scholarly journals Global Warming and Epidemic Trends of an Emerging Viral Disease in Western-Europe: The Nephropathia Epidemica Case

10.5772/25169 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Clement ◽  
P. Maes ◽  
M. Barrios ◽  
W.W. Verstraeten ◽  
S. Amirpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Nephropathia Epidemica

Using a long-term climate simulation to address future changes in Western Europe precipitation regimes due to global warming

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro M. Sousa ◽  
Alexandre M. Ramos ◽  
Ricardo M. Trigo ◽  
Christoph C. Raible ◽  
Martina Messmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Water Vapor Transport ◽  
Climate Simulation ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Precipitation Regimes

<p>Moisture transport and Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) over the Northeastern Atlantic are a very relevant process for the inter-annual variability of precipitation over Western Europe. Based on a long-term transient simulation (850-2100CE) from the CESM model, we have showed that moisture transport towards Western Europe (using the vertically integrated horizontal water vapor transport, IVT) has been increasing significantly since pre-industrial period, in a clear association with the global warming trend. Both current and projected changes (using RCP 8.5) significantly exceed the range given by inter-annual to inter-decadal internal/external variability observed during the last millennium.</p><p>We have checked the emergence of the temperature, IVT and precipitation signals in Iberia and the UK, showing that while the first two have now clearly emerged from the pre-warming state, precipitation series are still slightly below that threshold. Nevertheless, projections clearly show an increase in rainfall at higher latitudes (i in phase with a warmer and moister atmosphere); and a decrease at lower latitudes decoupled from the overall increase in moisture availability. Additionally we have explored the role played by large-scale circulation and atmospheric dynamics for these contrasting projections. Overall, results show that a poleward migration of moisture corridors and ARs explain a significant fraction of these projected trends. Based on the Clausius–Clapeyron relation we have separated the thermodynamical from dynamical changes. We also show how that a significant increase in subtropical anticyclonic activity over Iberia is responsible for: i) dynamical circulation changes; ii) a shortening of the wet season; iii) to less efficient precipitation regimes in the region. These results highlight the urge to adapt to a drying trend in Mediterranean-type climates, as a consequence of Global Warming.</p><p> </p><p>The financial support for this work was possible through the following FCT project: HOLMODRIVE - North Atlantic Atmospheric Patterns influence on Western Iberia Climate: From the Lateglacial to the Present [PTDC/CTA-GEO/29029/2017]</p>

Storylines of plausible past and future climates for the July 2019 European heatwave

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Sánchez Benítez ◽  
Thomas Jung ◽  
Helge Goessling ◽  
Felix Pithan ◽  
Tido Semmler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Bowen Ratio ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
The Future

<p>Under the current global warming trend, heatwaves are becoming more intense, frequent, and longer-lasting; and this trend will continue in the future. In this context, the recent 2019 summer was exceptionally hot in large areas of the Northern Hemisphere, with embedded heatwaves, as for example the June and July 2019 European events, redrawing the temperature record map in western Europe. Large-scale dynamics (associated with blockings or subtropical ridges) play a key role in explaining these-large scale events.</p><p>Conceptually, global warming can be split into two different contributions: Dynamic and thermodynamic changes. Whereas dynamic changes remain highly uncertain, some thermodynamic changes can be quantified with higher confidence. We exploit this concept by studying how these recent European heatwaves would have developed in a pre-industrial climate and how it would develop in the future for 1.5, 2 and 4 ºC warmer climates (storyline scenarios). To do so, we employ the spectral nudging technique with AWI-CM (CMIP6 model, a combination of ECHAM6 AGCM + FESOM Sea Ice-Ocean Model). Large-scale dynamics are prescribed by reanalysis data (ERA5). Meanwhile, the model is run for different boundary conditions corresponding to preindustrial and future climates along the SSP370 forcing scenario. This approach can be useful to help understand and communicate what climate change will mean to people’s life and hence facilitate effective decision-making regarding adaptation to climate change, as we are quantifying how recent outstanding events would be modified by our climate action. </p><p>Temperatures during the heatwaves often increase twice as much as global mean temperatures, especially in a future 4 ºC warmer climate. In this future climate, maximum temperatures can locally reach 50ºC in many western Europe countries. Nighttime temperatures would be similar to the daytime temperatures in a preindustrial world. The global warming amplification can be partly explained by a robust soil drying in the future 4 ºC warmer climate (exacerbated due to the June 2019 heatwave) which is transmitted to a robust increase in Bowen ratio. Importantly, by design of our study, this response occurs without any changes in atmospheric circulation.</p>

More hurricanes to hit western Europe due to global warming

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1783-1788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reindert J. Haarsma ◽  
Wilco Hazeleger ◽  
Camiel Severijns ◽  
Hylke de Vries ◽  
Andreas Sterl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Western Europe

scholarly journals Hantavirus disease (nephropathia epidemica) in Belgium: effects of tree seed production and climate

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. TERSAGO ◽  
R. VERHAGEN ◽  
A. SERVAIS ◽  
P. HEYMAN ◽  
G. DUCOFFRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Nephropathia Epidemica ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Puumala Virus ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Tree Seed

SUMMARYRecently, human cases of nephropathia epidemica (NE) due to Puumala virus infection in Europe have increased. Following the hypothesis that high reservoir host abundance induces higher transmission rates to humans, explanations for this altered epidemiology must be sought in factors that cause bank vole (Myodes glareolus) abundance peaks. In Western Europe, these abundance peaks are often related to high tree seed production, which is supposedly triggered by specific weather conditions. We evaluated the relationship between tree seed production, climate and NE incidence in Belgium and show that NE epidemics are indeed preceded by abundant tree seed production. Moreover, a direct link between climate and NE incidence is found. High summer and autumn temperatures, 2 years and 1 year respectively before NE occurrence, relate to high NE incidence. This enables early forecasting of NE outbreaks. Since future climate change scenarios predict higher temperatures in Europe, we should regard Puumala virus as an increasing health threat.

The Diagnosis of Viral Disease by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
William B. McCombs ◽  
Cameron E. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
The Past

Recent years have brought a reversal in the attitude of the medical profession toward the diagnosis of viral infections. Identification of bacterial pathogens was formerly thought to be faster than identification of viral pathogens. Viral identification was dismissed as being of academic interest or for confirming the presence of an epidemic, because the patient would recover or die before this could be accomplished. In the past 10 years, the goal of virologists has been to present the clinician with a viral identification in a matter of hours. This fast diagnosis has the potential for shortening the patient's hospital stay and preventing the administering of toxic and/or expensive antibiotics of no benefit to the patient.

A rapid method for the direct identification of paramyxovirus in canine CSF by ultracentrifugation and negative staining as a rule out for distemper

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-595
Author(s):  
W.L. Steffens ◽  
M.B. Ard ◽  
C.E. Greene ◽  
A. Jaggy
Keyword(s):  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Mucosal Inflammation ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Rule Out

Canine distemper is a multisystemic contagious viral disease having a worldwide distribution, a high mortality rate, and significant central neurologic system (CNS) complications. In its systemic manifestations, it is often presumptively diagnosed on the basis of clinical signs and history. Few definitive antemortem diagnostic tests exist, and most are limited to the detection of viral antigen by immunofluorescence techniques on tissues or cytologic specimens or high immunoglobulin levels in CSF (cerebrospinal fluid). Diagnosis of CNS distemper is often unreliable due to the relatively low cell count in CSF (<50 cells/μl) and the binding of blocking immunoglobulins in CSF to cell surfaces. A more reliable and definitive test might be possible utilizing direct morphologic detection of the etiologic agent. Distemper is the canine equivalent of human measles, in that both involve a closely related member of the Paramyxoviridae, both produce mucosal inflammation, and may produce CNS complications. In humans, diagnosis of measles-induced subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is through negative stain identification of whole or incomplete viral particles in patient CSF.

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