scholarly journals Pediatric Cranial Ultrasound: Techniques, Variants and Pitfalls

10.5772/24712 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Fickenscher ◽  
Zachary Bailey ◽  
Megan Saettele ◽  
Amy Dahl ◽  
Lisa Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Ultrasound

scholarly journals Intraventricular haemorrhage in a Ugandan cohort of low birth weight neonates: the IVHU study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. MacLeod ◽  
J. N. Paulson ◽  
N. Okalany ◽  
F. Okello ◽  
L. Acom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Intraventricular Haemorrhage ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
Eastern Uganda

Abstract Background Globally, 15 million neonates are born prematurely every year, over half in low income countries (LICs). Premature and low birth weight neonates have a higher risk of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH). There are minimal data regarding IVH in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed to examine the incidence, severity and timing of and modifiable risk factors for IVH amongst low-birth-weight neonates in Uganda. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of neonates with birthweights of ≤2000 g admitted to a neonatal unit (NU) in a regional referral hospital in eastern Uganda. Maternal data were collected from interviews and medical records. Neonates had cranial ultrasound (cUS) scans on the day of recruitment and days 3, 7 and 28 after birth. Risk factors were tabulated and are presented alongside odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for IVH incidence. Outcomes included incidence, timing and severity of IVH and 28-day survival. Results Overall, 120 neonates were recruited. IVH was reported in 34.2% of neonates; 19.2% had low grade (Papile grades 1–2) and 15% had high grade (Papile grades 3–4). Almost all IVH (90.2%) occurred by day 7, including 88.9% of high grade IVH. Of those with known outcomes, 70.4% (81/115) were alive on day 28 and survival was not associated with IVH. We found that vaginal delivery, gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks and resuscitation in the NU increased the odds of IVH. Of the 6 neonates who received 2 doses of antenatal steroids, none had IVH. Conclusion In this resource limited NU in eastern Uganda, more than a third of neonates born weighing ≤2000 g had an IVH and the majority of these occurred by day 7. We found that vaginal birth, earlier gestation and need for resuscitation after admission to the NU increased the risk of IVH. This study had a high rate of SGA neonates and the risk factors and relationship of these factors with IVH in this setting needs further investigation. The role of antenatal steroids in the prevention of IVH in LICs also needs urgent exploration.

scholarly journals Incidence of brain lesions in moderate-late preterm infants assessed by cranial ultrasound and MRI: The BIMP-study

2020 ◽  
pp. 109500
Author(s):  
V. Boswinkel ◽  
M.F. Krüse-Ruijter ◽  
J. Nijboer - Oosterveld ◽  
I.M. Nijholt ◽  
M.A. Edens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Late Preterm ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Late Preterm Infants

Basal ganglia echogenicity in preterm infants: A case series

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S. Harvey ◽  
S. Ryan ◽  
A. Tarrant ◽  
M. King ◽  
B. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Perinatal Factors ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Developmental Progress ◽  
Cognitive Delay ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND: Damage to the basal ganglia and thalamus (BGT) can be caused by multiple perinatal factors and may be associated with movement disorders, cognitive delay and visual difficulties. Changes in BGT structure, seen as echogenicity on ultrasound, are difficult to objectively quantify. The aetiology, clinical relevance and developmental outcomes of BGT echogenicity are poorly understood. We aimed to gain a better understanding of the natural history of BGT echogenicity in a preterm population. METHODS: Retrospective review of clinical course, neuroimaging and development in infants born <32weeks gestation over 5 years with evidence of BGT echogenicity. RESULTS: BGT echogenicity was reported in 18/650 infants (2.7%). Echogenicity appeared at a median of 8 days (2–45 days) and resolved on pre-discharge ultrasound in 50%. Thirteen infants had a term corrected MRI brain with abnormal BGT signal seen in 3 infants (23%). All 3 infants had persisting echogenicity on discharge ultrasound. No infant with echogenicity resolution on ultrasound had changes on term MRI. 14 infants had developmental progress available at 1 year corrected. Abnormal development was reported in four children of whom one had BGT changes on term MRI. Two children with persistent BGT changes but an otherwise normal MRI had reported normal neurodevelopment. CONCLUSION: BGT echogenicity is relatively common on routine ultrasound and resolves in the majority of infants by term corrected. This review suggests that at term corrected, normal cranial ultrasound may obviate the need for MRI where no other concerns exist. BGT echogenicity did not appear to independently influence neurodevelopment.

RELATION BETWEEN NEONATAL CRANIAL ULTRASOUND ABNORMALITIES AND CEREBRAL VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN INFANCY

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Eken ◽  
Omno Nieuwenhuizen ◽  
Yolanda Graaf ◽  
Nicoline E. Schalij-Delfos ◽  
Linda S. Vries
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Cerebral Visual Impairment

scholarly journals Cranial ultrasound: and the risk of tunnel vision?

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (S2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Chiara ◽  
Stefania Perrini
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Tunnel Vision

scholarly journals Clinical Presentation of Preterm Neonates with Intraventricular Hemorrhage: Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dhaka

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-197
Author(s):  
Tasnima Ahmed ◽  
Abdul Baki ◽  
Tahmina Begum ◽  
Nazmun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
One Year

Background: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is common among preterm infants as many of them survive with the advancements in neonatal care. Severe IVH may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of our study is to find out the significant clinical signs of IVH in preterm neonate for early detection by ultrasonography.Methods: This prospective observational study was done in special care baby unit (SCABU), Bangladesh Institute of Research & rehabilitation of Diabetic, Endocrine & metabolic Disorder (BIRDEM) for a period of one year. Eighty five preterm neonates were included in this study. Clinical features of IVH like- convulsion, lethargy, irritability, bulged fontanelle, recurrent apnea, sudden onset of respiratory distress, sudden pallor and bradycardia were observed. Cranial ultrasound studies were done within 7 days of life in all cases to identify IVH.Result: Mean gestational age of these neonates was 31.31(±2.2) weeks & mean birth weight was 1413.42 (±330.55) gm. Among 85 preterm neonates 21(24.7%) developed IVH, confirmed by ultrasonography of brain. Clinical features like convulsion, bulged fontanel, repeated apnea & sudden pallor were significantly present in IVH group.Conclusion: Intraventricular Hemorrhage constitutes an important cause of morbidity and mortality in neonate. This study showed that clinical features like convulsion, bulged fontanel and sudden pallor had a significant relationship with intraventricular hemorrhage which will help for its early detection.Birdem Med J 2017; 7(3): 194-197

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