scholarly journals Methodology for Reusing Real-time HiL Simulation Models in the Commissioning and Operation Phase of Industrial Production Plants

10.5772/14673 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kain ◽  
Frank Schiller ◽  
Sven Domink
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Operation Phase ◽  
Hil Simulation

RTCONTACT: An Efficient Wheel-Rail Contact Algorithm for Real-Time Dynamic Simulations

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Bosso ◽  
A. Gugliotta ◽  
N. Zampieri
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Contact Algorithm ◽  
Complex Simulation ◽  
Precise Representation

Determination of contact forces exchanged between wheel and rail is one of the most important topics in railway dynamics. Recent studies are oriented to improve the existing contact methods in terms of computational efficiency on one side and on the other side to develop more complex and precise representation of the contact problem. This work shows some new results of the contact code developed at Politecnico di Torino identified as RTCONTACT; this code, which is an improvement of the CONPOL algorithm, is the result of long term activities, early versions were used in conjunction with MBS codes or in Matlab® environment to simulate vehicle behaviour. The code has been improved also using experimental tests performed on a scaled roller-rig. More recently the contact model was improved in order to obtain a higher computational efficiency that is a required for the use inside of a Real Time process. Benefit of a Real Time contact algorithm is the possibility to use complex simulation models in diagnostic or control systems in order to improve their performances. This work shows several comparisons of the RTCONTACT contact code respect commercial codes, standards and benchmark results.

scholarly journals Comparison of HiL Control Methods for Wind Turbine System Test Benches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennard Kaven ◽  
Christian Leisten ◽  
Maximilian Basler ◽  
Moritz Schlösser ◽  
Uwe Jassmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Reference Model ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Drive Train ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Current Test ◽  
Applied Torque ◽  
Test Process ◽  
Hil Simulation

Abstract. The current test process in design and certification of wind turbines (WTs) is time and cost intensive, as it depends on the wind conditions and requires the setup of the WT in the field. Efforts are made to transfer the test process to a system test bench (STB) whereby an easier installation is enabled and the load can be arbitrarily applied. However, on a STB the WT is installed without rotor and tower and the remaining drive train behaviour acts differently to the WT drive train in the field. The original behaviour must be restored by incorporating a Hardware-in.the-Loop (HiL) simulation into the operation of the STB. The HiL simulation consists of the virtual rotor and wind and the control of the applied loads. Furthermore, sensors as the wind vane and actors as the pitch drives, which are not present at the STB, are substituted by simulation models. This contribution investigates suitable HiL control methods of the applied torque. Herein, we survey three methods of different complexity and compare them in terms of performance, actuator requirements and robustness. The simplest method emulates the divergent inertia by classical control. A more complex method based on a reference model also considers the alternated dynamic behaviour of the drive train. Model predictive control (MPC) currently constitutes the most complex HiL method, as the MPC also includes future predictions of the driving torque behaviour. Our comparison identifies that increased complexity of the control method ensures enhanced preformance. WT drive train dynamics can be reproduced up to 1, 6, and 10 Hz for IE, MRC and MPC, respectively. Yet, for higher control complexity, the requirements for the dynamic torque proliferate and the controllers robustness to model deviations decreases.

Digital Twin-Driven Condition-Based Maintenance

2022 ◽  
pp. 109-136
Author(s):  
Adolfo Crespo del Castillo ◽  
Marco Macchi ◽  
Laura Cattaneo
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Condition Based Maintenance ◽  
Industrial Management ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Twin Models ◽  
Technical Professionals ◽  
Case Development

The world is witnessing an all-level digitalization that guides the industry and business to a restructuration in order to adapt to the new requirements of the surrounding environment. That change also concerns the labour of the technical professionals and their formation. As a consequence of this deep consciousness-raising, this chapter will investigate and develop simulation models based on the current digitalization. The aim of this chapter is the exposition of a real case development of “digital twin” models framed as part of the condition-based maintenance paradigm to improve real-time assets operation and maintenance. This model contributes by providing real-time results that could turn into a basis for the industrial management decisions and place them in the Industry 4.0 paradigm environment.

scholarly journals Model-Based Virtual Components in Event-Based Controls: Linking the FMI and IEC 61499

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
Michael H. Spiegel ◽  
Edmund Widl ◽  
Bernhard Heinzl ◽  
Wolfgang Kastner ◽  
Nabil Akroud
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Quality Of Control ◽  
Automation Systems ◽  
Coupling Algorithm ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Iec 61499

Various development and validation methods for cyber-physical systems such as Controller-Hardware-in-the-Loop (C-HIL) testing strongly benefit from a seamless integration of (hardware) prototypes and simulation models. It has been often demonstrated that linking discrete event-based control systems and hybrid plant models can advance the quality of control implementations. Nevertheless, high manual coupling efforts and sometimes spurious simulation artifacts such as glitches and deviations are observed frequently. This work specifically addresses these two issues by presenting a generic, standard-based infrastructure referred to as virtual component, which enables the efficient coupling of simulation models and automation systems. A novel soft real-time coupling algorithm featuring event-accurate synchronization by extrapolating future model states is outlined. Based on considered standards for model exchange (FMI) and controls (IEC 61499), important properties such as real-time capabilities are derived and experimentally validated. Evaluation demonstrates that virtual components support engineers in efficiently creating C-HIL setups and that the novel algorithm can feature accurate synchronization when conventional approaches fail.

scholarly journals Brief history and future of animal simulation models for science and application

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Black
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Livestock Farming ◽  
Animal Metabolism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development

Mathematical equations have been used to add quantitative rigour to the description of animal systems for the last 100 years. Initially, simple equations were used to describe the growth of animals or their parts and to predict nutrient requirements for different livestock species. The advent of computers led to development of complex multi-equation, dynamic models of animal metabolism and of the interaction between animals and their environment. An understanding was developed about how animal systems could be integrated in models to obtain the most realistic prediction of observations and allow accurate predictions of as yet unobserved events. Animal models have been used to illustrate how well animal systems are understood and to identify areas requiring further research. Many animal models have been developed with the aim of evaluating alternative management strategies within animal enterprises. Several important gaps in current animal models requiring further development are identified: including a more mechanistic representation of the control of feed intake; inclusion of methyl-donor requirements and simulation of the methionine cycle; plus a more mechanistic representation of disease and the impact of microbial loads under production environments. Reasons are identified why few animal models have been used for day-to-day decision making on farm. In the future, animal simulation models are envisaged to function as real-time control of systems within animal enterprises to optimise animal productivity, carcass quality, health, welfare and to maximise profit. Further development will be required for the integration of models that run real time in enterprise management systems adopting precision livestock farming technologies.

Study on Heat Storage Change Characteristics of a Double Reheat Boiler During Load Cycling Processes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhu Wang ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Yongliang Zhao ◽  
Daotong Chong ◽  
Junjie Yan
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Working Medium ◽  
Load Cycling ◽  
Reheat Steam ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The stability of the live and reheat steam temperatures is of great significance for the efficient, flexible and safe operation of coal-fired power plants. The double reheat boilers are large inertia, non-linearity and high coupling. Therefore, the temperature controls of live and reheat steams are very difficult during load cycling processes. The heat storage in the double reheat boiler changes during load cycling process, which will affect the performances of temperature control. In this study, dynamic simulation models of an ultra-supercritical double reheat tower boiler and its temperature control models are developed based on the GSE software. These models are validated. Then, changes of the boiler system heat storage during different load cycling processes are studied. Results reveal that the metal heat storage is more than working medium ones at steady state load. However, the changing quantities of working medium heat storage are more than the metal ones between different loads. During load cycling processes, the changing tendencies of reheat steam temperatures, the difference of heat storage between real-time and steady state values (DHSBRS) and the difference of coal feeding rate between real-time and steady values (DCBRS) are similar. The fluctuations of reheat steam temperatures have a delay compared with DHSBRS ones, and the fluctuations of DHSBRS fluctuation have a delay compared with DCBRS ones. The delay time increases with the load cycling rates. The results are aimed at providing some guidance for the control system design of the double-reheat boiler system and the safe and flexible operation of power plants.

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