scholarly journals Application of Mutated Acetolactate Synthase Genes for Herbicide Resistance to Crop Improvement

10.5772/13449 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Shimizu ◽  
Kiyoshi Kawai ◽  
Koichiro Kaku ◽  
Tsutomu Shimizu ◽  
Hirokazu Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase

Smallseed Falseflax (Camelina microcarpa) Management in Oklahoma Winter Wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jodie A. Crose ◽  
Misha R. Manuchehri ◽  
Todd A. Baughman
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Adequate Control ◽  
Growing Seasons

Abstract Three herbicide premixes have recently been introduced for weed control in wheat. These include: halauxifen + florasulam, thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr, and bromoxynil + bicyclopyrone. The objective of this study was to evaluate these herbicides along with older products for their control of smallseed falseflax in winter wheat in Oklahoma. Studies took place during the 2017, 2018, and 2020 winter wheat growing seasons. Weed control was visually estimated every two weeks throughout the growing season and wheat yield was collected in all three years. Smallseed falseflax size was approximately six cm in diameter at time of application in all years. Control ranged from 96 to 99% following all treatments with the exception of bicyclopyrone + bromoxynil and dicamba alone, which controlled falseflax 90%. All treatments containing an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide achieved adequate control; therefore, resistance is not suspected in this population. Halauxifen + florasulam and thifensulfuron + fluroxypyr effectively controlled smallseed falseflax similarly to other standards recommended for broadleaf weed control in wheat in Oklahoma. Rotational use of these products allows producers flexibility in controlling smallseed falseflax and reduces the potential for development of herbicide resistance in this species.

Investigating the resistance levels and mechanisms to penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) from Ningxia province, China

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Xia Yang ◽  
Zichang Zhang ◽  
Jieping Wang ◽  
Weiguo Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Encoding Genes

Abstract Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is a noxious grass weed which infests rice fields and causes huge crop yield losses. In this study, we collected twelve E. crus-galli populations from rice fields of Ningxia province in China and investigated the resistance levels to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor penoxsulam and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor cyhalofop-butyl. The results showed that eight populations exhibited resistance to penoxsulam and four populations evolved resistance to cyhalofop-butyl. Moreover, all of the four cyhalofop-butyl-resistant populations (NX3, NX4, NX6 and NX7) displayed multiple-herbicide-resistance (MHR) to both penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl. The alternative herbicides bispyribac-sodium, metamifop and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl cannot effectively control the MHR plants. To characterize the molecular mechanisms of resistance, we amplified and sequenced the target-site encoding genes in resistant and susceptible populations. Partial sequences of three ALS genes and six ACCase genes were examined. A Trp-574-Leu mutation was detected in EcALS1 and EcALS3 in two high-level (65.84- and 59.30-fold) penoxsulam-resistant populations NX2 and NX10, respectively. In addition, one copy (EcACC4) of ACCase genes encodes a truncated aberrant protein due to a frameshift mutation in E. crus-galli populations. None of amino acid substitutions that are known to confer herbicide resistance were detected in ALS and ACCase genes of MHR populations. Our study reveals the widespread of multiple-herbicide resistant E. crus-galli populations at Ningxia province of China that exhibit resistance to several ALS and ACCase inhibitors. Non-target-site based mechanisms are likely to be involved in E. crus-galli resistance to the herbicides, at least in four MHR populations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Herbicide-Resistance Status on Populations of Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris Minor Retz.) from Southern Greece and Suggestions for their Effective Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Travlos
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mutations ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Southern Greece

Evaluation of Herbicide-Resistance Status on Populations of Littleseed Canarygrass (Phalaris MinorRetz.) from Southern Greece and Suggestions for their Effective ControlIn 2010, a survey was conducted in the wheat fields of a typical cereal-producing region of Greece to establish the frequency and distribution of herbicide-resistant littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minorRetz.). In total, 73 canarygrass accessions were collected and screened in a field experiment with several herbicides commonly used to control this weed. Most of the weed populations were classed as resistant (or developing resistance) to the acetyl-CoA varboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicide diclofop, while resistance to clodinafop was markedly lower. The results of the pot experiments showed that some of the canary populations were found to have a very high level of diclofop resistance (resistance index up to 12.4), while cross resistance with other herbicides was also common. The levels of resistance and cross resistance patterns among populations varied along with the different amounts and times of selection pressure. Such variation indicated either more than one mechanism of resistance or different resistance mutations in these weed populations. The population which had the highest diclofop resistance level, showed resistance to all aryloxyphenoxypropinate (APP) herbicides applied and non-ACCase inhibitors. Alternative ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, such as pinoxaden remain effective on the majority of the tested canarygrass populations, while the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron could also provide some solutions. Consequently, there is an opportunity to effectively control canarygrass by selecting from a wide range of herbicides. It is the integration of agronomic practices with herbicide application, which helps in effective management ofP. minorand particularly its resistant populations.

Herbicide resistance in China: a quantitative review

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangying Liu ◽  
Shihai Xiang ◽  
Tao Zong ◽  
Guolan Ma ◽  
Lamei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractThe widespread, rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is a serious and escalating agronomic problem worldwide. During China’s economic boom, the country became one of the most important herbicide producers and consumers in the world, and herbicide resistance has dramatically increased in the past decade and has become a serious threat to agriculture. Here, following an evidence-based PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) approach, we carried out a systematic review to quantitatively assess herbicide resistance in China. Multiple weed species, including 26, 18, 11, 9, 5, 5, 4, and 3 species in rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], corn (Zea mays L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)., orchards, and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fields, respectively, have developed herbicide resistance. Acetolactate synthase inhibitors, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, and synthetic auxin herbicides are the most resistance-prone herbicides and are the most frequently used mechanisms of action, followed by 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors. The lack of alternative herbicides to manage weeds that exhibit cross-resistance or multiple resistance (or both) is an emerging issue and poses one of the greatest threats challenging the crop production and food safety both in China and globally.

Empirical investigation of mutation rate for herbicide resistance

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico A. Casale ◽  
Darci A. Giacomini ◽  
Patrick J. Tranel
Keyword(s):  
Mutation Rate ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
De Novo Mutation ◽  
De Novo Mutations ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Resistant Mutants

AbstractIn a predictable natural selection process, herbicides select for adaptive alleles that allow weed populations to survive. These resistance alleles may be available immediately from the standing genetic variation within the population or may arise from immigration via pollen or seeds from other populations. Moreover, because all populations are constantly generating new mutant genotypes by de novo mutations, resistant mutants may arise spontaneously in any herbicide-sensitive weed population. Recognizing that the relative contribution of each of these three sources of resistance alleles influences what strategies should be applied to counteract herbicide-resistance evolution, we aimed to add experimental information to the resistance evolutionary framework. Specifically, the objectives of this experiment were to determine the de novo mutation rate conferring herbicide resistance in a natural plant population and to test the hypothesis that the mutation rate increases when plants are stressed by sublethal herbicide exposure. We used grain amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.) and resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides as a model system to discover spontaneous herbicide-resistant mutants. After screening 70.8 million plants, however, we detected no spontaneous resistant genotypes, indicating the probability of finding a spontaneous ALS-resistant mutant in a given sensitive population is lower than 1.4 × 10−8. This empirically determined upper limit is lower than expected from theoretical calculations based on previous studies. We found no evidence that herbicide stress increased the mutation rate, but were not able to robustly test this hypothesis. The results found in this study indicate that de novo mutations conferring herbicide resistance might occur at lower frequencies than previously expected.

First report of molecular basis of resistance to imazethapyr in common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Zhaofeng Huang ◽  
Xinxin Zhou ◽  
Chaoxian Zhang ◽  
Cuilan Jiang ◽  
Hongjuan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Amino Acid Position ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
First Report ◽  
Common Lambsquarters

Abstract Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.) is one of the most troublesome weeds in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] and corn (Zea mays L.) fields in northeast China. In 2017, a C. album population that survived imazethapyr at the recommended field rate was collected from a soybean field in Heilongjiang Province in China. Experiments were conducted to determine the basis of resistance to imazethapyr and investigate the herbicide-resistance pattern in C. album. Dose–response tests showed that the resistant population (R) displayed high resistance to imazethapyr (20-fold) compared with the susceptible population (S). An in vitro acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity assay indicated that the ALS of the R population was resistant to imazethapyr compared with the ALS of the S population. Sequence analysis of the ALS gene revealed that the GCA was replaced by ACA at amino acid position 122, which resulted in an alanine to threonine substitution (Ala-122-Thr) in the R population. The R population displayed cross-resistance to thifensulfuron-methyl and flumetsulam but susceptibility to bispyribac-sodium, flucarbazone, glyphosate, mesotrione, and fomesafen. These results confirmed that the basis of imazethapyr resistance in C. album was conferred by the Ala-122-Thr substitution in the ALS enzyme. This is the first report of the target-site basis of ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance in C. album.

scholarly journals Enzymatic Properties and Ryegrass Resistance Mechanism to Iodosulfuron-Methyl-Sodium Herbicide

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. MARIANI ◽  
S.A. SENSEMAM ◽  
L. VARGAS ◽  
D. AGOSTINETO ◽  
L.A. ÁVILA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Enzymatic Properties ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
In Vitro Characterization

ABSTRACT: Ryegrass(Lolium multiflorum)is one of the most worrisome species with regard to herbicide resistance. This study aimed at characterizing the acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme activity of resistant biotypes (NC and AR) and susceptible biotypes to iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (iodosulfuron). Different concentrations of pyruvate (1, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mM), of iodosulfuron (0 to 100 µM for the resistant biotypes and 0 to 0.5 µM for the susceptible biotype) and concentrations of valine, leucine and isoleucine (0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mM) were used for the in vitro characterization. According to the results, the Michaelis constant (Km) values (pyruvate) for the assessed biotypes were similar. With iodosulfuron, resistant biotypes needed 395 to 779 times more herbicide in order to inhibit 50% of the enzyme activity, compared to the susceptible biotype. This confirmed a sensitivity modification of the ALS enzyme in the resistant biotypes. The resistant biotypes were less sensitive to the inhibition of the enzyme activity in the presence of the three amino acids. It was possible to conclude that biotype resistance was due to the enzyme insensitivity to iodosulfuron.

The biology of Canadian weeds. 126. Amaranthus albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L.

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1039-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Costea and F. J. Tardif
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

A review of biological information is provided for three species of the genus Amaranthus: A. albus L., A. blitoides S. Watson and A. blitum L. The last species has been revised taxonomically and a new subspecies for Canada is presented-A. blitum subsp. emarginatus (Moq. ex Uline & Bray) Carretero, Munoz Garmendia & Pedrol. Amaranthus albus and A. blitoides are native to the U.S.A. and introduced to Canada. Both species are annual ruderal and agrestal weeds. During the past 100 yr the two species have spread across most provinces of Canada, but the greatest frequency and abundance have been recorded in Saskatchewan. Originating from Europe, Asia and North Africa, A. blitum was initially considered a non-persistent species. The present study shows that A. blitum especially, subsp. emarginatus, has continued to spread in Québec. The three species are alternate hosts to many insects, nematodes, viruses, bacteria and fungi that affect cultivated plants. In other areas (U.S.A., Europe and Asia), the three species have developed multiple resistance to triazine and acetolactate-synthase-inhibiting herbicides. Key words: Amaranthus albus, Amaranthus blitoides, Amaranthus blitum, weed biology, ecology, taxonomy, herbicide resistance

Herbicide resistance inAster squamatus conferred by a less sensitive form of acetolactate synthase

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 1210-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria D Osuna ◽  
Albert J Fischer ◽  
Rafael De Prado
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Multi-Allelic Gene Targeting in Sugarcane Confers Herbicide Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Tufan Oz ◽  
Angelika Altpeter ◽  
Ratna Karan ◽  
Aldo Merotto ◽  
Fredy Altpeter
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Gene Targeting ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Homology Directed Repair

Sugarcane is the source of 80% of the sugar and 26% of the bioethanol produced globally. However, its complex, highly polyploid genome (2n = 100 – 120) impedes crop improvement. Here, we report efficient and reproducible gene targeting (GT) in sugarcane, enabling precise co-editing of multiple alleles via template-mediated and homology-directed repair (HDR) of DNA double strand breaks induced by the programmable nuclease CRISPR/Cas9. The evaluation of 146 independently transformed plants from five independent experiments revealed a targeted nucleotide replacement that resulted in both targeted amino acid substitutions W574L and S653I in the acetolactate synthase (ALS) in 11 lines in addition to single, targeted amino acid substitutions W574L or S653I in 25 or 18 lines, respectively. Co-editing of up to three ALS copies/alleles that confer herbicide tolerance was confirmed by Sanger sequencing of cloned long polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons. This work will enable crop improvement by conversion of inferior alleles to superior alleles through targeted nucleotide substitutions.

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