scholarly journals Variation in Hydraulic Conductivity by the Mobility of Heavy Metals in a Compacted Residual Soil

10.5772/18431 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rejane Nascentes ◽  
Izabel Christina Duarte de Azevedo ◽  
Ernani Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Residual Soil

Hydrological exchange and sediment characteristics in a riverbank: relationship between heavy metals and invertebrate community structure

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 2084-2097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Gibert ◽  
Sandrine Plénet ◽  
Pierre Marmonier ◽  
Vladimir Vanek
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Rhône River ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients

The first metre of bed sediments of the Rhône River functions as a filter for fluxes of heavy metals and epigean organisms between surface and interstitial environments. To study the efficacy of this bank filtration, three sampling stations were established at increasing distances from pumping wells, resulting in a gradient of hydraulic characteristics. Station A, a permanent downwelling area with very high hydraulic gradients, low hydraulic conductivity, low oxygen content, and rather high metal concentrations contained a fauna exclusively composed of epigean organisms. At station B, intermediate hydraulic gradients, high hydraulic conductivity near the surface, and variable direction of water exchanges resulted in well-oxygenated pore water and a diversified fauna with hypogean and epigean species. Finally, at station C, low hydraulic gradient, low hydraulic conductivity, low water exchange, and high sediment metal concentrations resulted in low pore-water oxygen concentrations and low interstitial fauna density and diversity. At this site, low oxygen content and low biodiversity were related to the clogging of shallow sediments and low filtration efficiency. Thus, bank filtration efficiency, a property that depends mainly on natural or human-induced hydraulic gradients and sediment granulometry, determines pore-water chemistry, metal distribution, and faunal composition in the shallow interstitial environments of the Rhône River.

scholarly journals Determination of water retention curves for one residual soil and two distinct non-woven geotextiles

2021 ◽  
Vol 337 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Raul Graça ◽  
Maria Almeida ◽  
Lúcio Villar
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Barrier Coverage ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Column Test ◽  
Capillary Barrier ◽  
Hydraulic Behavior ◽  
Similar Materials

The water retention curves (WRC) presented in this study were determined for materials constituting prototypes of evapotranspirative capillary barrier coverage, which used gneissic residual soil and non-woven geotextile. The determination of the WRC was made possible by the hanging column test for the two distinct non-woven geotextiles and the hanging column and filter paper tests for the residual soil. Both tests were executed with both the drying and wetting trajectories. The curves were adjusted and the hydraulic conductivity functions were estimated, thus enabling a greater understanding of the hydraulic behavior of the materials involved. The non-woven geotextiles and residual soil presented WRC, as expected, similar to the WRC presented in the literature for similar materials.

scholarly journals Natural sorption capability of heavy metals: Granitic residual soil from Broga and marine clay from Sg. Besar Selangor

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 13-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan Zuhairi Wan Yaacob ◽  
◽  
Abdul Rahim Samsudin ◽  
Mohd Ramziemran Mohd Ramziemran ◽  
Yik Loon Chan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Marine Clay

scholarly journals THEORETICAL STUDIES CONCERNING RESIDUAL SOIL POLLUTION BY HEAVY METALS

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
CRISTIAN RADU ◽  
VALENTIN NEDEFF ◽  
ALEXANDRA-DANA CHIŢIMUŞ
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p>The paper describes a series of theoretical aspects concerning residual soil pollution by heavy metals. Heavy metals, unlike organic and radionuclide pollutants, are considered to be the most persistent/resistant polluting substances in the soil, displaying a tendency for accumulation. The behavior of heavy metals in the soil depends on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, as well as on their origin and source. Knowledge of the properties of heavy metals is very important, having in view the necessity of applying isolation measures for a contaminated site.</p>

scholarly journals Index Properties, Hydraulic Conductivity and Contaminant-Compatibility of CMC-Treated Sodium Activated Calcium Bentonite

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1863
Author(s):  
Ri-Dong Fan ◽  
Krishna R. Reddy ◽  
Yu-Ling Yang ◽  
Yan-Jun Du
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Fluid Loss ◽  
Swell Index ◽  
Flexible Wall ◽  
Lead Zinc ◽  
Calcium Bentonite

A typical sodium activated calcium bentonite (SACaB) was treated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) polymer, called CMC-treated SACaB (CMC-SACaB), and it was investigated for its hydraulic conductivity and enhanced chemical compatibility. Index property and hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted on CMC-SACaB and SACaB with deionized water (DIW), heavy metals-laden water, and actual landfill leachate. Lead-zinc mixed (Pb-Zn) solution and hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) solution were selected as target heavy metals-laden water, and calcium (Ca) solution was tested for comparison purposes. The hydraulic conductivity (kMFL) was determined via the modified fluid loss (MFL) test. Liquid limit and swell index in DIW, heavy metal-laden water, and Ca solution increased with increasing CMC content. CMC treatment effectively decreased the kMFL of SACaB when exposed to Pb-Zn solutions with a metal concentration of 1 to 20 mmol/L and landfill leachate. An insignificant change in kMFL of CMC-SACaB occurred with exposure to Pb-Zn solutions with metal concentrations of 1 to 10 mmol/L, Cr(VI) and Ca solutions with metal concentration of 1 to 20 mmol/L, and landfill leachate. A slight increase in kMFL of CMC-SACaB was observed when Pb-Zn concentration increased to 20 mmol/L, and such an increment was more noticeable when the CMC content was lower than 10%. In the DIW, the measured kMFL values of CMC-SACaB and SACaB with a given range of void ratio were consistent with those obtained from the flexible-wall permeameter test.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals Removal from Reclaimed Water in a Laboratory Column Using a Granitic Residual Soil

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 1308
Author(s):  
Flora Silva ◽  
António Albuquerque ◽  
Victor Cavaleiro ◽  
António Carvalho ◽  
Paulo Scalize
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Continuous Mode ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Heavy Metals Removal ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Laboratory Column

The removal of five heavy metals was evaluated in vertical downflow column, with a granitic residual soil, operated in discontinuous and continuous mode. The results show higher removal rates of the five metals for the continuous mode, with highest values to Zn and Pb followed by Ni, Cu and Cr. The removal of all metals occurs mainly at the top 5 cm essentially through complexation and precipitation in the form of hydroxides.

Reducing non-uniqueness of inverting bimodal soil Kosugi hydraulic parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Fernández-Gálvez ◽  
Joseph Pollacco ◽  
Stephen McNeill ◽  
Sam Carrick ◽  
Linda Lilburne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Inverse Modelling ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Hydraulic Parameters ◽  
The Matrix

&lt;p&gt;Hydrological models use soil hydraulic parameters to describe the storage and transmission of water in soils. Hydraulic parameters define the water retention, &lt;em&gt;&amp;#952;(&amp;#968;)&lt;/em&gt;, and the hydraulic conductivity, &lt;em&gt;K(&amp;#952;)&lt;/em&gt;, functions. These functions are usually obtained by fitting experimental data to the corresponding &amp;#952;(&amp;#968;) and K(&amp;#952;) functions. The drawback of deriving the hydraulic parameters by inverse modelling is that they suffer from equifinality or non-uniqueness, and the optimal hydraulic parameters are non-physical (Pollacco &lt;em&gt;et al.&lt;/em&gt;, 2008). To reduce the non-uniqueness, it is necessary to invert the hydraulic parameters simultaneously from observations of both&lt;em&gt; &amp;#952;(&amp;#968;)&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;K(&amp;#952;&lt;/em&gt;), and ensure the measurements cover the full range of &lt;em&gt;&amp;#952;&lt;/em&gt; from fully saturated to oven dry, which requires expensive, labour-intensive measurements. &amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We present a novel procedure to derive a unique, physical set of bimodal or dual permeabilityKosugi hydraulic functions,&lt;em&gt; &amp;#952;(&amp;#968;)&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;K(&amp;#952;)&lt;/em&gt;, from inverse modelling. The Kosugi model was chosen given its parameters have direct physical meaning to the soil pore-size distribution. The challenge of using bimodal functions is they require double the number of parameters (Pollacco &lt;em&gt;et al.&lt;/em&gt;, 2017), exacerbating the problem of non-uniqueness. To address this shortcoming, we&lt;strong&gt; (1) &lt;/strong&gt;derive residual soil water content from the matrix Kosugi standard deviation, &lt;strong&gt;(2) &lt;/strong&gt;derive macropore hydraulic parameters from the soil water pressure boundary between macropore and matrix, and &lt;strong&gt;(3)&lt;/strong&gt; dynamically constraint the matrix Kosugi hydraulic parameters. We successfully reduce the number of hydraulic parameters to optimize and constrain the hydraulic parameters without compromising the fit of the &lt;em&gt;&amp;#952;(&amp;#968;)&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;K(&amp;#952;)&lt;/em&gt; functions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The robustness of the methodology is demonstrated by deriving the hydraulic parameters exclusively from&lt;em&gt; &amp;#952;(&amp;#968;)&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;K&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt;data, enabling satisfactory prediction of &lt;em&gt;K(&amp;#952;)&lt;/em&gt; without having measured K(&amp;#952;) data. Moreover, having a reduced number of hydraulic parameters that are physical allows an improved characterization of hydraulic properties of soils prone to preferential flow, which is a fundamental issue regarding the understanding of hydrological processes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pollacco, J.A.P., Ugalde, J.M.S., Angulo-Jaramillo, R., Braud, I., Saugier, B., 2008. A linking test to reduce the number of hydraulic parameters necessary to simulate groundwater recharge in unsaturated soils. Adv Water Resour 31, 355&amp;#8211;369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2007.09.002&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pollacco, J.A.P., Webb, T., McNeill, S., Hu, W., Carrick, S., Hewitt, A., Lilburne, L., 2017. Saturated hydraulic conductivity model computed from bimodal water retention curves for a range of New Zealand soils. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. 21, 2725&amp;#8211;2737. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-2725-2017&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Hydraulic performance of zero-valent iron and nano-sized zero-valent iron permeable reactive barriers – laboratory test

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Fronczyk ◽  
Katarzyna Pawluk
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Hydraulic Performance ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Permeable Reactive Barriers ◽  
Zero Valent Iron ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Column Tests ◽  
Reactive Barriers

Abstract Hydraulic performance of zero-valent iron and nano-sized zero-valent iron permeable reactive barriers - laboratory test. The hydraulic conductivity of zero-valent iron treatment zone of permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) may be decreased by reducing the porosity caused by gas production and solids precipitation. The study was undertaken in order to evaluate the influence of chloride and heavy metals on the hydraulic conductivity of ZVI and nZVI using hydraulic conductivity tests as well as continuous column tests. Results show that the lead retention in the solution had no impact for hydraulic conductivity in ZVI sample, on the other hand the calculated hydraulic conductivity losses in nZVI sample (from 4.10·10-5 to 2.30·10-5 m·s-1) were observed. Results also indicate that liquids containing the mixture of heavy metals may cause significant decrease in hydraulic conductivity (from 1.03·10-4 to 1.51·10-6 m·s-1). During the column tests, several number of clogging of the reactive material caused by iron hydroxides precipitation was observed over the course of injection of heavy metals solution. In contrast, the hydraulic conductivity of ZVI and nZVI is unaffected when they are permeated with chloride ions solution (k = 1.03·10-4 m·s-1). Finally, the results indicate the need to take account of changes in the hydraulic conductivity of reactive materials for successful implementation of PRBs technology.

scholarly journals ATTENUATION CAPACITY OF SOIL MIXED WITH PALM OIL FUEL ASH (POFA) LINER FOR TREATING LEACHATE

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (8-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Norsyahariati Nik Daud ◽  
Abubakar Sadiq Muhammed ◽  
Nadwatul Khodijah Misban ◽  
Wan Zuhairi Wan Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽  
Compacted Soil ◽  
Fuel Ash ◽  
Granite Residual Soil ◽  
Oil Fuel

This paper presents the results of a study on the effectiveness of mixtures of granite residual soil with palm oil fuel ash (POFA) to attenuate leachate contaminants. Granite residual soil samples were mixed with 0 to 15% POFA. A short term filtration processes and hydraulic conductivity test were conducted simultaneously using a falling head apparatus with natural leachate as the permeant. The values of natural attenuation capacity of the compacted soil mixed with various percentage of POFA were determine by carrying out several water quality tests on the influent and effluent. The parameters measured were Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) values and some selected heavy metal (Chromium, Copper, Manganese, Lead and Zinc). The results showed the highest reduction in hydraulic conductivity (65.4%) was achieved by the compacted soil mixed with 10% POFA. The removal rate of all parameters studied except for copper increased with the increment of POFA content

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