scholarly journals Air Pollution and Primordial Prevention of Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases

10.5772/16719 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parinaz Poursafa ◽  
Roya Kelishadi
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Primordial Prevention

scholarly journals Air pollution and non-communicable diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e00702
Author(s):  
Edith B Milanzi ◽  
Owen Nkoka ◽  
Victor Kanje ◽  
Peter A. M Ntenda
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Once The Eldery, Now The Youth : Epidemiological Study Of Non-Communicable Diseases Among Children Under 15 Years Of Age In Yaoundé-Cameroon

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaise Nguendo Yongsi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Primordial Prevention ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: In sub-Saharan Africa, communicable diseases have long been among the most prominent contributors to disease burden. However, like most low-income and middle-income countries across the globe, countries in sub-Saharan Africa are experiencing a shift from disease-burden profiles dominated by communicable diseases and childhood illnesses to profiles featuring an increasing predominance of chronic, non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Objective : The main objective of this study is to investigate the magnitude of non-communicable chronic diseases at the Chantal Biya Foundation in Yaoundé. Design and participants: This is an institution-based and cross-sectional study conducted from january to december 2018. Participants were in and out patients who visited the institution and whose a medical condition was clearly diagnosed. Results : Of the 643 medical records, leading causes of visit were infectious diseases (51.1%), followed by NCDs (48.9%). Diagnosed NCDs range from sickle cell disease (5.7%), injuries (9.8%), cardiovascular diseases (12.0%), to cancers (25.0%). Conclusion There is a significant burden of NCDs among adolescents in Yaoundé. Then, interventions for primordial prevention (ie, actions to inhibit the emergence of NCD risk factors) and primary prevention (ie, actions on existing NCD risk factors), as well as educational programmes on leading modifiable behavioural risk factors and metabolic risk factors are crucial.

scholarly journals Impact of Sawmill Industry on Ambient Air Quality: A Case Study of Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Raimi Morufu Olalekan ◽  
Adio Zulkarnaini Olalekan ◽  
Odipe Oluwaseun Emmanuel ◽  
Timothy Kayode Samson ◽  
Ajayi Bankole Sunday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Wood Processing

Amid sawmill busy lives, air pollution is one of the greatest casualties of our time and has increased worldwide since 1990. Today, the history of air pollution in sawmills accounts for 93.32% of the total number of wood processing industries in Nigeria, it seems daunting, overwhelming and have positioned the country at a perilous crossroad. For emerging nations such as Nigeria with a population projected to hit 410.6 million humans by 2050 with up to 40-60 million people with mental disorders at the moment, consequently more than 40,000 deaths a year will be due to air pollution. 7 million deaths worldwide is attributed to air pollution with the number set to increase significantly in coming decades mostly through non-communicable diseases like lung cancer, stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but also through acute respiratory infections like pneumonia. Similarly, around 90% of all people breathe air contaminated with pollutants. In 2015, tobacco caused 7 million deaths, 1.2 million AIDS, 1.1 million cases of tuberculosis and 0.7 million of malaria, 19% of all cardiovascular deaths, 24% of all deaths due to ischaemic heart disease. 21% of stroke deaths, and 23% of deaths from lung cancer. Non-communicable diseases are responsible for 70% of deaths from air pollution and are a major cause of unexplained infections. In addition, air pollution seems to be significant but it is still not a determinant factor of the risk of neurodegenerative disorders in children and neurodegenerative diseases in adults. This study assessed ambient air quality in major sawmill sites in Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria. Air pollution measurements were made using direct reading through automatic in situ gas monitors; Hand held mobile multi-gas monitor with model AS8900 (Combustible (LEL), and Oxygen (O2)), BLATN with model BR—Smart Series air quality monitor (PM10, Formaldehyde) and air quality multimeter with model B SIDE EET100 (Dust (PM2.5), VOC, Temperature and Relative Humidity). The results show that the mean concentrations of CO, O2 and other measured parameters such as Formaldehyde (HcHo) etc., are commonly lower and within acceptable range of National and International regulatory standards for air quality indices. There are however some exceptions such as mean concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), PM2.5, PM10 and Combustible (LEL) respectively high when compared to National and International standards. This high value is attributed to the amount of pollutant present in the sawmills due to the input of influents it receives from activities of the sawmill. This is why there has been air pollution in Ilorin metropolis and were however, found to be polluted. Given the high cost of additional measures to lessen air pollution and the new perspectives suggesting that health effects can be observed at low concentrations, the health effects of air pollution should be of scientific and regulatory interest in coming years. In the absence of aggressive control, ambient air pollution is expected to cause between 6 and 9 million deaths a year by 2060.

Food chemoprevention and air pollution: the health comes with eating

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-479
Author(s):  
Giuseppa Visalli ◽  
Alessio Facciolà ◽  
Pasqualina Laganà ◽  
Angela Di Pietro
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Disease Study

AbstractAmbient air pollution is known to be an important causative agent of many non-communicable diseases, mainly due to fine particulate matter (PM2.5). According to Global Burden Disease study in 2015, the estimated premature deaths caused by PM2.5 were 4.2 million. Besides deaths, airborne pollution’s effect on human health also has dramatic economic and social costs, contributing greatly to disability-adjusted life-year (DALY). To reduce the health impact is necessary a double approach, which includes the improvement of air quality and food chemoprevention, aimed at enhancing the homeostatic abilities of exposed subjects. The scavenging, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of nutraceuticals effectively counteract the pathogenic mechanisms common in almost all non-communicable diseases associated with air pollutants. Moreover, several bioactive compounds of food modulate, by epigenetic mechanisms, the metabolism of xenobiotics, favouring conjugation reactions and promoting excretion. This narrative review summarize the numerous pieces of evidence collected in the last decades by observational and experimental studies which underline the chemopreventive role of flavonoids, contained in several fruits and consumer beverages (wine, tea, etc.), and isothiocyanate sulforaphane, contained in the cruciferous vegetables belonging to the genus Brassica. These bioactive compounds, enhancing the individual homeostatic abilities, reduce the harmful effects of airborne pollution.

Mitochondrial dysfunction: a key player in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases linked to air pollution

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Rahavi Boovarahan ◽  
Gino A. Kurian
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Morphology ◽  
Cell Organelle ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

Abstract Air pollution has become an environmental burden with regard to non-communicable diseases, particularly heart disease. It has been reported that air pollution can accelerate the development of heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Air pollutants encompass various particulate matters (PMs), which change the blood composition and heart rate and eventually leads to cardiac failure by triggering atherosclerotic plaque ruptures or by developing irreversible ischemia. A series of major epidemiological and observational studies have established the noxious effect of air pollutants on cardiovascular diseases (CVD), but the underlying molecular mechanisms of its susceptibility and the pathological disease events remain largely elusive and are predicted to be initiated in the cell organelle. The basis of this belief is that mitochondria are one of the major targets of environmental toxicants that can damage mitochondrial morphology, function and its DNA (manifested in non-communicable diseases). In this article, we review the literature related to air pollutants that adversely affect the progression of CVD and that target mitochondrial morphological and functional activities and how mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number variation, which reflects the airborne oxidant-induced cell damage, correlates with heart failure. We conclude that environmental health assessment should focus on the cellular/circulatory mitochondrial functional copy number status, which can predict the outcome of CVD.

Adipositasprävention und non-communicable diseases

2012 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 249-251
Author(s):  
M. Braun ◽  
J. Ried
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
World Health Assembly

ZusammenfassungDie 65. World Health Assembly hat die Bekämpfung nicht-übertragbarer Krankheiten in den Mittelpunkt globaler Aufmerksamkeit und Aktivität gerückt. Da Übergewicht bzw. Adipositas wesentliche Risikofaktoren für einen erheblichen Teil dieser Erkrankungen darstellen, kommt damit der Prävention (aber auch der Therapie) erhöhten Körpergewichtes in der Programmatik der WHO besondere Bedeutung zu. Gleichzeitig führen die hochgesteckten Ziele der WHO in das fundamentale Dilemma, dass es keine Instrumente gibt, die angestrebten Prävalenz- und Reduktionsraten im vorgegebenen Zeitrahmen zu erreichen. Daraus ergeben sich eine Reihe ethischer und sozialer Fragen, unter anderem nach dem zu Grunde gelegten Modell der Adipositas und den impliziten und expliziten Verantwortlichkeiten für ihre Bekämpfung.

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