scholarly journals Alternative Fuels in Cement Manufacturing

10.5772/22319 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moses P.M.
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Manufacturing

Carbon Management in an Emissions-Intensive Industry in a Developing Economy: Cement Manufacturing in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Togar W. S. Panjaitan ◽  
Paul Dargusch ◽  
Ammar A. Aziz ◽  
David Wadley
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Carbon Management ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalents ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Capital Intensive

Around 600 Mt carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHG) emission originates from energy production and consumption in Indonesia annually. Of this output, 40 Mt CO2e comes from cement production. This makes the cement industry a key sector to target in Indonesia’s quest to reduce its emissions by 26% by 2020. Substantial opportunities exist for the industry to reduce emissions, mainly through clinker substitution, alternative fuels, and the modernization of kiln technologies. However, most of these abatement options are capital intensive and considered as noncore business. Due to this, the private sector is unlikely to voluntarily invest in emission reduction unless it saves money, improves revenue, enhances the strategic position of the firm, or unless governments provide incentives or force adoption through regulatory and policy controls. In this study, we review the profile of the Indonesian cement industry and assess the carbon management and climate policy actions available to reduce emissions. The case highlights opportunities for improved carbon management in emission-intensive industries in developing countries.

scholarly journals Theoretical Study on the Production of Environment-Friendly Recycled Cement Using Inorganic Construction Wastes as Secondary Materials in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihoon Kim ◽  
Sungho Tae ◽  
Rakhyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Waste Gypsum ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
By Products

The cement industry endeavors to reduce CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing by utilizing industrial by-products as alternative fuels and developing secondary concrete products from construction wastes. With these efforts, the cement industry is attempting to become more eco-friendly and reduce environmental load. This study analyzed the possibility of using inorganic construction wastes to produce environmentally friendly recycled cement using the process of proportioning. To this end, the types and production trends of recyclable construction wastes and previous studies on the development of recycled cement using such construction wastes were analyzed. Based on this analysis, recyclable inorganic construction wastes were selected, and real waste was collected. The chemical composition of each inorganic construction waste was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence, and the composition of ordinary commercial cement was used as the baseline. After the collected inorganic construction wastes were mixed, they were fired using the Bogue formula. The mineral components of clinker, which was generated from the firing process, were predicted and analyzed. Waste gypsum board and ceiling materials were shown to contain large amounts of CaO, which could substitute limestone—a key component of cement. These results suggested that if the limestone content was greater than 85 wt %, mixing inorganic construction wastes in appropriate proportions could be used to develop various types of Portland cement.

Cement manufacturing using alternative fuels and the advantages of process modelling

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Kääntee ◽  
R. Zevenhoven ◽  
R. Backman ◽  
M. Hupa
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Process Modelling ◽  
Cement Manufacturing

scholarly journals Recent Progress in Green Cement Technology Utilizing Low-Carbon Emission Fuels and Raw Materials: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Naqi ◽  
Jeong Jang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Cement Manufacturing

The cement industry is facing numerous challenges in the 21st century due to depleting natural fuel resources, shortage of raw materials, exponentially increasing cement demand and climate linked environmental concerns. Every tonne of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) produced releases an equivalent amount of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. In this regard, cement manufactured from locally available minerals and industrial wastes that can be blended with OPC as substitute, or full replacement with novel clinkers to reduce the energy requirements is strongly desirable. Reduction in energy consumption and carbon emissions during cement manufacturing can be achieved by introducing alternative cements. The potential of alternative cements as a replacement of conventional OPC can only be fully realized through detailed investigation of binder properties with modern technologies. Seven prominent alternative cement types are considered in this study and their current position compared to OPC has been discussed. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of options for future cements, and an up-to-date summary of the different alternative fuels and binders that can be used in cement production to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. In addition, the practicalities and benefits of producing the low-cost materials to meet the increasing cement demand are discussed.

scholarly journals Feasibility of backfilling mines using cement kiln dust, fly ash, and cement blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01072
Author(s):  
H. Beltagui ◽  
M. Sonebi ◽  
K. Maguire ◽  
S. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
Pulverized Fuel ◽  
Pulverized Fuel Ash ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Kiln Dust

Cement kiln dust (CKD) is an industrial by-product of the cement manufacturing process, the composition of which can vary widely. Recent years of using alternative fuels have resulted in higher chloride and alkali contents within CKDs; as such, this limits the applications in which CKDs can be utilised. Using a CKD containing a high free lime content of 29.5%, it is shown that this CKD is capable of activating pulverized fuel ash (PFA) due to its high alkalinity, which can be utilised in low strength un-reinforced applications. One potential application involves the backfill of mines, reducing the need for continuous maintenance of the mine. This study focuses on the compressive strength achieved by various blends of CKD, PFA, and cement. Samples were hand mixed and compacted in 100 mm x 50 mm diameter cylinders, and unconfined compressive strength measurements taken at 28 and 56 days. The hydration products were assessed through the use of x-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Aiming to maximise the use of CKD at a water to binder (w/b) ratio of 0.2, it was found that the maximum CKD content possible to achieve the required strength was 90% CKD blended with 10% cement.

scholarly journals A Review on Pyroprocessing Techniques for Selected Wastes Used for Blended Cement Production Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Protus Nalobile ◽  
Jackson Muthengia Wachira ◽  
Joseph Karanja Thiong’o ◽  
Joseph Mwiti Marangu
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bleaching Earth ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Reference List ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Pozzolanic Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Cement Manufacturing

Pyroprocessing is an important stage in cement manufacturing. In this process, materials are subjected to high temperatures so as to cause a chemical or physical change. Its control improves efficiency in energy utilization and hence enhances production for good quality assurance. Kilns used in cement manufacturing are complex in nature. They have longer time constants, and raw materials used have variable properties. They are therefore difficult to control. Additionally, the inclusion of various alternative fuels in burning makes the process more complex as the fuel characteristics remain inconsistent throughout the kiln operation. Fuel intensity standards for kilns using fuel oil are very high, ranging from 2.9 GJ to 7.5 GJ/ton of clinker produced. Grinding of clinker consumes power in the range of 2.5 kWh/ton of clinker produced. These and other pyroprocessing parameters make cement production costly. The pyroprocessing process in kilns and the grinding technologies therefore have to be optimized for best processing. This paper discusses the cement manufacturing and grinding processes. The traditional kiln technologies and the current and emerging technologies together with general fuel and energy requirements of cement manufacturing have been discussed. From the discussion, it has been established that the cement manufacturing and grinding technologies are capital-intensive investments. The kiln processes are advanced and use both electricity and natural fuels which are expensive and limited factors of production. The raw materials used in cement manufacturing are also limited and sometimes rare. The calcination of the raw materials requires external energy input which has contributed to the high cost of cement especially to low-income population in the developing countries. Self-calcining materials, in which the pozzolanic materials burn on their own, are potential pozzolanic materials with great potential to lower the cost of cement production. Such materials, as shown from the previous research study, are rice husks, broken bricks, spent bleaching earth, and lime sludge. There is a need, therefore, for research to look into ways of making cement using kiln processes that would use this property. This will be cost-effective if successful. It can be done at micro- and small-scale enterprise.

scholarly journals Use of Non-Hazardous Solid Waste as Alternative Fuels in Cement Manufacturing Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ghizlane Bouabid ◽  
Fouzia Byoud ◽  
Nisrine Benzbiria ◽  
Driss Nahya ◽  
Mohammed Azzi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Combustion Regime ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Flow Acceleration ◽  
Hazardous Solid Waste ◽  
Cement Manufacturing

The incineration of non-hazardous solid waste and its use as alternative fuel in cement manufacturing process was studied and simulated under the effect of air flow acceleration in a laboratory scale reactor. Firstly, analysis of the different waste materials (textile, wood and paper) was performed separately, showing that textile samples presented the highest levels of heavy metals (H.M). In the course of a test run using solid recovered fuel (SRF), the mass balance of heavy metals revealed that lead and chromium probably volatilized during firing while arsenic, cadmium and zinc were trapped in clinker. As to gaseous emissions, heavy metals concentration in the stack remained relatively low and below the standard limits. Secondly, the temperature and concentration of gases flue was monitored. It was shown that the combustion regime is characterized by low reaction temperatures and an oxygen-deficient environment. Air injection rate affected significantly the formation and degradation mechanisms of the emitted gases concentrations, particularly CO, CO2, NO, NOx, SO2. Textile waste exhibited the lowest concentration of emitted gases compared to the other types of waste.

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