scholarly journals Macrophage Cholesterol Homeostasis and Atherogenesis: Critical Role of Intracellular Cholesteryl Ester Hydrolysis

Atherogenesis ◽  
10.5772/26545 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shobha Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ester Hydrolysis ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis

scholarly journals Critical role of neutral cholesteryl ester hydrolase 1 in cholesteryl ester hydrolysis in murine macrophages

2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 2033-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kent Sakai ◽  
Masaki Igarashi ◽  
Daisuke Yamamuro ◽  
Taichi Ohshiro ◽  
Shuichi Nagashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Ester Hydrolysis ◽  
Cholesteryl Ester Hydrolase ◽  
Murine Macrophages ◽  
Ester Hydrolase

Age and Dietary Vitamin C Intake Affect Brain Physiology in Genetically Modified Mice Expressing Human Lipoprotein(A) and Unable to Synthesize Vitamin C

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Shi ◽  
Aleksandra Niedzwiecki ◽  
Matthias Rath
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Vitamin C Deficiency ◽  
The Brain

Aims: Lipoprotein (a) deposition in coronary vascular plaques and cerebral vessels is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and research supports its role as a “repair factor” in vascular walls weakened by vitamin C deficiency. Background: Humans depend on dietary vitamin C as an important antioxidant, and as a cofactor in collagen synthesis, yet are prone to vitamin C deficiency. The brain is the one with the highest vitamin C content, due to its high oxygen consumption and oxidative stress. It has been shown that brain aging is accompanied by accumulated oxidative damage, which can lead to memory decline and neurological diseases. Objective: Our transgenic mouse, Gulo (-/-); Lp(a)+, presents a unique model for the study of key aspects of human metabolism with respect to a lack of internal vitamin C synthesis and the production of human Lipoprotein(a). Method: This mouse model was used in our study to investigate the effects of prolonged intake of low and high levels of vitamin C, at different ages, on oxidative damage, cholesterol levels and Lipoprotein(a) deposition in the brain. Result: The results show that a long-term high vitamin C intake is important in maintaining brain cholesterol homeostasis and preventing oxidative damage in Gulo(-/-);Lp(a)+ mice as they age. Moreover, we observed that the formation of brain Lipoprotein(a) deposits was negatively correlated with brain level of vitamin C, thereby confirming its role as a stability factor for an impaired extracellular matrix. Conclusion: Our study emphasizes the critical role of vitamin C in protecting brain health as we age. Other: Our findings show that optimal vitamin C intake from early life to old age is important in brain health to prevent oxidative stress damage and to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. More importantly, negative correlation between brain ascorbic levels and the formation of Lp(a) deposit on the choroid plexus further emphasizes the critical role of vitamin C in protecting brain health throughout the normal aging process.

scholarly journals Oxysterol Nuclear Receptor LXRβ Regulates Cholesterol Homeostasis and Contractile Function in Mouse Uterus

2006 ◽  
Vol 282 (7) ◽  
pp. 4693-4701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Mouzat ◽  
Magali Prod'Homme ◽  
David H. Volle ◽  
Benoit Sion ◽  
Pierre Déchelotte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesteryl Ester ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Mouse Uterus ◽  
Expression Of Genes

The uterus is an organ where lipid distribution plays a critical role for its function. Here we show that nuclear receptor for oxysterols LXRβ prevents accumulation of cholesteryl esters in mouse myometrium by controlling expression of genes involved in cholesterol efflux and storage (abca1 and abcg1). Upon treatment with an LXR agonist that mimics activation by oxysterols, expression of these target genes was increased in wild-type mice, whereas under basal conditions, lxrα;β-/- mice exhibited a marked decrease in abcg1 accumulation. This change resulted in a phenotype of cholesteryl ester accumulation. Besides, a defect of contractile activity induced by oxytocin or PGF2α was observed in mice lacking LXRβ. These results imply that LXRβ provides a safety valve to limit cholesteryl ester levels as a basal protective mechanism in the uterus against cholesterol accumulation and is necessary for a correct induction of contractions.

scholarly journals MicroRNA Regulation of Cholesterol Metabolism

Cholesterol ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Rotllan ◽  
Carlos Fernández-Hernando
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Microrna Regulation ◽  
Fine Regulation ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Genes ◽  
Pathologic Processes ◽  
Metabolic Adjustment

Disruption of cellular cholesterol balance results in pathologic processes including atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, type II diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis requires constant metabolic adjustment, achieved partly through the fine regulation of the classical transcription factors (e.g., by SREBP and LXR), but also through members of a class of noncoding RNAs termed miRNAs. Some miRNAs have now been identified to be potent post-transcriptional regulators of lipid metabolism genes, including miR-122, miR-33, miR-758, and miR-106b. Different strategies have been developed to modulate miRNA effects for therapeutic purposes. The promise demonstrated by the use of anti-miRs in human preclinical studies, in the case of miR-122, raises the possibility that miR-33, miR-758, and miR-106b may become viable therapeutic targets in future. This review summarizes the evidence for a critical role of some miRNAs in regulating cholesterol metabolism and suggests novel ways to manage dyslipidemias and cardiovascular diseases.

The Role of the SLP in Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Philofsky
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Critical Components

AbstractRecent prevalence estimates for autism have been alarming as a function of the notable increase. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in screening, assessment and intervention for children with autism. This article reviews signs that may be indicative of autism at different stages of language development, and discusses the importance of several psychometric properties—sensitivity and specificity—in utilizing screening measures for children with autism. Critical components of assessment for children with autism are reviewed. This article concludes with examples of intervention targets for children with ASD at various levels of language development.

A critical role of iNOS-derived Nitric Oxide (NO) and progesterone in implantation

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115A-115A
Author(s):  
K CHWALISZ ◽  
E WINTERHAGER ◽  
T THIENEL ◽  
R GARFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Critical Role
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