scholarly journals ICDs in Clinical Trials: Assessment of the Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Fish Oils on Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation

10.5772/24963 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mirrahimi ◽  
L. Chiavaroli ◽  
K. Srichaikul ◽  
J.L. Sievenpiper ◽  
C.W.C. Kendall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Omega 3

Enhancing near infrared spectroscopy models to identify omega-3 fish oils used in the nutraceutical industry by means of calibration range extension

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanette van der Merwe ◽  
Marena Manley ◽  
Merrill Wicht
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Alternative Method

The high demand for omega-3 fish oil nutraceuticals (dietary supplements) is due to the numerous health benefits contributed by the polyunsaturated fatty acids. The nutraceutical industry is required to follow good manufacturing practice standards in order to ensure label claims and prevent adulteration. It is vital that the quality control procedures will be able to detect adulterated products. It is thus necessary to ensure that the analytical techniques are adequate by using validated methods. The qualification or identification of natural fish oils is a difficult task due to overlapping concentration ranges of polyunsaturated fatty acids and other similar properties. Gas chromatography is the prescribed technique in the nutraceutical industry for analysis of omega-3 fatty acids, but it is time-consuming and costly. Near infrared spectroscopy is a rapid and cost-effective technique which can replace the prescribed method if it is proven to be equivalent, through validation, to the criteria as prescribed by the pharmacopoeias and other industry guidelines. In this study, near infrared spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics was considered as an alternative method to gas chromatography to identify various commercial fish oils and to quantify the polyunsaturated fatty acids. Identification methods were developed for nine commercial omega-3 fish oils by using spectral libraries. Quantitative near infrared methods were developed for arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in fish oils expressed as mg.g−1 as well as % area using partial least squares regression and independent validation by superimposing datasets with mutual properties. Based on the statistics in terms of standard error of calibration, R2, standard error of prediction and r of the polyunsaturated fatty acid models, the near infrared method was equivalent to the prescribed gas chromatography methods, and precision results obtained were also within the prescribed criteria. Near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics can be used for conclusive identification and quantification of omega-3 fish oils, thereby minimizing the risk of adulteration. The method also complied with the prescribed pharmaceutical method validation criteria, and therefore was proven as an alternative method to gas chromatography for the nutraceutical industry.

scholarly journals Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Treatment on Lipid Pattern of HIV Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Fogacci ◽  
Enrico Strocchi ◽  
Maddalena Veronesi ◽  
Claudio Borghi ◽  
Arrigo F. G. Cicero
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Increased Risk

Even though omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) seem to be effective in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dyslipidemia, their impact is still debated. For this reason, our aim was to perform a meta-analysis of the clinical evidence available to date. A systematic literature search was conducted in order to identify published clinical trials assessing the effect of PUFAs treatment on serum lipoproteins, and its safety profile. The effect sizes for lipid changes were expressed as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). For safety analysis, odd ratios and the 95% CI were calculated with the Mantel–Haenszel method. Data were pooled from nine clinical studies comprising overall 578 HIV-affected subjects. Meta-analysis of the data suggested that omega-3 PUFAs significantly reduced triglycerides (TG) (MD = −1.04, 95% CI: −1.5, −0.58 mmol/L, p < 0.001), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.61 mmol/L, p = 0.004), without affecting serum levels of total cholesterol, very-low- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B and A1. Change in TG was significantly associated with eicosapentaenoic acid administered via daily dose. PUFA treatment did not lead to an increased risk of adverse events. In conclusion, PUFAs are safe and exert a significant plasma lipid improving effect in HIV-positive patients.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Clinical Trials

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
My Svensson ◽  
Kaj Anker Jørgensen ◽  
Jeppe Hagstrup Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Characterization of Positional Distribution of Fatty Acids and Triacylglycerol Molecular Compositions of Marine Fish Oils Rich in Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijun Zhang ◽  
Hui Zhao ◽  
Youwei Zhang ◽  
Yingbin Shen ◽  
Hang Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Marine Fish ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Marine Fish Species ◽  
Physiological Properties

The regiospecific characteristics of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in triacylglycerol (TAG) significantly affect the physicochemical and physiological properties of marine fish oils. In this study, the TAG molecular species composition and positional distributions of fatty acids were investigated in three marine fish species rich in omega-3 PUFAs (anchovy, tuna, and salmon). The regiospecific distribution of the fatty acids was measured with the allylmagnesium bromide (AMB) degradation method. The TAG compositions were analyzed with HPLC and the TAG molecular species were identified with APCI/MS. DHA was preferentially distributed at the sn-2 position of TAG, whereas EPA was evenly distributed along the glycerol backbone. The combinations of FAs, DDO, EOP, EPS, DSS, OOS, and PPS were the predominant TAG molecular species, and OOP, DOS, and DPoPo were the characteristic TAG molecules in the anchovy, salmon, and tuna, respectively. These data can be used to distinguish other marine fish species. The TAG composition categorized by TCN and ECN showed well-structured distributions, with double or triple peaks. These findings should greatly extend the use of marine fish oils in food production and may significantly affect the future development of the fish oil industry.

scholarly journals Dietary and Pharmacological Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaizhu Wu ◽  
Lu Xu ◽  
Christie M Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Omega 3

Abstract Context The effects of dietary intake of different fatty acids and pharmacological use of fatty acids, specifically long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), on cardiovascular health and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention have been examined in a large number of observational studies and clinical trials. This review summarizes recent data and discusses potential mechanisms. Evidence acquisition The review is based on the authors’ knowledge of the field supplemented by a PubMed search using the terms seafood, fish oil, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and ASCVD. Evidence synthesis We mainly discuss the recent clinical trials that examine the effects of different types of dietary fatty acids and pharmacological use of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD prevention and the potential mechanisms. Conclusions While replacement of dietary saturated fat with unsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat in particular, or intake of LC n-3 PUFA–rich seafood has generally shown benefit for ASCVD prevention and is recommended for cardiovascular benefits, data on effects of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD health are inconsistent. However, recent clinical trials support benefits of prescription EPA in ASCVD prevention. n-3 PUFAs may contribute to ASCVD prevention through multiple mechanisms, including lowering plasma triglyceride levels, anti-inflammatory effects, antithrombotic effects, and effects on endothelial function.

Potential applications of fish oils rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the management of gastrointestinal cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Eltweri ◽  
A.L. Thomas ◽  
M. Metcalfe ◽  
P.C. Calder ◽  
A.R. Dennison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Potential Applications
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