scholarly journals Cell Cycle Modification in Trophoblast Cell Populations in the Course of Placenta Formation

10.5772/19364 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Zybina ◽  
Eugenia Zybi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Trophoblast Cell ◽  
Cell Populations

scholarly journals Cellular Senescence in Liver Disease and Regeneration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Ferreira-Gonzalez ◽  
Daniel Rodrigo-Torres ◽  
Victoria L. Gadd ◽  
Stuart J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Cell Cycle Arrest ◽  
Genomic Instability ◽  
Cellular Senescence ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Extent Of Damage

AbstractCellular senescence is an irreversible cell cycle arrest implemented by the cell as a result of stressful insults. Characterized by phenotypic alterations, including secretome changes and genomic instability, senescence is capable of exerting both detrimental and beneficial processes. Accumulating evidence has shown that cellular senescence plays a relevant role in the occurrence and development of liver disease, as a mechanism to contain damage and promote regeneration, but also characterizing the onset and correlating with the extent of damage. The evidence of senescent mechanisms acting on the cell populations of the liver will be described including the role of markers to detect cellular senescence. Overall, this review intends to summarize the role of senescence in liver homeostasis, injury, disease, and regeneration.

scholarly journals Quiescent, Slow-Cycling Stem Cell Populations in Cancer: A Review of the Evidence and Discussion of Significance

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Moore ◽  
Stephen Lyle
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Cell Cycle Regulators ◽  
Slow Cycling ◽  
Stem Cell Populations

Long-lived cancer stem cells (CSCs) with indefinite proliferative potential have been identified in multiple epithelial cancer types. These cells are likely derived from transformed adult stem cells and are thought to share many characteristics with their parental population, including a quiescent slow-cycling phenotype. Various label-retaining techniques have been used to identify normal slow cycling adult stem cell populations and offer a unique methodology to functionally identify and isolate cancer stem cells. The quiescent nature of CSCs represents an inherent mechanism that at least partially explains chemotherapy resistance and recurrence in posttherapy cancer patients. Isolating and understanding the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms of quiescent cancer cells will be a key component to creation of future therapies that better target CSCs and totally eradicate tumors. Here we review the evidence for quiescent CSC populations and explore potential cell cycle regulators that may serve as future targets for elimination of these cells.

scholarly journals Loss of Melanopsin (OPN4) Leads to a Faster Cell Cycle Progression and Growth in Murine Melanocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 1436-1450
Author(s):  
Leonardo Vinícius Monteiro de Assis ◽  
Maria Nathália Moraes ◽  
Davi Mendes ◽  
Matheus Molina Silva ◽  
Carlos Frederico Martins Menck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Independent Functions

Skin melanocytes harbor a complex photosensitive system comprised of opsins, which were shown, in recent years, to display light- and thermo-independent functions. Based on this premise, we investigated whether melanopsin, OPN4, displays such a role in normal melanocytes. In this study, we found that murine Opn4KO melanocytes displayed a faster proliferation rate compared to Opn4WT melanocytes. Cell cycle population analysis demonstrated that OPN4KO melanocytes exhibited a faster cell cycle progression with reduced G0–G1, and highly increased S and slightly increased G2/M cell populations compared to the Opn4WT counterparts. Expression of specific cell cycle-related genes in Opn4KO melanocytes exhibited alterations that corroborate a faster cell cycle progression. We also found significant modification in gene and protein expression levels of important regulators of melanocyte physiology. PER1 protein level was higher while BMAL1 and REV-ERBα decreased in Opn4KO melanocytes compared to Opn4WT cells. Interestingly, the gene expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) was upregulated in Opn4KO melanocytes, which is in line with a higher proliferative capability. Taken altogether, we demonstrated that OPN4 regulates cell proliferation, cell cycle, and affects the expression of several important factors of the melanocyte physiology; thus, arguing for a putative tumor suppression role in melanocytes.

scholarly journals Theoretical Basis for the Measurement of Small Differences in the Length of the Cell Cycle between Two Cell Populations

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Juan Sebastian Yakisich
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Experimental Variability ◽  
Cell Strains ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Cell Cycle Length

The length of the cell cycle (TC) is a tight regulated process and is important for proper development and homeostasis. Although several methods are available for estimating the duration of the cell cycle, it is difficult to determinate small differences of TC between two different cell populations due to biological and/or experimental variability. A novel strategy based in co-cultivation of two cell strains followed by a series of dilution and propagation of the culture will allow the quantification of very small differences in the length of two cell populations at resolution levels not possible at present with current methods. This is achieved by a separation of the endpoint variable measured to compare between two cell populations. The theoretical basis of this approach is discussed in the context of published experimental data and simulation of idealized experiments using virtual strains of different cell cycle length.

Detection of Cell Cycle Stages in situ in Growing Cell Populations

Cell Biology ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
I SOLOVEI ◽  
L SCHERMELLEH ◽  
H ALBIEZ ◽  
T CREMER
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Growing Cell

scholarly journals Dynamic nuclear lamina-chromatin interactions during G1 progression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Tran ◽  
Stephen A. Adam ◽  
Robert D. Goldman ◽  
Yixian Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Nuclear Lamina ◽  
Chromatin Interaction ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Tyramide Signal Amplification ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Chromatin Interactions

AbstractA large fraction of heterochromatin in the metazoan genome is associated with the nuclear lamina (NL) in interphase nuclei. This heterochromatin is often referred to as Lamina-Associated Domains (LADs) and are often mapped from cell populations asynchronously progressing through the cell cycle. We and others have recently reported that LADs are largely stable during G1, S, or G2 phases of the cell cycle, and appear similar to LADs mapped from bulk cell populations. LADs in senescent cells, however, are reported to be quite different from proliferating cells, and it remains unclear how senescent cell LADs are established. As cells finish mitosis and re-enter G1, reassembly of the nuclear envelope and NL appears to precede mitotic chromosome decondensation. Therefore, the initial NL interactions with the decondensing chromatin may be quite different from those reported in asynchronous or FACS isolated G1, S, or G2 populations. By developing a modified version of the Tyramide-Signal Amplification sequencing (TSA-seq), which we call chromatin pull down-based Tyramide Signal Amplification-sequencing (cTSA-seq), we uncover a dynamic NL-chromatin interaction as cells progress through G1. The appearance of stable LADs coincides with sufficient chromatin decondensation and active gene expression in G1. Interestingly, early G1 NL-chromatin interactions, which are found toward the telomeric ends of human chromosomes, are similar to those found in oncogene-induced senescent cells. We find that the assembly of LADs during the formation of the G1 nucleus is gradual and that the arrest of NL-chromatin interactions in early G1 may contribute to genome disorganization of senescence cells.

Advances and enabling technologies for phase-specific cell cycle synchronisation

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pritam Bordhan ◽  
Sajad Razavi Bazaz ◽  
Dayong Jin ◽  
Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Enabling Technologies ◽  
Targeted Gene Editing

Cell cycle synchronisation is the process of isolating cell populations at specific phases of the cell cycle from heterogeneous, asynchronous cell cultures. The process has important implications in targeted gene-editing...

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