scholarly journals In Vitro Models of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Bronchitis ◽  
10.5772/18247 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Adamson ◽  
Linsey E ◽  
Gary Phillips ◽  
Marianna D
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

scholarly journals Th17/Treg Imbalance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Clinical and Experimental Evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Dias Lourenço ◽  
Juliana Tiyaki Ito ◽  
Milton de Arruda Martins ◽  
Iolanda de Fátima Lopes Calvo Tibério ◽  
Fernanda Degobbi Tenorio Quirino dos Santos Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses mediated by Th17 and Treg cells is deeply involved in the development and progression of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Several clinical and experimental studies have described the Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD progression. Due to its importance, many studies have also evaluated the effect of different treatments targeting Th17/Treg cells. However, discrepant results have been observed among different lung compartments, different COPD stages or local and systemic markers. Thus, the data must be carefully examined. In this context, this review explores and summarizes the recent outcomes of Th17/Treg imbalance in COPD development and progression in clinical, experimental and in vitro studies.

scholarly journals New Aspects on the Structure of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and In Vitro Generation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. e97784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Obermayer ◽  
Walter Stoiber ◽  
Wolf-Dietrich Krautgartner ◽  
Michaela Klappacher ◽  
Barbara Kofler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Extracellular Traps

Effects of the α2-Adrenoceptor Agonist Dexmedetomidine on Bronchoconstriction in Dogs

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald Groeben ◽  
Wayne Mitzner ◽  
Robert H. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Alpha2 Adrenoceptor

Background Tracheal intubation can elicit reflex bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, complicating mechanical ventilation and weaning from mechanical support. In vitro studies of human and animal bronchial tissue indicate that alpha2-adrenoceptor stimulation can lead to smooth muscle relaxation and prevention of bronchoconstriction. Dexmedetomidine is a selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist approved for sedation in the intensive care unit. Whether dexmedetomidine can affect reflex bronchoconstriction is unknown. Methods After the approval of the institutional animal care and use committee, five mongrel dogs were anesthetized with thiopental, endotracheally intubated, and ventilated, and their airways were challenged with histamine. High-resolution computed tomography was used to measure airway luminal areas at baseline and after nebulized histamine. After recovery to baseline, on separate days, dexmedetomidine (0.5 microg/kg) was administered either intravenously or as an aerosol, and the histamine challenge was repeated. Results At baseline, histamine constricted the airways to 66 +/- 27% (mean +/- SD) (P < 0.0001) and 59 +/- 30% (P < 0.0001) of maximum on the days dexmedetomidine was administered by intravenous and inhalational means, respectively. After recovery, intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine blocked the histamine-induced bronchoconstriction (87 +/- 30.4% of maximum, compared with histamine alone (P < 0.0001), whereas dexmedetomidine administered by inhalation showed no protective effect (45 +/- 30% of maximum; P < 0.0001 compared with histamine alone). Conclusion alpha2-Adrenoceptor stimulation with intravenous dexmedetomidine completely blocked histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. Therefore, dexmedetomidine might be beneficial to decrease airway reactivity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, particularly during weaning from mechanical ventilation, when neurally mediated airway reflexes may be elicited.

scholarly journals Pharmacotherapy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Focus on Arformoterol Tartrate

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. CMT.S2584
Author(s):  
Paul T King
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Dose Inhaler ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Metered Dose ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
High Degree

Arformoterol tartrate is a newly developed long-acting ssβ2-agonist with both acute and prolonged bronchodilator effects. It is formed of 2 isomers (R,R/R,R) which distinguishes it from the more commonly used racemic formoterol (R,R/S,S). The active isomer is the (R,R) and in vitro arformoterol may have more potent anti-inflammatory effects than formoterol. It can only be given by a nebulizer. There have been 5 randomized, blinded trials which have assessed the use of arformoterol in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Arformoterol has been demonstrated to improve lung function and symptoms but the subjects tested did have a high degree of airway reactivity. The medication was well tolerated with a low incidence of side effects but the trials may not have been of sufficient duration to assess this adequately. Arformoterol should be used with caution in subjects with underlying cardiac disease. The current main use of arformoterol is in those subjects with COPD who require a long acting β2-agonist but who cannot use a dry powder or metered dose inhaler preparation. Arformoterol may only need to be given once a day and can be combined with other inhaled medication particularly tiotropium for additional benefit. It potentially has a role in the management of acute exacerbations.

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