scholarly journals Hurricane-Induced Phytoplankton Blooms: Satellite Observations and Numerical Model Simulations

10.5772/15013 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghua Wang ◽  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
Wei Shi
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Phytoplankton Blooms ◽  
Model Simulations

scholarly journals Anthropogenic forcing and response yield observed positive trend in Earth’s energy imbalance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv Priyam Raghuraman ◽  
David Paynter ◽  
V. Ramaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Energy Imbalance ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Heat Uptake ◽  
Climate Model Simulations

AbstractThe observed trend in Earth’s energy imbalance (TEEI), a measure of the acceleration of heat uptake by the planet, is a fundamental indicator of perturbations to climate. Satellite observations (2001–2020) reveal a significant positive globally-averaged TEEI of 0.38 ± 0.24 Wm−2decade−1, but the contributing drivers have yet to be understood. Using climate model simulations, we show that it is exceptionally unlikely (<1% probability) that this trend can be explained by internal variability. Instead, TEEI is achieved only upon accounting for the increase in anthropogenic radiative forcing and the associated climate response. TEEI is driven by a large decrease in reflected solar radiation and a small increase in emitted infrared radiation. This is because recent changes in forcing and feedbacks are additive in the solar spectrum, while being nearly offset by each other in the infrared. We conclude that the satellite record provides clear evidence of a human-influenced climate system.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of millennial-scale atmospheric CO2 change in numerical model simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 30-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Gottschalk ◽  
Gianna Battaglia ◽  
Hubertus Fischer ◽  
Thomas L. Frölicher ◽  
Samuel L. Jaccard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Millennial Scale

scholarly journals Long-term MAX-DOAS network observations of NO<sub>2</sub> in Russia and Asia (MADRAS) during the period 2007–2012: instrumentation, elucidation of climatology, and comparisons with OMI satellite observations and global model simulations

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 7909-7927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kanaya ◽  
H. Irie ◽  
H. Takashima ◽  
H. Iwabuchi ◽  
H. Akimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Global Model ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Simulations

Abstract. We conducted long-term network observations using standardized Multi-Axis Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) instruments in Russia and ASia (MADRAS) from 2007 onwards and made the first synthetic data analysis. At seven locations (Cape Hedo, Fukue and Yokosuka in Japan, Hefei in China, Gwangju in Korea, and Tomsk and Zvenigorod in Russia) with different levels of pollution, we obtained 80 927 retrievals of tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (TropoNO2VCD) and aerosol optical depth (AOD). In the technique, the optimal estimation of the TropoNO2VCD and its profile was performed using aerosol information derived from O4 absorbances simultaneously observed at 460–490 nm. This large data set was used to analyze NO2 climatology systematically, including temporal variations from the seasonal to the diurnal scale. The results were compared with Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite observations and global model simulations. Two NO2 retrievals of OMI satellite data (NASA ver. 2.1 and Dutch OMI NO2 (DOMINO) ver. 2.0) generally showed close correlations with those derived from MAX-DOAS observations, but had low biases of up to ~50%. The bias was distinct when NO2 was abundantly present near the surface and when the AOD was high, suggesting a possibility of incomplete accounting of NO2 near the surface under relatively high aerosol conditions for the satellite observations. Except for constant biases, the satellite observations showed nearly perfect seasonal agreement with MAX-DOAS observations, suggesting that the analysis of seasonal features of the satellite data were robust. Weekend reduction in the TropoNO2VCD found at Yokosuka and Gwangju was absent at Hefei, implying that the major sources had different weekly variation patterns. While the TropoNO2VCD generally decreased during the midday hours, it increased exceptionally at urban/suburban locations (Yokosuka, Gwangju, and Hefei) during winter. A global chemical transport model, MIROC-ESM-CHEM (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate–Earth System Model–Chemistry), was validated for the first time with respect to background NO2 column densities during summer at Cape Hedo and Fukue in the clean marine atmosphere.

Numerical model simulations of brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) migration

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Turner ◽  
Y.-H. Song ◽  
K.-B. Uhm
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Brown Planthopper ◽  
Nilaparvata Lugens ◽  
Sogatella Furcifera ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Insect Movement ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Flight Level

AbstractThis paper reports on the performance of an atmospheric numerical model called BLAYER which has been adapted to forecast the movement of migrant brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) and white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvarth) populations from China to Korea. Comparison of model forecasts with trapping data for the 1987 and 1988 migration seasons indicated: (i) that the model is capable of successfully simulating the movement of planthoppers to Korea; (ii) that the model has sufficient detail to simulate insect movement into different regions of Korea; (iii) the source region for early season migrants is most likely to be south-eastern China (i.e. south of 25°N and east of 115°E); (iv) later season migrants may not necessarily always originate from an expanded northward region (south of 30°N); (v) the flight level of migrants may vary from about 500 to 2000 m altitude from one migration episode to another; and (vi) flight times ranging between 24 and 45 h are required to explain the migratory influxes. The results reported here have led to BLAYER forecasts of planthopper migration being produced on an operational basis within Korea.

scholarly journals Intensity of Hydrological Cycles in Warmer Climates

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2419-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanglin Yang ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Michael E. Schlesinger ◽  
Wanqiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sea Surface Temperatures ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Surface Warming ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Hydrological Cycles

Abstract The fact that the surface and tropospheric temperatures increase with increasing CO2 has been well documented by numerical model simulations; however, less agreement is found for the changes in the intensity of precipitation and the hydrological cycle. Here, it is demonstrated that while both the radiative heating by increasing CO2 and the resulting higher sea surface temperatures contribute to warm the atmosphere, they act against each other in changing the hydrological cycle. As a consequence, in a warmer climate forced by increasing CO2 the intensity of the hydrological cycle can be either more or less intense depending upon the degree of surface warming.

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