scholarly journals Control of Mammalian Cell Behaviour Through Mimicry of the Extracellular Matrix Environment

10.5772/19343 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa McIntosh ◽  
Christopher F. van der Walle
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Cell Behaviour

scholarly journals Role of Extracellular Matrix in Development and Cancer Progression

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Walker ◽  
Elijah Mojares ◽  
Armando del Río Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Biophysical Forces ◽  
Key Drivers

The immense diversity of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins confers distinct biochemical and biophysical properties that influence cell phenotype. The ECM is highly dynamic as it is constantly deposited, remodelled, and degraded during development until maturity to maintain tissue homeostasis. The ECM’s composition and organization are spatiotemporally regulated to control cell behaviour and differentiation, but dysregulation of ECM dynamics leads to the development of diseases such as cancer. The chemical cues presented by the ECM have been appreciated as key drivers for both development and cancer progression. However, the mechanical forces present due to the ECM have been largely ignored but recently recognized to play critical roles in disease progression and malignant cell behaviour. Here, we review the ways in which biophysical forces of the microenvironment influence biochemical regulation and cell phenotype during key stages of human development and cancer progression.

Cytotoxicity of three commercial mouthrinses on extracellular matrix metabolism and human gingival cell behaviour

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Balloni ◽  
Paola Locci ◽  
Alessandro Lumare ◽  
Lorella Marinucci
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Matrix Metabolism

The role of the physicochemical environment in determining disc cell behaviour

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. G. Urban
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Disc Cells

The cells of the intervertebral disc exist in an unusual environment. They are embedded in a dense matrix containing a high concentration of aggrecan whose fixed negative charges regulate the extracellular ionic composition and osmolarity; both extracellular cation concentrations and osmolarity are considerably higher than those experienced by most cell types. The disc also is avascular. Oxygen levels in the centre of the nucleus, where cells may be 6–8 mm from the blood supply, are very low. Since metabolism is mainly by glycolysis, lactic acid is produced at high rates and hence the pH is acidic. Finally, the disc is subjected to mechanical forces at all times; these vary with posture and activity. In particular, because the disc is under low loads during rest and high loads during the day's activities, it loses and regains around 25% of its fluid over a diurnal cycle with consequent changes to the concentrations of extracellular matrix macromolecules and ions and hence extracellular osmolality. Here we will briefly review these factors and discuss the influence of changes in the physicochemical environment on cellular activity, in particular on the rate at which disc cells synthesize and degrade matrix macro-molecules.

Syndecan, a developmentally regulated cell surface proteoglycan that binds extracellular matrix and growth factors

1990 ◽  
Vol 327 (1239) ◽  
pp. 171-186 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Heparan Sulphate ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Cellular Behaviour ◽  
Cell Surface Proteoglycan

Cellular behaviour during development is dictated, in part, by the insoluble extracellular matrix and the soluble growth factor peptides, the major molecules responsible for integrating cells into morphologically and functionally defined groups. These extracellular molecules influence cellular behaviour by binding at the cell surface to specific receptors that transduce intracellular signals in various ways not yet fully clear. Syndecan, a cell surface proteoglycan found predominantly on epithelia in mature tissues binds both extracellular matrix components (fibronectin, collagens I, III, V, and thrombospondin) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Syndecan consists of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulphate chains linked to a 31 kilodalton (kDa) integral membrane protein. Syndecan represents a family of integral membrane proteoglycans that differ in extracellular domains, but share cytoplasmic domains. Syndecan behaves as a matrix receptor: it binds selectively to components of the extracellular matrix, associates intracellularly with the actin cytoskeleton when cross-linked at the cell surface, its extracellular domain is shed upon cell rounding and it localizes solely to basolateral surfaces of simple epithelia. Mammary epithelial cells made syndecan-deficient become fibroblastic in morphology and cell behaviour, showing that syndecan maintains epithelial cell morphology. Syndecan changes in quantity, location and structure during development: it appears initially on four-cell embryos (prior to its known matrix ligands), becomes restricted in the pre-implementation embryo to the cells that will form the embryo proper, changes its expression due to epithelial-mesenchymal interactions (for example, induced in kidney mesenchyme by the ureteric bud), and with association of cells with extracellular matrix (for example, during B-cell differentiation), and ultimately, in mature tissues becomes restricted to epithelial tissues. The number and size of its glycosaminoglycan chains vary with changes in cell shape and organization yielding tissue type-specific polymorphic forms of syndecan. Its interactions with the major extracellular effector molecules that influence cell behaviour, its role in maintaining cell shape and its spatial and temporal changes in expression during development indicate that syndecan is involved in morphogenesis.

scholarly journals Role of prolyl hydroxylation in the molecular interactions of collagens

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pekka Rappu ◽  
Antti M. Salo ◽  
Johanna Myllyharju ◽  
Jyrki Heino
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Collagen Structure ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Proline Hydroxylation ◽  
Prolyl Hydroxylation ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Co- and post-translational hydroxylation of proline residues is critical for the stability of the triple helical collagen structure. In this review, we summarise the biology of collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases and collagen prolyl 3-hydroxylases, the enzymes responsible for proline hydroxylation. Furthermore, we describe the potential roles of hydroxyproline residues in the complex interplay between collagens and other proteins, especially integrin and discoidin domain receptor type cell adhesion receptors. Qualitative and quantitative regulation of collagen hydroxylation may have remarkable effects on the properties of the extracellular matrix and consequently on the cell behaviour.

scholarly journals The extracellular matrix: a new dimension in disease diagnosis and treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Susan Aungier ◽  
Kim Midwood
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
3D Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Function ◽  
Function Matrix

The extracellular matrix (ECM) forms the complex and dynamic 3D environment that defines tissue structure and function. Matrix molecules provide much of the microenvironmental plasticity that dictates cell behaviour, and their dysregulated expression is associated with a wide range of diseases including cancers, and inflammatory and fibrotic conditions. Here, we describe how these matrix molecules are beginning to be used for disease diagnosis and treatment.

Modulation of smooth muscle cell behaviour by platelet-derived factors and the extracellular matrix

1986 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona E. Wren ◽  
Ana M. Schor ◽  
Seth L. Schor ◽  
Michael E. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Cell Behaviour

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Induces Apoptosis in Primary Cell Cultures of Tadpole Intestine: Cell Type Specificity and Effects of Extracellular Matrix

1997 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 1533-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Su ◽  
Yufang Shi ◽  
Melissa A. Stolow ◽  
Yun-Bo Shi
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Mammalian Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Cell Type Specificity

Thyroid hormone (T3 or 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine) plays a causative role during amphibian metamorphosis. To investigate how T3 induces some cells to die and others to proliferate and differentiate during this process, we have chosen the model system of intestinal remodeling, which involves apoptotic degeneration of larval epithelial cells and proliferation and differentiation of other cells, such as the fibroblasts and adult epithelial cells, to form the adult intestine. We have established in vitro culture conditions for intestinal epithelial cells and fibroblasts. With this system, we show that T3 can enhance the proliferation of both cell types. However, T3 also concurrently induces larval epithelial apoptosis, which can be inhibited by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Our studies with known inhibitors of mammalian cell death reveal both similarities and differences between amphibian and mammalian cell death. These, together with gene expression analysis, reveal that T3 appears to simultaneously induce different pathways that lead to specific gene regulation, proliferation, and apoptotic degeneration of the epithelial cells. Thus, our data provide an important molecular and cellular basis for the differential responses of different cell types to the endogenous T3 during metamorphosis and support a role of ECM during frog metamorphosis.

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