scholarly journals Update on Current Phase III Clinical Trials in Melanoma

10.5772/25227 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Q. ◽  
Ming Yu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials

scholarly journals Toolbox: Current phase III clinical trials

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 138-138
Author(s):  
Tiffany-Jade Kreys
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials

scholarly journals Do We Need Anti-Prion Compounds to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease?

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Willbold ◽  
Janine Kutzsche
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Efficacy Data ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials

Background: While phase III clinical trials for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) keep failing regardless of the target, more and more data suggest that the toxic protein assemblies of amyloid-beta protein (Aβ) and tubulin binding protein (TAU) behave like prions. Irrespective of the question of whether AD is theoretically or practically contagious, the presence of a self-replicating toxic etiologic agent in the brains of AD patients must have decisive consequences for drug development programs and clinical trial designs. Objectives: We intend to challenge the hypothesis that the underlying etiologic agent of AD is behaving prion-like. We want to discuss whether the outcome of clinical trials could have been predicted based on this hypothesis, and whether compounds that directly disassemble the toxic prion could be more beneficial for AD treatment. Method: We collected publicly accessible pre-clinical efficacy data of Aβ targeting compounds that failed or still are in phase III clinical trials. We describe the desired properties of an anti-prion compound and compare it the properties of past and current phase III drug candidates. Results: We could not find convincing and reproducible pre-clinical efficacy data of past and current phase III drug candidates on cognition other than in preventive treatment settings. The desired properties of an anti-Aβ-prionic compound are fulfilled by the drug candidate RD2, which has been developed to directly disassemble toxic Aβ oligomers. Conclusion: RD2 is the first anti-prion drug candidate. It is able to enhance cognition and impede neurodegeneration in three different transgenic AD mouse models, even under truly non-preventive conditions and even when applied orally. In addition, it is safe in humans.

Rome I versus Rome II; Overlap in patients enrolled in tegaserod phase III clinical trials for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A284-A284
Author(s):  
B NAULT ◽  
S SUE ◽  
J HEGGLAND ◽  
S GOHARI ◽  
G LIGOZIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Rome I

Neovastat, a naturally occurring multifunctional antiangiogenic drug, in phase III clinical trials

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Falardeau ◽  
Pierre Champagne ◽  
Patrick Poyet ◽  
Claude Hariton ◽  
[Eacute]ric Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Antiangiogenic Drug

scholarly journals Animal and Human Vaccines against West Nile Virus

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1073
Author(s):  
Juan-Carlos Saiz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status

West Nile virus (WNV) is a widely distributed enveloped flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes, which main hosts are birds. The virus sporadically infects equids and humans with serious economic and health consequences, as infected individuals can develop a severe neuroinvasive disease that can even lead to death. Nowadays, no WNV-specific therapy is available and vaccines are only licensed for use in horses but not for humans. While several methodologies for WNV vaccine development have been successfully applied and have contributed to significantly reducing its incidence in horses in the US, none have progressed to phase III clinical trials in humans. This review addresses the status of WNV vaccines for horses, birds, and humans, summarizing and discussing the challenges they face for their clinical advance and their introduction to the market.

scholarly journals The role of future treatments in the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212110183
Author(s):  
Laurent Kodjikian ◽  
Carl Joe Mehanna ◽  
Salomon-Yves Cohen ◽  
François Devin ◽  
Sam Razavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Injection Frequency ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents have transformed the management of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) over the past two decades. However, as more long-term real-world data become available, it is clear that treatment outcomes are inferior to those reported in large, controlled clinical trials. This is largely driven by undertreatment, that is, not maintaining a consistent injection frequency to achieve sustained VEGF suppression, whether due to patient non-compliance, an important injection burden, or non/incomplete anatomical response. Newer therapeutic advances under evaluation hold promise in achieving more, for less. We review the latest drugs currently in or having successfully finished phase III clinical trials, and determine their potential place in the management of patients with nAMD in Europe.

scholarly journals Matching comparisons of therapeutic efficacy suggest better clinical outcomes for patients treated with peginterferon beta-1a than with glatiramer acetate

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628642097591
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Scott ◽  
Ray Su ◽  
Kuangnan Xiong ◽  
Arman Altincatal ◽  
Carmen Castrillo-Viguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Glatiramer Acetate ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Individual Patient Data ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials

Background: Peginterferon beta-1a and glatiramer acetate (GA) are approved first-line therapies for the treatment of relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis, but their therapeutic efficacy has not been compared directly. Methods: Clinical outcomes at 2 years, including no evidence of disease activity (NEDA), for patients receiving peginterferon beta-1a 125 mcg every 2 weeks (Q2W) or GA 20 mg/ml once daily (QD) were compared by propensity score matching analysis using individual patient data from ADVANCE and CONFIRM phase III clinical trials. In addition, clinical outcomes at 1–3 years for patients receiving peginterferon beta-1a Q2W or GA 40 mg/ml three times a week (TIW) were evaluated using a matching-adjusted comparison analysis of individual patient data from ADVANCE and the ADVANCE extension study, ATTAIN, and aggregate patient data from the phase III GALA and the GALA extension studies. Results: Propensity-score-matched peginterferon beta-1a patients ( n = 336) had a significantly lower annualized relapse rate [ARR (0.204 versus 0.282); rate ratio = 0.724; p = 0.045], a significantly lower probability of 12-week confirmed disability worsening (10.0% versus 14.6%; hazard ratio = 0.625; p = 0.048), and a significantly higher rate of NEDA (20.3% versus 11.5%; p = 0.047) compared with GA 20 mg/ml QD patients after 2 years of treatment. Matching-adjusted peginterferon beta-1a patients (effective n = 276) demonstrated a similar ARR at 1 year (0.278 versus 0.318; p = 0.375) and significantly lower ARR at 2 years (0.0901 versus 0.203; p = 0.032) and 3 years (0.109 versus 0.209; p = 0.047) compared with GA 40 mg/ml TIW patients ( n = 834). Conclusion: Results from separate matching comparisons of phase III clinical trials and extension studies suggest that peginterferon beta-1a 125 mcg Q2W may provide better clinical outcomes than GA (20 mg/ml QD or 40 mg/ml TIW).

558 Programmed death (PD)-1 and PD-ligand-1 inhibitors in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review of their efficacy and safety

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A592-A592
Author(s):  
Melissa Lingohr-Smith ◽  
Chelsea Deitelzweig ◽  
Grace Lin ◽  
Jay Lin
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Nsclc Patient ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Combination Therapies ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Grade 3

BackgroundTreatment advances have been made in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with the development and approval of programmed death (PD)-1 and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors may be used as monotherapies or in combination with other agents and have been shown to improve NSCLC patient outcomes in clinical trials. We conducted a systematic search to compare the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC.MethodsA systematic literature search of PubMed was conducted to identify phase III clinical trials in which the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC was evaluated. PD-1 inhibitors included nivolumab and pembrolizumab; PD-L1 inhibitors included atezolizumab, avelumab, and durvalumab. Patient characteristics and efficacy data were extracted.ResultsSixteen phase III clinical trials were identified (nivolumab=4; pembrolizumab=5; atezolizumab=5; avelumab=1; durvalumab=1). Across the 3 nivolumab monotherapy trials (n=638; median ages: 61–63 years), median progression-free survival (PFS) ranged 2.3–4.2 months; response rates ranged 19%-26%; grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 7%-18% of patients. Nivolumab in combination with iplimumab (n=583; median age: 64 years) had a median PFS of 5.1 months and response rate of 33%; grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 33% of patients. Across the 3 pembrolizumab monotherapy trials (n=1,481; median ages: 63–64 years), median PFS ranged 3.9–10.3 months; response rates ranged 18%-45%; grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 13%-27% of patients. In the 2 pembrolizumab combination therapy trials (n=688; median ages: 65 years), median PFS ranged 6.4–8.8 months; response rates ranged 48%-58%; grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 67%-70% of patients. In the 4 atezolizumab combination therapy trials (n=1,486; median ages: 63–64 years), median PFS ranged 6.3–8.3 months; response rates ranged 47%-63.5%; grade 3/4 adverse events occurred in 54%-73% of patients. In the 3 monotherapy trials of atezolizumab (n=613; median age: 63 years), avelumab (n=396; median age: 64 years), and durvalumab (n=476; median age: 64 years), the median months of PFS were 2.7, 2.8, and 17.2, respectively; response rates were 14%, 15%, and 30%, respectively; grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 15%, 10%, and 30.5% of patients, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough treatment responses varied, most of the evaluated PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were associated with a clinical benefit for NSCLC trial patients. Generally, treatment efficacy was greater with combination therapies, but adverse events occurred more frequently. Innovations in the targeting/personalization of PD-1/PD-L1 combination therapies will likely lead to improved NSCLC patient outcomes and further research is needed in this regard.

scholarly journals Immunological Backbone of Uveal Melanoma: Is There a Rationale for Immunotherapy?

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Rossi ◽  
Giovanni Schinzari ◽  
Ilaria Grazia Zizzari ◽  
Brigida Anna Maiorano ◽  
Monica Maria Pagliara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials

No standard treatment has been established for metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). Immunotherapy is commonly used for this disease even though UM has not been included in phase III clinical trials with checkpoint inhibitors. Unfortunately, only a minority of patients obtain a clinical benefit with immunotherapy. The immunological features of mUM were reviewed in order to understand if immunotherapy could still play a role for this disease.

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