scholarly journals Biomimetic Model Membrane Systems Serve as Increasingly Valuable in Vitro Tools

10.5772/13932 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary T. ◽  
Jennifer K. ◽  
Elmar J.
Keyword(s):  
Model Membrane ◽  
Membrane Systems

scholarly journals Bioinspired membrane-based systems for a physical approach of cell organization and dynamics: usefulness and limitations

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 20150038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaut J. Lagny ◽  
Patricia Bassereau
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
Membrane Systems ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Cell Components ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Long Time

Being at the periphery of each cell compartment and enclosing the entire cell while interacting with a large part of cell components, cell membranes participate in most of the cell's vital functions. Biologists have worked for a long time on deciphering how membranes are organized, how they contribute to trafficking, motility, cytokinesis, cell–cell communication, information transport, etc., using top-down approaches and always more advanced techniques. In contrast, physicists have developed bottom-up approaches and minimal model membrane systems of growing complexity in order to build up general models that explain how cell membranes work and how they interact with proteins, e.g. the cytoskeleton. We review the different model membrane systems that are currently available, and how they can help deciphering cell functioning, but also list their limitations. Model membrane systems are also used in synthetic biology and can have potential applications beyond basic research. We discuss the possible synergy between the development of complex in vitro membrane systems in a biological context and for technological applications. Questions that could also be discussed are: what can we still do with synthetic systems, where do we stop building up and which are the alternative solutions?

How does Amphotericin B Work?: Studies on Model Membrane Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott C. Hartsel ◽  
Christopher Hatch ◽  
Woubeshet Ayenew
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
Membrane Systems

scholarly journals Preparation, characterisation and microbiological examination of Pickering nano-emulsions containing essential oils, and their effect on Streptococcus mutans biofilm treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Horváth ◽  
Viktória L. Balázs ◽  
Adorján Varga ◽  
Andrea Böszörményi ◽  
Béla Kocsis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Mouth Care ◽  
Modified Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
20 Nm

Abstract Essential oils (EOs) are commonly applied in mouth care products like mouthwashes, mostly as an ethanolic solution or by usage of surfactants as solubilising agents. In this study, we present a formulation for preparation of Pickering nano-emulsions (PnE) of EOs as a novel form for application of EOs in mouth care. For the preparation of PnE, we have synthesised surface-modified silica nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 20 nm, as well as we have examined the effect of EOs concentration on PnE droplet size and stability. In vitro study of their effect on the Streptococcus mutans biofilm as the main pathogen of dental health problems has been performed. We have found that EOs in the PnE form has the highest effectiveness against biofilm formation. Diffusion through the biofilm model membrane was studied to explain this observation. We have found that PnEs have a better performance in the transportation of EOs trough model membrane than the ethanolic solutions and conventional emulsions (CEs).

scholarly journals Iron Mediated Interaction of Alpha Synuclein with Lipid Rafts in Model Membrane Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 244a
Author(s):  
Loredana Casalis ◽  
Fabio Perissinotto ◽  
Denis Scaini
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Alpha Synuclein ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
Membrane Systems

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Kinetic Properties of the Sporulation Protein SpoIIE of Bacillus subtilis by Inclusion in a Model Membrane

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (10) ◽  
pp. 3195-3201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Searls ◽  
Xingyong Chen ◽  
Stephanie Allen ◽  
Michael D. Yudkin
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Model Membrane ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Phosphatase Domain

ABSTRACT Starvation induces Bacillus subtilis to initiate a developmental process (sporulation) that includes asymmetric cell division to form the prespore and the mother cell. The integral membrane protein SpoIIE is essential for the prespore-specific activation of the transcription factor σF, and it also has a morphogenic activity required for asymmetric division. An increase in the local concentration of SpoIIE at the polar septum of B. subtilis precedes dephosphorylation of the anti-anti-sigma factor SpoIIAA in the prespore. After closure and invagination of the asymmetric septum, phosphatase activity of SpoIIE increases severalfold, but the reason for this dramatic change in activity has not been determined. The central domain of SpoIIE has been seen to self-associate (I. Lucet et al., EMBO J. 19:1467-1475, 2000), suggesting that activation of the C-terminal PP2C-like phosphatase domain might be due to conformational changes brought about by the increased local concentration of SpoIIE in the sporulating septum. Here we report the inclusion of purified SpoIIE protein into a model membrane as a method for studying the effect of local concentration in a lipid bilayer on activity. In vitro assays indicate that the membrane-bound enzyme maintains dephosphorylation rates similar to the highly active micellar state at all molar ratios of protein to lipid. Atomic force microscopy images indicate that increased local concentration does not lead to self-association.

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