scholarly journals The Impact of Redox Balance in Brain Tumors

10.5772/24019 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinar Atukeren
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Neurotrophins as Key Regulators of Cell Metabolism: Implications for Cholesterol Homeostasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 5692
Author(s):  
Mayra Colardo ◽  
Noemi Martella ◽  
Daniele Pensabene ◽  
Silvia Siteni ◽  
Sabrina Di Bartolomeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
The Impact

Neurotrophins constitute a family of growth factors initially characterized as predominant mediators of nervous system development, neuronal survival, regeneration and plasticity. Their biological activity is promoted by the binding of two different types of receptors, leading to the generation of multiple and variegated signaling cascades in the target cells. Increasing evidence indicates that neurotrophins are also emerging as crucial regulators of metabolic processes in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells. In this context, it has been reported that neurotrophins affect redox balance, autophagy, glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure. Additionally, the trophic support provided by these secreted factors may involve the regulation of cholesterol metabolism. In this review, we examine the neurotrophins’ signaling pathways and their effects on metabolism by critically discussing the most up-to-date information. In particular, we gather experimental evidence demonstrating the impact of these growth factors on cholesterol metabolism.

Neurocognitive status in patients with newly-diagnosed brain tumors in good neurological condition: The impact of tumor type, volume, and location

2017 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Hendrix ◽  
Elisa Hans ◽  
Christoph J. Griessenauer ◽  
Andreas Simgen ◽  
Joachim Oertel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Neurological Condition ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Postoperative Hypoalbuminemia: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Association with Postoperative Pneumonia in Brain Tumors Patients Undergoing Craniotomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-wei Zhao ◽  
Xu-yang Zhang ◽  
Kai-yan Wei ◽  
Yi-bin Jiang ◽  
Dan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Postoperative Pneumonia ◽  
Tumor Surgery ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Brain Tumor Surgery ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preoperative Albumin

Abstract Hypoalbuminemia is associatied with poor outcome in patients undergoing surgery intervention. The main aim for this study was to investigate the incidence and the risk factors of postoperative hypoalbuminemia and assessed the impact of postoperative hypoalbuminemia on complications in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery. This retrospective study included 372 consecutive patients who underwent brain tumors surgery from January 2017 to December 2019. The patients were divided into hypoalbuminemia (< 35 g/L) and non-hypoalbuminemia group (≥ 35 g/L) based on postoperative albumin levels. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine risk factors. Of the total 372 patients, 333 (89.5%) developed hypoalbuminemia after surgery. Hypoalbuminemia was associated with operation time (OR 1.011, P < 0.001), preoperative albumin (OR 0.864, P = 0.015) and peroperative globulin (OR 1.192, P = 0.004). Postoperative pneumonia had a higher incidence in patients with than without hypoalbuminemia (41.1% vs 23.1%, P = 0.029). The independent predictors of postoperative pneumonia were age (OR 1.053, P < 0.001), operation time (OR 1.003, P = 0.013) and lower postoperative albumin (OR 0.946, P = 0.018). Postoperative hypoalbuminemia has a higher incidence with the increase of operation time, and is associated with postoperative pneumonia in patients undergoing brain tumor surgery.

A Pilot Study on Educational Workshops for Caregivers of Patients with Brain Tumors Called AGAPE Showed its Feasibility and the Maintain Caregiver’s Quality of Life Despite Patient’s Disease Progression.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloïse Bourien ◽  
Elodie Pelotte ◽  
Aurélie Thébault ◽  
Claire Larible-Lefort ◽  
Frédérique Lebrun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background Several studies have highlighted the difficulties faced by caregivers of patients with brain tumors. We created the educational workshops called AGAPE. Their aim is to explain precisely the medical aspects of brain tumors, describe resources available, and allow a moment of exchange between caregivers. Purpose To evaluate outcomes of AGAPE. Methods This was an observational uncontrolled pilot study. Feasibility was evaluated by the caregivers’ attendance of the 2 theoretical scheduled sessions and their satisfaction. Additional outcomes were the percentage of caregivers in favour of AGAPE sustainability and the impact on their quality of life according to CarGOQoL questionnaires (Caregiver Oncology Quality of Life) between baseline before the first workshop and after the last one. Results From February 2015 to March 2019, 12 three-month sessions were organized allowing 87 caregivers to participate. 84% of caregivers attended at least 2 theoretical sessions, the level of satisfaction was very high, and all caregivers were in favor of AGAPE sustainability. 36 caregivers submitted completed questionnaires at baseline and after the last workshop attended, separated by more than 2 months. The first workshop took place mostly during or after the adjuvant treatment of their loved ones. Two-thirds of their loved ones had a progressive disease after the first workshop and 21 died. Caregivers’ quality of life was stable between the first and last attended workshop. Conclusion Our study showed that AGAPE helped to maintain caregiver’s quality of life despite patient’s disease progression and its feasibility. Moreover, AGAPE may easily be run in other hospitals.

scholarly journals 55. A RANDOMIZED, MULTICENTER PHASE III TRIAL OF SURGERY PLUS STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY (SRS) COMPARED WITH SURGERY PLUS PERMANENTLY IMPLANTED COLLAGEN TILE BRACHYTHERAPY (CTBT) FOR RESECTABLE METASTATIC BRAIN TUMORS-PROTOCOL IN PROGRESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii11-ii11
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Weinberg ◽  
Mary Frances McAleer ◽  
Hussein Tawbi ◽  
Frederick Lang
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Word Association ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Scale ◽  
Metastatic Brain Tumors ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND Resection (R) followed by single or multi-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) lowers resection bed recurrence compared to R alone. Nevertheless for larger brain metastasis (&gt;2.5 cm) 12-month recurrence rates after R+SRS can exceed 20–30%. Aiming to improve outcomes, a permanently implanted collagen tile brachytherapy (CTBT) device (GammaTile, GT Medical Technologies, Tempe AZ) utilizing Cs-131 was developed, hypothesizing that immediate adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) and/or RT dose intensification could improve outcomes. The device received FDA clearance for this indication, based on a single-arm pre-commercial study and in early commercial use due to the excellent safety and local control of R+CTBT. It is hypothesized that R+CTBT will increase the time to post-resection-recurrence, while prolonging survival and reducing the impact on functional and neurocognitive status compared to R+SRS. STUDY DESIGN Multicenter, randomized, comparison trial. Patients with resectable, previously untreated “index” brain metastases measuring &gt;2.5–5 cm and 0–3 other tumors will be preoperatively randomized 1:1 to undergo either R+ SRS or R+CTBT to the index lesion; unresected tumors in both groups will receive SRS. Planned sample size is 160 from ~5 sites; accrual to start in Q3-2020. Primary endpoint is surgical bed-recurrence free survival. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, quality of life (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Brain, Linear Analog Self-Assessment), neurocognition (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Trail Making Tests, Mini-Mental Status Exam, Controlled Oral Word Association), functional decline (Karnofsky Performance Scale, Barthel-ADL), and adverse events. Follow-up will be at 1,3,6,9, and 12 months, then q 6 months through 5 years. CONCLUSIONS This will be the first randomized trial comparing R+SRS versus R+CTBT delivered by Cs-131 sources in permanently implanted resorbable collagen tile carriers. Primary and secondary outcome measures will be captured to elucidate the potential risks and benefits of these two differing approaches for patients with metastatic brain tumors.

scholarly journals Restoring redox balance enhances contractility in heart trabeculae from type 2 diabetic rats exposed to high glucose

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (4) ◽  
pp. H291-H302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj M. Bhatt ◽  
Miguel A. Aon ◽  
Carlo G. Tocchetti ◽  
Xiaoxu Shen ◽  
Swati Dey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Contractile Function ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Hearts from type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects are chronically subjected to hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, both thought to contribute to oxidizing conditions and contractile dysfunction. How redox alterations and contractility interrelate, ultimately diminishing T2DM heart function, remains poorly understood. Herein we tested whether the fatty acid palmitate (Palm), in addition to its energetic contribution, rescues function by improving redox [glutathione (GSH), NAD(P)H, less oxidative stress] in T2DM rat heart trabeculae subjected to high glucose. Using cardiac trabeculae from Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) rats, we assessed the impact of low glucose (EG) and high glucose (HG), in absence or presence of Palm or insulin, on force development, energetics, and redox responses. We found that in EG ZDF and lean trabeculae displayed similar contractile work, yield of contractile work (Ycw), representing the ratio of force time integral over rate of O2 consumption. Conversely, HG had a negative impact on Ycw, whereas Palm, but not insulin, completely prevented contractile loss. This effect was associated with higher GSH, less oxidative stress, and augmented matrix GSH/thioredoxin (Trx) in ZDF mitochondria. Restoration of myocardial redox with GSH ethyl ester also rescued ZDF contractile function in HG, independently from Palm. These results support the idea that maintained redox balance, via increased GSH and Trx antioxidant activities to resist oxidative stress, is an essential protective response of the diabetic heart to keep contractile function.

Neurocognitive outcome in children with sensorineural hearing loss after treatment of malignant embryonal brain tumors.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2029-2029
Author(s):  
Christine Dahl ◽  
Iska Moxon-Emre ◽  
Vijay Ramaswamy ◽  
Ute Katharina Bartels ◽  
Uri Tabori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Verbal Language ◽  
Intellectual Function ◽  
Embryonal Brain ◽  
Mild Hearing Loss ◽  
The Impact

2029 Background: Neurological side effects associated with childhood brain tumors and their treatments contribute to long term neurocognitive morbidity. The aims of this study were to identify the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in a large sample of children treated for malignant brain tumors, and to evaluate the potential relationship between SNHL and intellectual functioning following the completion of treatment. Methods: We conducted a prospective follow-up study at a single center with review of 119 patients treated for embryonal brain tumors at the Hospital for Sick Children, between 1996-2015, to analyze the impact of significant SNHL (Chang > 2b) on intellectual function. Hearing was assessed post-treatment (median age: 13.5y (+4.5)) and the median age for neurocognitive testing was 12.8y (+ 4.1). The median interval from time of diagnosis was 5.8y (+ 3.7). Results: Severe SNHL was identified in half the patients (50.4%, n = 60/119). We identified a subset of patients (n = 61) who had assessments of intellectual function. In this cohort, intellectual function was significantly poorer in the group with severe SNHL, even after controlling for the effect of craniospinal radiation (severe SNHL 22.4 Gy + 13.3, no or mild hearing loss 20.4 Gy +12.8) and boost dose and volume. Children experiencing severe SNHL had lower overall IQ (severe SNHL 72.4 + 16.6; no/mild hearing loss 92.0 + 20.5) p < 0.001 and in significantly lower verbal comprehension (severe SNHL 78.7 + 15.9; no/mild hearing loss 94.7 + 13.8) p < 0.001, and working memory (severe SNHL 78.2+ 17.6; no/mild hearing loss 94.8 + 16.4) p < 0.001, scores. Conclusions: Hearing loss is a much more significant complication in children with embryonal brain tumors than previously estimated. We show the profound impact of hearing loss on intellectual deficit in children. Namely, patients with severe SNHL have difficulty using and understanding verbal language, and they have a reduced ability to concentrate and manipulate information in short-term memory. Our results have implications on future trial designs and follow-up of children treated for embryonal brain tumors.

scholarly journals Exercise training improves vascular mitochondrial function

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (7) ◽  
pp. H821-H829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song-Young Park ◽  
Matthew J. Rossman ◽  
Jayson R. Gifford ◽  
Leena P. Bharath ◽  
Johann Bauersachs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species Generation ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory

Exercise training is recognized to improve cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity; however, the impact of chronic exercise on vascular mitochondrial respiratory function is unknown. We hypothesized that exercise training concomitantly increases both vascular mitochondrial respiratory capacity and vascular function. Arteries from both sedentary (SED) and swim-trained (EX, 5 wk) mice were compared in terms of mitochondrial respiratory function, mitochondrial content, markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, redox balance, nitric oxide (NO) signaling, and vessel function. Mitochondrial complex I and complex I + II state 3 respiration and the respiratory control ratio (complex I + II state 3 respiration/complex I state 2 respiration) were greater in vessels from EX relative to SED mice, despite similar levels of arterial citrate synthase activity and mitochondrial DNA content. Furthermore, compared with the SED mice, arteries from EX mice displayed elevated transcript levels of peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and the downstream targets cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV isoform 1, isocitrate dehydrogenase ( Idh) 2, and Idh3a, increased manganese superoxide dismutase protein expression, increased endothelial NO synthase phosphorylation (Ser1177), and suppressed reactive oxygen species generation (all P < 0.05). Although there were no differences in EX and SED mice concerning endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation, phenylephrine-induced vasocontraction was blunted in vessels from EX compared with SED mice, and this effect was normalized by NOS inhibition. These training-induced increases in vascular mitochondrial respiratory capacity and evidence of improved redox balance, which may, at least in part, be attributable to elevated NO bioavailability, have the potential to protect against age- and disease-related challenges to arterial function.

scholarly journals Apocynin Prevents Abnormal Megakaryopoiesis and Platelet Activation Induced by Chronic Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Sandrini ◽  
Alessandro Ieraci ◽  
Patrizia Amadio ◽  
Maurizio Popoli ◽  
Elena Tremoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Reticulated Platelets ◽  
Swimming Stress ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Maturation State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Plasma Malondialdehyde

Environmental chronic stress (ECS) has been identified as a trigger of acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Changes in redox balance, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and platelet hyperreactivity were detected in both ECS and ACS. However, the mechanisms by which ECS predisposes to thrombosis are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the impact of ECS on platelet activation and megakaryopoiesis in mice and the effect of Apocynin in this experimental setting. ECS induced by 4 days of forced swimming stress (FSS) treatment predisposed to arterial thrombosis and increased oxidative stress (e.g., plasma malondialdehyde levels). Interestingly, Apocynin treatment prevented these alterations. In addition, FSS induced abnormal megakaryopoiesis increasing the number and the maturation state of bone marrow megakaryocytes (MKs) and affecting circulating platelets. In particular, a higher number of large and reticulated platelets with marked functional activation were detected after FSS. Apocynin decreased the total MK number and prevented their ability to generate ROS without affecting the percentage of CD42d+ cells, and it reduced the platelet hyperactivation in stressed mice. In conclusion, Apocynin restores the physiological megakaryopoiesis and platelet behavior, preventing the detrimental effect of chronic stress on thrombosis, suggesting its potential use in the occurrence of thrombosis associated with ECS.

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