scholarly journals Synchrotron Radiation: Applications in Diagnosis and Treatment of Malignant Brain Tumors

10.5772/21639 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaiser ◽  
Umashankar Das ◽  
Yanjie Lu ◽  
Vijayanada Kundapur ◽  
Tim May
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors

scholarly journals 18F-FDG PET in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuyuki Kawai ◽  
Keisuke Miyake ◽  
Yuka Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Nishiyama ◽  
Takashi Tamiya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Positron Emission

This paper summarizes the usefulness and limitation of positron emission tomography (PET) with18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in the diagnosis and treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). The18F-FDG uptake in typical PCNSL is about 2.5 times higher than that in the normal gray matter, and the tumor can usually be identified visually. The18F-FDG uptake pattern and value provide useful information for differentiating PCNSL from other enhancing malignant brain tumors especially glioblastoma (GB). The18F-FDG uptake in typical PCNSL is usually homogenous, and the uptake value is significantly higher than that in GB. However,18F-FDG PET often fails to show the presence of tumor in the brain as18F-FDG uptake is faint in atypical PCNSL such as disseminated or nonenhancing lesions.18F-FDG PET is also useful for evaluating the treatment response at a very early stage after the initial treatment. Pretreatment and posttreatment18F-FDG uptake values may have a prognostic value in patients with PCNSL. In conclusion,18F-FDG PET is very useful in the diagnosis of typical PCNSL and can differentiate PCNSL from other malignant brain tumors. However, the usefulness of18F-FDG PET is limited in the diagnosis of atypical PCNSL.

LOCAL HYPERTHERMIA IN TREATMENT FOR MALIGNANT BRAIN TUMORS

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
A. Ryabova ◽  
O. Gribova ◽  
V. Novikov ◽  
E. Choinzonov ◽  
Zh. Starceva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Local Hyperthermia ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Sensitizing Effect ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

Unsatisfactory results of complex treatment for malignant brain tumors stimulate search of new effective methods of treatment. Radiation therapy is an integral part of the combined treatment but often does not influence lethally on resistant tumor cells. Thereby in recent decades there has been an active search for different modifiers, which can increase the sensitivity of tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. One of the universal sensitizers is the local hyperthermia. Experimental data showed that the effect of high temperatures had both a direct damaging effect on tumor cells and a sensitizing effect. The literature review given in the article provides an overview of the existing methods of the local hyperthermia for brain tumors treatment.

scholarly journals Glioblastoma and MiRNAs

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1581
Author(s):  
Swalih P. Ahmed ◽  
Javier S. Castresana ◽  
Mehdi H. Shahi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most common types of lethal brain tumors. Although several treatment options are available including surgery, along with adjuvant chemo and radiotherapy, the disease has a poor prognosis and patients generally die within 14 months of diagnosis. GB is chemo and radio resistant. Thus, there is a critical need for new insights into GB treatment to increase the chance of therapeutic success. This is why microRNA (miRNA) is being potentially considered in the diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma. The objective of our review is to provide a holistic picture of GB up-regulated and down-regulated miRNA, in relationship with the expression of other genes, cell signaling pathways, and their role in GB diagnosis and treatment. MiRNA treatment is being considered to be used against GB together with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, the use of miRNA as a diagnostic tool has also begun. Knowing that miRNAs are isolated in almost all human body fluids and that there are more than 3000 miRNAs in the human genome, plus the fact that each miRNA controls hundreds of different mRNAs, there is still much study needed to explore how miRNAs relate to GB for its proliferation, progression, and inhibition.

scholarly journals The Challenge of Diagnosing Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome in Brain Malignancies from Young Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4629
Author(s):  
Cristina Carrato ◽  
Carolina Sanz ◽  
Ana María Muñoz-Mármol ◽  
Ignacio Blanco ◽  
Marta Pineda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Mismatch Repair ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Mismatch Repair Deficiency ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumors ◽  
Repair Deficiency ◽  
Clinical Awareness ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency

Biallelic germline mismatch repair (MMR) gene (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) mutations are an extremely rare event that causes constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) syndrome. CMMRD is underdiagnosed and often debuts with pediatric malignant brain tumors. A high degree of clinical awareness of the CMMRD phenotype is needed to identify new cases. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assessment of MMR protein expression and analysis of microsatellite instability (MSI) are the first tools with which to initiate the study of this syndrome in solid malignancies. MMR IHC shows a hallmark pattern with absence of staining in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells for the biallelic mutated gene. However, MSI often fails in brain malignancies. The aim of this report is to draw attention to the peculiar IHC profile that characterizes CMMRD syndrome and to review the difficulties in reaching an accurate diagnosis by describing the case of two siblings with biallelic MSH6 germline mutations and brain tumors. Given the difficulties involved in early diagnosis of CMMRD we propose the use of the IHC of MMR proteins in all malignant brain tumors diagnosed in individuals younger than 25 years-old to facilitate the diagnosis of CMMRD and to select those neoplasms that will benefit from immunotherapy treatment.

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