scholarly journals Desktop Robot Based Rapid Prototyping System: An Advanced Extrusion Based Processing of Biopolymers into 3D Tissue Engineering Scaffolds

10.5772/20509 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Enamul ◽  
Y. Leng
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Rapid Prototyping System

Fabrication of Photo-Polymerized PCL Tissue Engineering Scaffolds by Dynamic Masking Rapid Prototyping System

2013 ◽  
Vol 750 ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih Lin Cheng ◽  
Chin Jen Hsueh ◽  
Su Hai Hsiang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Basic Element ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Rapid Prototyping System ◽  
Interconnected Pore

PCL is one of the popular biomaterials used in tissue engineering scaffolds, but it is seldom shaped by photo-polymerization. Layered manufacturing techniques, also known as Rapid Prototyping (RP) processes, provide a great opportunity to fabricate 3D scaffolds without problems such as limited control of pore-size and restricted geometric shapes in traditional methods. In our previous researches, the Biomedical Dynamic Masking Rapid Prototyping System was developed to photo-cure biodegradable materials through visible light. In this research, the Dynamic Masking RP System was modified to photo-polymerize cross-linkable PCL to form tissue engineering scaffolds. The cross-linkable PCL was synthesized by reacting PCL and acryloyl chloride, and dissolved in acetone mixing with photo-initiator. The tensile test and degradation test were performed on the cured PCL samples. Fabrication of single-layer pattern was first tested to understand the system’s capability and showed the errors were within 7%. Two types of scaffold design concepts were adopted—one took square, hexagon, or triangle as a basic element to create 2D grid patterns, and the interconnected pore were produced by offsetting the 2D pattern in alternating layers; the other took a double-sided trapezoid as a unit and arrayed it into tube shape with interconnected pore network. Various PCL porous tube scaffolds have been successfully fabricated in this study. In the future, they can be utilized to cell growth or mass cell duplication applications.

A Process to Make Collagen Scaffolds with an Artificial Circulatory System using Rapid Prototyping

2002 ◽  
Vol 758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Sachlos ◽  
Nuno Reis ◽  
Chris Ainsley ◽  
Brian Derby ◽  
Jan T. Czernuszka
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Collagen Scaffolds ◽  
Biodegradable Scaffolds ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Rapid Prototyping System

ABSTRACTTissue engineering aims to produce biological substitutes to restore or repair damaged human tissues or organs. The principle strategy behind tissue engineering involves seeding relevant cell(s) onto porous 3D biodegradable scaffolds. The scaffold acts as a temporary substrate where the cells can attach and then proliferate and differentiate. Collagen is the major protein constituent of the extracellular matrix in the human body and therefore an attractive scaffold material. Current collagen scaffolds are foams which limit the mass transport of oxygen and nutrients deep into the scaffold, and consequently cannot support the growth of thick-cross sections of tissue (greater than 500 μm). We have developed a novel process to make collagen and collagen-hydroxyapatite scaffolds containing an internal artificial circulatory system in the form of branching channels using a sacrificial mould, casting and critical point drying technique. The mould is made using a commercial rapid prototyping system, the Model-Maker II, and is designed to possess a series of connected shafts. The mould is dissolved away and the solvent itself removed by critical point drying with liquid carbon dioxide. Processed hydroxyapatite has been characterised by XRD and FTIR analysis. Tissue engineering with collagen scaffolds possessing controlled internal microarchitecture may be the key to growing thick cross-sections of human tissue.

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