scholarly journals The Immunopathogenesis of Neurotropic Flavivirus Infection

10.5772/22243 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
King NJC ◽  
van Vreden ◽  
Terry RL ◽  
Getts DR ◽  
Yeung AWS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flavivirus Infection

scholarly journals Flavivirus NS1 and Its Potential in Vaccine Development

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Kassandra L. Carpio ◽  
Alan D. T. Barrett
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Virus Assembly ◽  
Ns1 Protein ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Unusual Structure ◽  
Replication Complex ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Flavivirus Infection

The Flavivirus genus contains many important human pathogens, including dengue, Japanese encephalitis (JE), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), West Nile (WN), yellow fever (YF) and Zika (ZIK) viruses. While there are effective vaccines for a few flavivirus diseases (JE, TBE and YF), the majority do not have vaccines, including WN and ZIK. The flavivirus nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein has an unusual structure–function because it is glycosylated and forms different structures to facilitate different roles intracellularly and extracellularly, including roles in the replication complex, assisting in virus assembly, and complement antagonism. It also plays a role in protective immunity through antibody-mediated cellular cytotoxicity, and anti-NS1 antibodies elicit passive protection in animal models against a virus challenge. Historically, NS1 has been used as a diagnostic marker for the flavivirus infection due to its complement fixing properties and specificity. Its role in disease pathogenesis, and the strong humoral immune response resulting from infection, makes NS1 an excellent target for inclusion in candidate flavivirus vaccines.

Reactivity of serum samples from patients with a flavivirus infection measured by immunofluorescence assay and ELISA

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1209-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelopie Koraka ◽  
Herve Zeller ◽  
Matthias Niedrig ◽  
Albert D.M.E Osterhaus ◽  
Jan Groen
Keyword(s):  
Immunofluorescence Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Flavivirus Infection

Innate and adaptive immune responses to tick-borne flavivirus infection in sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Mansfield ◽  
Nicholas Johnson ◽  
Ashley C. Banyard ◽  
Alejandro Núñez ◽  
Matthew Baylis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Flavivirus Infection

scholarly journals The Ability of Zika virus Intravenous Immunoglobulin to Protect From or Enhance Zika Virus Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia K. Pinto ◽  
Mariah Hassert ◽  
Xiaobing Han ◽  
Douglas Barker ◽  
Trevor Carnelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Polyclonal Antibody ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Antibody Therapeutics ◽  
The World ◽  
Flavivirus Infection

The closely related flaviviruses, dengue and Zika, cause significant human disease throughout the world. While cross-reactive antibodies have been demonstrated to have the capacity to potentiate disease or mediate protection during flavivirus infection, the mechanisms responsible for this dichotomy are still poorly understood. To understand how the human polyclonal antibody response can protect against, and potentiate the disease in the context of dengue and Zika virus infection we used intravenous hyperimmunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations in a mouse model of the disease. Three IVIGs (ZIKV-IG, Control-Ig and Gamunex®) were evaluated for their ability to neutralize and/or enhance Zika, dengue 2 and 3 viruses in vitro. The balance between virus neutralization and enhancement provided by the in vitro neutralization data was used to predict the IVIG concentrations which could protect or enhance Zika, and dengue 2 disease in vivo. Using this approach, we were able to define the unique in vivo dynamics of complex polyclonal antibodies, allowing for both enhancement and protection from flavivirus infection. Our results provide a novel understanding of how polyclonal antibodies interact with viruses with implications for the use of polyclonal antibody therapeutics and the development and evaluation of the next generation flavivirus vaccines.

scholarly journals Antiviral Effects of an Iminosugar Derivative on Flavivirus Infections

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 3596-3604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Fen Wu ◽  
Chyan-Jang Lee ◽  
Ching-Len Liao ◽  
Raymond A. Dwek ◽  
Nicole Zitzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Antiviral Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lethal Challenge ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Virus Serotype ◽  
Viral Glycoproteins ◽  
Flavivirus Infection

ABSTRACT Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) α-glucosidase inhibitors, which block the trimming step of N-linked glycosylation, have been shown to eliminate the production of several ER-budding viruses. Here we investigated the effects of one such inhibitor, N-nonyl-deoxynojirimycin (NN-DNJ), a 9-carbon alkyl iminosugar derivative, on infection by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and dengue virus serotype 2 (DEN-2). In the presence of NN-DNJ, JEV and DEN-2 infections were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect appeared to influence DEN-2 infection more than JEV infection, since lower concentrations of NN-DNJ substantially blocked DEN-2 replication. Secretion of the flaviviral glycoproteins E and NS1 was greatly reduced, and levels of DEN-2 viral RNA replication measured by fluorogenic reverse transcription-PCR were also decreased, by NN-DNJ. Notably, the viral glycoproteins, prM, E, and NS1 were found to associate transiently with the ER chaperone calnexin, and this interaction was affected by NN-DNJ, suggesting a potential role of calnexin in the folding of flaviviral glycoproteins. Additionally, in a mouse model of lethal challenge by JEV infection, oral delivery of NN-DNJ reduced the mortality rate. These findings show that NN-DNJ has an antiviral effect on flavivirus infection, likely through interference with virus replication at the posttranslational modification level, occurring mainly in the ER.

scholarly journals Flavivirus Infection Associated with Cerebrovascular Events

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Cássia F. Estofolete ◽  
Bruno H. G. A. Milhim ◽  
Nathalia Zini ◽  
Samuel N. Scamardi ◽  
Joana D’Arc Selvante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Saint Louis ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Hyperendemic Area ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Flavivirus Infection ◽  
Saint Louis Encephalitis

Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of the genus Flavivirus are distributed globally and cause significant human disease and mortality annually. Flavivirus infections present a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to severe manifestations, including hemorrhage, encephalitis and death. Herein, we describe 3 case reports of cerebrovascular involvement in patients infected by dengue and Zika viruses in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil, a hyperendemic area for arbovirus circulation, including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Saint Louis encephalitis viruses. Our findings highlight the potential threat that unusual clinical manifestations may pose to arbovirus disease management and recovery.

scholarly journals Direct Complement Restriction of Flavivirus Infection Requires Glycan Recognition by Mannose-Binding Lectin

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Fuchs ◽  
Tsai-Yu Lin ◽  
David W. Beasley ◽  
Cordula M. Stover ◽  
Wilhelm J. Schwaeble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mannose Binding Lectin ◽  
Mannose Binding ◽  
Flavivirus Infection ◽  
Binding Lectin

scholarly journals Structural Insights into the Mechanisms of Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of Flavivirus Infection: Implications for Vaccine Development

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore C. Pierson ◽  
Daved H. Fremont ◽  
Richard J. Kuhn ◽  
Michael S. Diamond
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Flavivirus Infection ◽  
Structural Insights
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