique.

Crystal engineering of pharmaceutical co-crystals from polymorphic active pharmaceutical ingredients

2005 ◽  
pp. 4601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peddy Vishweshwar ◽  
Jennifer A. McMahon ◽  
Matthew L. Peterson ◽  
Magali B. Hickey ◽  
Tanise R. Shattock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients

scholarly journals Assembling the Puzzle of Taxifolin Polymorphism

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5437
Author(s):  
Roman P. Terekhov ◽  
Irina A. Selivanova ◽  
Nonna A. Tyukavkina ◽  
Igor R. Ilyasov ◽  
Anastasiya K. Zhevlakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Amorphous Substance ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid States ◽  
Polymorphic Modifications ◽  
Xrpd Patterns ◽  
Scanning Electron

A large amount of the current literature dedicated to solid states of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) pays special attention to polymorphism of flavonoids. Taxifolin (also known as dihydroquercetin) is an example of a typical flavonoid. Some new forms of taxifolin have been reported previously, however it is still unclear whether they represent polymorphic modifications. In this paper, we tried to answer the question about the taxifolin polymorphism. Taxifolin microtubes and taxifolin microspheres were synthesized from raw taxifolin API using several methods of crystal engineering. All forms were described with the help of spectral methods, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and thermal analysis (TA). SEM reveals that the morphology of the solid phase is very specific for each sample. Although XRPD patterns of raw taxifolin and microtubes look similar, their TA profiles differ significantly. At the same time, raw taxifolin and microspheres have nearly identical thermograms, while XRPD shows that the former is a crystalline and the latter is an amorphous substance. Only the use of complex analyses allowed us to put the puzzle together and to confirm the polymorphism of taxifolin. This article demonstrates that taxifolin microtubes are a pseudopolymorphic modification of raw taxifolin.

Nano Cocrystals: Crystal Engineering from a Nanotechnology Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Arun Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Pharmaceutical Research And Development

: Low aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability are the major hurdles during drug development for the oral route. A large number of the newly discovered drug molecules fall under BCS II class and have solubility related issues and hence poses low oral bioavailability, which in turn render them as non-suitable candidates for further development. A multitude of solubility enhancement approaches are available, notable among them are salt formation, solid dispersions, inclusion complexes, cocrystallization, nanonization etc. Cocrystallization and Nanonization are among the most widely used approaches in the pharmaceutical field that offer multiple enhancements to the active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review endeavours to cover the recent work, important finding, advantages offered by nano sized cocrystals and their future aspects and challenges in the implementation of this newer approach in pharmaceutical research and development.

scholarly journals Mechanochemistry in Portugal—A Step towards Sustainable Chemical Synthesis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Vânia André ◽  
M. Teresa Duarte ◽  
Clara S. B. Gomes ◽  
Mafalda C. Sarraguça
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Amorphous Solid ◽  
Inorganic Synthesis ◽  
Crystal Forms ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Synthesized Materials

In Portugal, publications with mechanochemical methods date back to 2009, with the report on mechanochemical strategies for the synthesis of metallopharmaceuticals. Since then, mechanochemical applications have grown in Portugal, spanning several fields, mainly crystal engineering and supramolecular chemistry, catalysis, and organic and inorganic chemistry. The area with the most increased development is the synthesis of multicomponent crystal forms, with several groups synthesizing solvates, salts, and cocrystals in which the main objective was to improve physical properties of the active pharmaceutical ingredients. Recently, non-crystalline materials, such as ionic liquids and amorphous solid dispersions, have also been studied using mechanochemical methods. An area that is in expansion is the use of mechanochemical synthesis of bioinspired metal-organic frameworks with an emphasis in antibiotic coordination frameworks. The use of mechanochemistry for catalysis and organic and inorganic synthesis has also grown due to the synthetic advantages, ease of synthesis, scalability, sustainability, and, in the majority of cases, the superior properties of the synthesized materials. It can be easily concluded that mechanochemistry is expanding in Portugal in diverse research areas.

Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Three First Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3590-3592
Author(s):  
Nela Bibire ◽  
Romeo Iulian Olariu ◽  
Luminita Agoroaei ◽  
Madalina Vieriu ◽  
Alina Diana Panainte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
First Line ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic

Active pharmaceutical ingredients such as isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin are among the most important first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. A simple, rapid and sensitive reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatographic assay method for the simultaneous determination of isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin has been developed. Separation of the interest compounds was achieved in a 10 min chromatographic run in gradient elution mode on a Zorbax SB-C18 stainless steel column (150 � 4 mm, 5 mm) using a guard column containing the same stationary phase. The gradient elution was carried out with a mobile phase of 10% CH3CN aqueous solution for channel A and 50% CH3CN in pH = 6.8 phosphate buffer (20 mM), to which 1.5 mL triethylamine were added for channel B. Quantification of the analyzed substances was carried out spectrophotometrically at 269 nm. Detection limits of 0.48 mg/L for isoniazid, 0.52 mg/L for pyrazinamide and 0.48 mg/L for rifampicin were established for the developed assay method. The present work showed that the proposed analysis method was advantageous for simple and rapid analysis of the active pharmaceutical ingredients in pharmaceuticals and biological fluids.

scholarly journals Trapping liquid drugs inside crystals

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C984-C984
Author(s):  
Alessia Bacchi ◽  
Davide Capucci ◽  
Paolo Pelagatti
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Crystal Engineering ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Active Molecule ◽  
Crystalline Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Solid Dosage ◽  
Intellectual Properties

The objective of this work is to embed liquid or volatile pharmaceuticals inside crystalline materials, in order to tune their delivery properties in medicine or agrochemistry, and to explore new regulatory and intellectual properties issues. Liquid or volatile formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are intrinsically less stable and durable than solid forms; in fact most drugs are formulated as solid dosage because they tend to be stable, reproducible, and amenable to purification. Most drugs and agrochemicals are manufactured and distributed as crystalline materials, and their action involves the delivery of the active molecule by a solubilization process either in the body or on the environment. However some important compounds for the human health or for the environment occur as liquids at room temperature. The formation of co-crystals has been demonstrated as a means of tuning solubility properties of solid phases, and therefore it is widely investigated by companies and by solid state scientists especially in the fields of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, pigments, dyestuffs, foods, and explosives. In spite of this extremely high interest towards co-crystallization as a tool to alter solubility, practically no emphasis has been paid to using it as a means to stabilize volatile or labile or low-melting products. In this work we trap and stabilize volatile and liquid APIs and agrochemicals in crystalline matrices by engineering suitable co-crystals. These new materials alter the physic state of the active ingredients allowing to expand the phase space accessible to manufacturing and delivery. We have defined a benchmark of molecules relevant to human health and environment that have been combined with suitable partners according to the well known methods of crystal engineering in order to obtain cocrystals. The first successful results will be discussed; the Figure shows a cocrystal of propofol, a worldwide use anesthetic.

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