Anoxia-Induced Suspended Animation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Suspended Animation Extends Survival Limits of Caenorhabditis elegans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at Low Temperature

Molecular Biology of the Cell ◽

10.1091/mbc.e09-07-0614 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 2161-2171 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kin Chan ◽

Jesse P. Goldmark ◽

Mark B. Roth

Keyword(s):

Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽

Cell Cycle ◽

Cell Division ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Cell Division Cycle ◽

Wild Type ◽

Suspended Animation ◽

C Elegans ◽

High Viability ◽

Cold Sensitive

The orderly progression through the cell division cycle is of paramount importance to all organisms, as improper progression through the cycle could result in defects with grave consequences. Previously, our lab has shown that model eukaryotes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Danio rerio all retain high viability after prolonged arrest in a state of anoxia-induced suspended animation, implying that in such a state, progression through the cell division cycle is reversibly arrested in an orderly manner. Here, we show that S. cerevisiae (both wild-type and several cold-sensitive strains) and C. elegans embryos exhibit a dramatic decrease in viability that is associated with dysregulation of the cell cycle when exposed to low temperatures. Further, we find that when the yeast or worms are first transitioned into a state of anoxia-induced suspended animation before cold exposure, the associated cold-induced viability defects are largely abrogated. We present evidence that by imposing an anoxia-induced reversible arrest of the cell cycle, the cells are prevented from engaging in aberrant cell cycle events in the cold, thus allowing the organisms to avoid the lethality that would have occurred in a cold, oxygenated environment.

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Dephosphorylation of Cell Cycle–regulated Proteins Correlates with Anoxia-induced Suspended Animation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Molecular Biology of the Cell ◽

10.1091/mbc.01-12-0594 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 1473-1483 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Pamela A. Padilla ◽

Todd G. Nystul ◽

Richard A. Zager ◽

Ali C.M. Johnson ◽

Mark B. Roth

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Wild Type ◽

Suspended Animation ◽

Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Phosphorylation State ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Developmental Progression ◽

Energetic State ◽

Specific Proteins

Some metazoans have evolved the capacity to survive severe oxygen deprivation. The nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, exposed to anoxia (0 kPa, 0% O2) enters into a recoverable state of suspended animation during all stages of the life cycle. That is, all microscopically observable movement ceases including cell division, developmental progression, feeding, and motility. To understand suspended animation, we compared oxygen-deprived embryos to nontreated embryos in both wild-type and hif-1 mutants. We found that hif-1 mutants survive anoxia, suggesting that the mechanisms for anoxia survival are different from those required for hypoxia. Examination of wild-type embryos exposed to anoxia show that blastomeres arrest in interphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophase but not anaphase. Analysis of the energetic state of anoxic embryos indicated a reversible depression in the ATP to ADP ratio. Given that a decrease in ATP concentrations likely affects a variety of cellular processes, including signal transduction, we compared the phosphorylation state of several proteins in anoxic embryos and normoxic embryos. We found that the phosphorylation state of histone H3 and cell cycle–regulated proteins recognized by the MPM-2 antibody were not detectable in anoxic embryos. Thus, dephosphorylation of specific proteins correlate with the establishment and/or maintenance of a state of anoxia-induced suspended animation.

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Review for "The connectome of the Caenorhabditis elegans pharynx"

10.1002/cne.24932/v1/review1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sreekanth Chalasani

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans

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The glycomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organisms

Biochemical Society Symposium ◽

10.1042/bss0690117 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 117-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Stuart M. Haslam ◽

David Gems ◽

Howard R. Morris ◽

Anne Dell

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Structural Data ◽

Model Organisms ◽

Entire Genome ◽

C Elegans ◽

The Face ◽

Area Of Concern ◽

Nematode Worm

There is no doubt that the immense amount of information that is being generated by the initial sequencing and secondary interrogation of various genomes will change the face of glycobiological research. However, a major area of concern is that detailed structural knowledge of the ultimate products of genes that are identified as being involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis is still limited. This is illustrated clearly by the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which was the first multicellular organism to have its entire genome sequenced. To date, only limited structural data on the glycosylated molecules of this organism have been reported. Our laboratory is addressing this problem by performing detailed MS structural characterization of the N-linked glycans of C. elegans; high-mannose structures dominate, with only minor amounts of complex-type structures. Novel, highly fucosylated truncated structures are also present which are difucosylated on the proximal N-acetylglucosamine of the chitobiose core as well as containing unusual Fucα1–2Gal1–2Man as peripheral structures. The implications of these results in terms of the identification of ligands for genomically predicted lectins and potential glycosyltransferases are discussed in this chapter. Current knowledge on the glycomes of other model organisms such as Dictyostelium discoideum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster is also discussed briefly.

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