scholarly journals Conceptual Models of the Human Organism: Towards a New Biomedical Understanding of the Individual

10.5772/13296 ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
The Individual

Microbiota intestinal: aliada fundamental del organismo humano. Gut microbiota: our fundamental allied

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Raúl Garza-Velasco ◽  
Sylvia Patricia Garza-Manero ◽  
Luis Manuel Perea-Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Chemistry ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Síndrome Metabólico ◽  
Peristaltic Movement ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

<p><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>La microbiota intestinal desempeña relevantes funciones mediante las cuales contribuye directa o indirectamente a la estabilidad del organismo humano; actualmente su papel es incuestionable en la modulación del sistema inmune, la regulación del sistema nervioso, la síntesis de vitaminas, la defensa del intestino y el movimiento peristáltico.</p><p>Las nuevas herramientas de la biología molecular han sido determinantes para la revelación de los sorprendentes hallazgos publicados en los últimos lustros, los cuales han dado origen a términos y frases tales como “psicobióticos”, “un órgano adicional del humano”, “el segundo cerebro” y “el eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro”.</p><p>Por otra parte, el desequilibrio de la microbiota intestinal se traduce en la generación o agravamiento de diversas enfermedades crónicas, entre las que destacan la obesidad, diabetes tipo 2, enfermedad inflamatoria del intestino, síndrome metabólico, depresión, ansiedad.</p><p>De aquí que la comunidad científica se encuentre trabajando intensamente en el conocimiento de su composición y en el impacto de la proporción o ausencia de las principales especies en el funcionamiento global de la microbiota intestinal y, consecuentemente, del organismo humano.</p><p>La presente revisión contribuye a la actualización del tema “Microbiota Habitual” que se imparte en las carreras de Química Farmacéutico Biólogo, Química de Alimentos y carreras afines.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The gut microbiota plays relevant functions in the human organism, contributing directly or indirectly to its homeostasis. To name a few, it participates in the immune and the nervous system modulation, the vitamins synthesis, the gut defence and the peristaltic movement.</p><p>Novel molecular biology techniques have been determinant to reveal amazing findings in recent years, and now the authors use terms and phrases such as “psychobiotics”, “an additional human tissue”, “the second brain”, and “the microbiota-gut-brain axis”, when referring to the gut microbiota functions.</p><p>In contrast, misregulation of gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenicity of chronical diseases, such as obesity, type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, gut inflammatory disease, depression and anxiety, among others. Therefore, it is important to investigate the gut microbiota composition and the individual contribution of each specie to the gut microbiota function, and subsequently, to the human organism physiology.</p><p>This review article summarizes recent contributions in the field, suitable when teaching the theme of “Habitual Microbiota” in the Biological Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Food Chemistry, and related bachelor degrees.</p>

Me, my self, and the multitude: Microbiopolitics of the human microbiome

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-341
Author(s):  
Penelope Ironstone
Keyword(s):  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Human Being ◽  
The Individual

The human microbiome has become one of the dominant biomedical frameworks of the contemporary moment that may be understood to be post-Pasteurian. The recognitions the human microbiome opens up for thinking about the biological self and the individual have ontological and epistemological ramifications for considering what and who the human being is. As this article illustrates, the microbiopolitics of the human microbiome challenges the immunitarian Pasteurian model in which the organismic self shores itself up and defends itself against a microbial non-self or other. Instead, this theory presents the human organism as comprised of multiple ecosystems and as a multitude, suggesting that the thanatopolitical attempts to wipe out microbial others (evident in the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, for example) are giving way to an affirmative microbiopolitics grounded in generative multispecies relationality. This article sets out to make the case for this affirmative microbiopolitics.

scholarly journals Horizontal-resource models of happiness

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Elena Gennadievna Ksenofontova ◽  
Elena Albertovna Sverdlikova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Subjective Satisfaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Special Quality ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Vertical Level

“Happiness” is not even considered by many as a scientific term. Meanwhile, some practitioners are concerned with improving the quality of life and the objective reasons for people’s subjective satisfaction while others note the prevalence of problems related to “unhappiness”. Thus, in the best case, people turn to clergy, significant others, or psychotherapists to change either themselves or their lives for the better. However, theoretical interpretations of the phenomenon of happiness in many sciences that are based on the models of balance, the correspondence between the desired and the available, etc., use a fragmented and practically unstructured terminological apparatus. The goal of the study is to identify the conceptual models in all the diversity of interpretations and studies of happiness that allow uniting groups of researchers from different fields of knowledge, as well as to present the views of the authors of artworks on the mechanisms of experience and empathy with the processes of gaining and losing happiness. Methods: Comparative analysis of views on the phenomenon of happiness and the related states presented in works of art, spiritual and cultural life, and studies of the social and human sciences. The analyzed material allowed us to show the presence of a large number of models of interpretation of the state of happiness often associated with the assessment of resources available to the individual (horizontal-resource models of happiness). This distinguishes them from the vertical-level models that contrast the highest levels of happiness of special quality with the manifestation of different, lower-order states also referred to as happiness. It is important to note that in horizontal-resource interpretations, many models do not treat happiness simply as a significant share “of the total pie”. Resource-based approaches assess the available or absent potential (of varying nature), as well as the absence or presence of the possibility of approaching a subjectively meaningful state.

scholarly journals Cell death and its relationship to viral infections: What are the ways to fight viruses?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 394-405
Author(s):  
Gabriella Brandimarte Queiroz ◽  
Carla Catarina Silva ◽  
Augusto Alberto Foggiato ◽  
Juliana Zorzi Coléte ◽  
João Lopes Toledo Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
Viral Control ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Individual

Cell death is a crucial process for maintaining homeostasis and the development of the organism. They are mainly characterized by apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, being complex processes and essences for the immune system and balance of the human organism, especially when there are infectious agents such as viruses. Therefore, a bibliographic review was carried out seeking to deepen the knowledge of cell death applied to viruses, and its possible action against COVID-19, demonstrating the action and importance of understanding and understanding cell death pathways and applying their results as therapeutic targets. The results obtained showed the individual action of cell deaths against the virus in the immune system and emphasized the understanding of cell death pathways as fundamental for the development of drugs and therapies for viral control for already known viruses and for new viruses, such as Covid -19.

scholarly journals An encapsulated fruit, vegetable and berry juice powder concentrate increases plasma values of specific carotenoids and vitamins

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Dams ◽  
Sandra Holasek ◽  
Melina Tsiountsioura ◽  
Daniela-Eugenia Malliga ◽  
Nathalie Meier-Allard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract. Vitamins and carotenoids are organic compounds that are important for vital functions of the human organism. Since the human body is not able to synthesize most of these micronutrients, they need to be supplied by the intake of food or supplements. The aim of this study was to analyze whether a whole food based, encapsulated fruit, berry, and vegetable juice powder concentrate provides bioavailable carotenoids and vitamins A (all-trans retinol), E and C. Eighteen healthy subjects received 6 capsules a day for 8 weeks, which provided 2.91 mg β-carotene, 490 μg vitamin A, 18.7 mg vitamin E, 159 mg vitamin C, 6.1 mg lutein and 1 mg lycopene. Plasma concentrations of several carotenoids and vitamins before and after supplementation were measured. After 8 weeks of supplementation, the plasma concentration of the following carotenoids increased significantly: α-carotene increased from 59.6 ± 22.4 nmol/L to 85.7 ± 24.2 nmol/L (p = 0.002), β-cryptoxanthin from 106.7 ± 39.8 nmol/L to 151.9 ± 57.9 nmol/L (p = 0.017), and lycopene from 1.2 ± 0.5 μmol/L to 1.7 ± 0.5 μmol/L (p = 0.005). Significant increases were also observed for plasma concentrations of vitamin C from 70 ± 20 μmol/L to 90 ± 10 μmol/L (p < 0.001), all-trans retinol from 1.99 ± 0.24 μmol/L to 2.30 ± 0.66 μmol/L (p = 0.015), and α-tocopherol from 27 ± 6 μmol/L to 32 ± 6 μmol/L (p = 0.008). For those micronutrients with accepted plasma reference ranges, all observed increases levelled off around the upper limit of the individual reference range. The data demonstrate that the investigated supplement is able to increase plasma concentrations of certain carotenoids and vitamins of healthy subjects within 8 weeks.

scholarly journals Introducing Biodynamic Craniosacral Therapy (BCST) into the Landscape of Jungian Thought

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Jane E. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Natural World ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Light Touch ◽  
Jungian Theory ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Craniosacral Therapy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Embodied Practice

Whereas research in the craniosacral field tends to focus on the benefits for the individual, in this paper I go a step further to argue that because of its psychoid nature, biodynamic craniosacral therapy (BCST) acts as an embodied practice to raise earth consciousness at both the collective and individual levels. The therapy is a light-touch practice grounded in empathetic presence in which practitioners work to attune the subtle rhythms of their own body, the client’s body, and the “body” of the environment and natural world in which they meet. Referencing my clinical experience, the essay proposes that craniosacral biodynamics, bringing consciousness to the human organism, may offer a felt experience of the interconnectedness of all being, even bringing to consciousness our relationship with the earth itself. This essay highlights where Jungian theory and BCST not only overlap but also where they might support each other to revision our relationship to the planet.

Strategies in suicide prevention

2021 ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
Danuta Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Public Health Strategies

Strategies in suicide prevention have developed throughout the years, and progressed into conceptual models that are defined by a set of restrictive definitions. Here, classifications of two suicide preventive strategic models, namely the primary, secondary, and tertiary (PST) and universal, selective, and indicated (USI) are described, as well as a pragmatic suggestions for healthcare and public health-oriented strategies in suicide prevention. Healthcare-oriented strategies use the individual-centred approach with the focus on the treatment of patients. This chapter looks at the application and benefits of public health strategies in prevention of suicide are directed towards groups and whole populations.

Alcoholism: a view family / Alcoholismo: una visión familiar

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lloret Irles
Keyword(s):  
Human Organism ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Work Settings ◽  
Toxic Drug ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship

Los efectos del consumo excesivo de alcohol sobre el organismo, son ampliamente conocidos, y son, posiblemente, el motivo desencadenante de que las personas con un problema de adicción a este tóxico comiencen un tratamiento de desintoxicación y deshabituación, aunque el problema real de esta adicción, como en muchas otras, sea probablemente las consecuencias familiares, sociales y laborales, que en la mayor parte de las ocasiones resultan devastadoras En este sentido, la familia, como contexto socializador primario del individuo, es el elemento central, más importante tanto a nivel de intervención, como preventivo, en relación al consumo de drogas. Está comprobado que el sistema familia desempeña un papel importante en el desencadenamiento de conductas de consumo, de abuso, y de adicción, (Jacob,T. Johnson, S. 1999) De manera que dejando a un lado los factores genéticos, se puede afirmar que los procesos de socialización familiar destacan su importancia al ser la base de predisponentes tales como las actitudes, la personalidad, el autoconcepto, los valores, y en última instancia las habilidades de comunicación. La relación entre familia y consumo de alcohol no se limita a la causalidad ya establecida, hay otra vertiente no menos importante, que se refiere a la trascendencia de esta patología en las interacciones familiares, y a las dinámicas de relación disfuncionales que se crean debido a este problema. AbstractThe effects that the abusive consumption of alcohol cause within the human organism are well known and are probably good reasons to begin a detoxification treatment for people who suffer a serious addiction to this highly toxic drug, although the real problem about this sort of addiction, as in the case of many others, is probably the negative consequences that it may cause for the family, the social and work settings, which, in most cases, prove to be devastating. In this respect, the family, as the prime socializing element for the individual, is the most important influence at the levels of both intervention and prevention of drug abuse. It has been proven that the family’s attitude plays an important role in the promotion of drug consumption, abuse and addiction (Jacob,T. Johnson, S. 1999). Apart from the genetic factors, however, we can affirm that the family’s social processes highlight their importance because they are the base of the underlying factors in this problem, such as their attitudes, their personalities, their self-esteem, their personal values and finally, their communication skills. The relationship between the family and alcohol consumption is not limited to the already established elements. There is another important angle to the problem. It is the far-reaching effects of this pathologic condition on the way the family interacts and on the dynamics of the malfunctioning relationships that this problem causes. 

Social Pedagogical Reflections in a Danish Version – Challenging an Individual Perspective in the Modern World

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Britta Nørgaard
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Community Building ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Social Pedagogy ◽  
Danish Version ◽  
The Individual

particularly over the last 40 years. In my way of understanding social pedagogy I draw on multiple sources of inspiration. Theoretically, I am inspired by German social philosophy and German pedagogical traditions. In this article I want to show how some of these inspirations could be transformed into practice in a way that both the community and the individual benefit. Drawing upon three different conceptual models of social pedagogy, I will discuss that the pedagogical approach in combination with a social and philosophical approach have a broader ethical and human potential than former models. Social pedagogical work is based on many different values related to attitudes among professionals, related to community and community building, and related to relations and social interaction. This calls for reflections on the relation between the individual and the group, on concepts of the ‘other’, on education and professionalism.

ASSESSMENT OF THE SENSITIVITY OF THE HUMAN ORGANISM TO THE EFFECT OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF RADIO FREQUENCY RANGE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liubov Sergeeva ◽  
◽  
Oleksandr Valchenko ◽  
Viktoriia Sergeeva ◽  
Oleksandr Koval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Individual Sensitivity ◽  
Screening Procedures ◽  
The Individual

The implementation of the effects of any electromagnetic radiation depends on the individual sensitivity of the human body. To determine the criteria for assessing the individual sensitivity of the human body to the action of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation in the radio frequency range (EMF RF-range), medical examination, anthropometric and physiological parameters, screening procedures of Beyton, Shmishek, orthostatic tests and other peripherals were performed. After a survey and questionnaire of students, which indicated how many years they used IT-technologies, a comparative analysis of the pre- nosological manifestations of adverse effects on the body of EMR RF.

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