scholarly journals Performance of Photovoltaics Under Actual Operating Conditions

10.5772/27386 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Makrides ◽  
Bastian Zinsser ◽  
Matthew Norton ◽  
George E.
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Actual Operating

THE VALUE OF FINE BUBBLE DIFFUSER TESTING UNDER ACTUAL OPERATING CONDITIONS IN A HIGHLY INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (14) ◽  
pp. 2232-2247
Author(s):  
Michael S. Demko ◽  
Frank Coughenour ◽  
John J. Pacifici ◽  
Sam Jeyanayagam ◽  
David T. Redmon
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Fine Bubble

The Impact of Electric Hybrid Compressor to Make Transport Environmentally Friendly

2013 ◽  
Vol 391 ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Maciej Bajerlein
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Suspension Systems ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
Total Energy Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Road Emission ◽  
Speed Engine

This paper presents the investigations, whose aim was to determine the influence of the operation of electric and mechanical compressors on the energy consumption of city buses in public transport. The tests were performed on pneumatic systems used in city transit vehicles whose underlying component is a compressor generating pressure for the brake and suspension systems. Owing to the application of a portable analyzer - SEMTECH DS the emissions (with a secondly resolution) of CO, HC, NOx, CO2 in the exhaust gases were measured. The on-road emission tests were performed in the actual operating conditions in SORT driving tests. These tests reflect the actual vehicle operation in a real task through preset procedures of their realization and measurements determining the energy consumption and exhaust emissions or the influence of the vehicle accessories and all variables (vehicle speed, engine load, acceleration or distance covered) on the total energy balance. The on-road tests were performed on a runway of the Bednary airstrip in Poland.

Ambient Condition Effects on NOx and CO Emissions From Process Heaters

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley R. Bussman ◽  
Charles E. Baukal
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Fuel Gas ◽  
Natural Draft ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pollution Emissions

Because process heaters are typically located outside, their operation is subject to the weather. Heaters are typically tuned at a given set of conditions; however, the actual operating conditions may vary dramatically from season to season and sometimes even within a given day. Wind, ambient air temperature, ambient air humidity, and atmospheric pressure can all significantly impact the O2 level, which impacts both the thermal efficiency and the pollution emissions from a process heater. Unfortunately, most natural draft process burners are manually controlled on an infrequent basis. This paper shows how changing ambient conditions can considerably impact both CO and NOx emissions if proper adjustments are not made as the ambient conditions change. Data will be presented for a wide range of operating conditions to show how much the CO and NOx emissions can be affected by changes in the ambient conditions for fuel gas fired natural draft process heaters, which are the most common type used in the hydrocarbon and petrochemical industries. Some type of automated burner control, which is virtually non-existent today in this application, is recommended to adjust for the variations in ambient conditions.

Prospects for Using Carbon Nanotubes in Precision Instrument Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 992 ◽  
pp. 770-774
Author(s):  
A. Golikov ◽  
V. Pankratov ◽  
M. Barulina
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Precision Instrument ◽  
Equivalent Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Precision Measuring ◽  
Microstructured Optical Fiber ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Actual Operating

This research deals with the prospects for application of modern nanomaterials as exemplified by carbon nanotubes for development of new classes of precision measuring instruments or for significant improvement of the performance of existing sensors and systems based on sensors. Carbon nanotubes have been known since the end of the 20th century, but production of high-quality carbon nanotubes on a commercial scale has become possible relatively recently, owing, inter alia, to researches of Russian scientists. Carbon nanotubes have unique properties which hold much promise for their use in different areas of science and technology. Thus, use of nanotubes in precision instrument engineering can solve a number of problems, such as increase in reliability, accuracy, durability, weight and size reduction, etc. Fiber optic gyroscopes based on microstructured optical fiber are considered in this research as an example to demonstrate that use of carbon nanotubes allows significant reduction of the temperature differences in the fiber and that such reduction, in its turn, leads to lower dependence of the FOG characteristics on the temperature effects under actual operating conditions. A mathematical model of the equivalent thermal conductivity of a microstructured fiber loop, all or some channels of which are filled with carbon nanotubes, has been developed in this research. A comparative analysis has been made of the distribution of heat in coils with the considered and traditional fibers under different temperature effects – harmonic, random and stepped.

The role of real power output from farm tractor engines in determining their environmental performance in actual operating conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 105405
Author(s):  
Łukasz Rymaniak ◽  
Piotr Lijewski ◽  
Michalina Kamińska ◽  
Paweł Fuć ◽  
Beata Kurc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Real Power ◽  
Farm Tractor ◽  
Actual Operating

Isovalent doping: a new strategy to suppress surface Sr segregation of the perovskite O2-electrode for solid oxide fuel cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (27) ◽  
pp. 13763-13769
Author(s):  
Bonjae Koo ◽  
Jongsu Seo ◽  
Jun Kyu Kim ◽  
WooChul Jung
Keyword(s):  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Perovskite Oxides ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solid Oxide ◽  
Oxide Fuel ◽  
Surface Stability ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Isovalent Doping ◽  
New Strategy

Isovalent doping is a practical solution for ensuring surface stability of Sr-containing perovskite oxides for solid oxide fuel cell O2-electrodes under actual operating conditions.

CFD Analysis of Batch-Type Reheating Furnace

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Wu ◽  
Andrew M. Arnold ◽  
Eugene Arnold ◽  
George Downey ◽  
Chenn Q. Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Furnace Operation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Reheating Furnace ◽  
Batch Type ◽  
Billet Quality ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

In the steelmaking industry, reheating furnaces are used to heat the billets or blooms to the rolling temperature; the uniformity of the temperature in the furnace determines billet quality. In order to obtain a better understanding of the furnace operation, which influences the temperature distribution; Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis is conducted to examine the transient and three dimensional temperature fields in a reheating furnace using the commercial software Fluent®. A number of actual operating conditions, based on the ArcelorMittal Steelton No.3 reheating furnace, are computed. The numerical results are used to optimize the operating parameters and thus help to improve the steel quality.

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