scholarly journals Neurotoxic Effects of Triazole Fungicides on Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurotransmission

Fungicides ◽  
10.5772/13109 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilian Rosana
Keyword(s):  
Triazole Fungicides ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects

Neurotoxic Effects of Three Fractions Isolated from Tityus serrulatus Scorpion Venom

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Leonor A. Nencioni ◽  
Fatima F. Carvalho ◽  
Ivo Lebrun ◽  
Valquiria A. Coronado Dorce ◽  
Maria Regina L. Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Scorpion Venom ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Tityus Serrulatus

The Impact of Timing of Microglial Activation by Inflammation and Hypoxia Regarding Additive Neurotoxic Effects

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jung ◽  
D. Frey ◽  
F. Brackmann ◽  
M. Richter-Kraus ◽  
R. Trollmann
Keyword(s):  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
The Impact

Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Beninger
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Incentive Learning ◽  
Dopaminergic Drugs ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Incentive Value

Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) discusses how hyperactive dopaminergic neurotransmission appears to underlie schizophrenia’s positive symptoms, loss of dopaminergic neurons in adulthood leads to Parkinson’s disease, and dopamine neuron hypofunction in childhood and adolescence may underlie ADHD. Positive schizophrenia symptoms may arise from excessive incentive learning that is gradually lost with antipsychotic treatment. Declarative learning and memory may contribute to delusions based on excessive incentive learning. Loss of responsiveness to environmental stimuli in Parkinson’s may result from a decrease of their conditioned incentive value and inverse incentive learning. Conditioned incentive stimuli not encountered while in a state of decreased dopaminergic neurotransmission may retain their incentive value, producing apparent kinesia paradoxa. Dopamine hypofunction in juveniles does not lead to hypokinesia but may result in loss of incentive learning that focuses attention. Pro-dopaminergic drugs have a calming effect in ADHD, presumably because they reinstate normal incentive learning.

scholarly journals Altered urinary tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives in patients with Tourette syndrome: reflection of dopaminergic hyperactivity?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Capetian ◽  
Veit Roessner ◽  
Caroline Korte ◽  
Susanne Walitza ◽  
Franz Riederer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurotransmission ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorders

AbstractTetrahydroisoquinolines (TIQs) such as salsolinol (SAL), norsalsolinol (NSAL) and their methylated derivatives N-methyl-norsalsolinol (NMNSAL) and N-methyl-salsolinol (NMSAL), modulate dopaminergic neurotransmission and metabolism in the central nervous system. Dopaminergic neurotransmission is thought to play an important role in the pathophysiology of chronic tic disorders, such as Tourette syndrome (TS). Therefore, the urinary concentrations of these TIQ derivatives were measured in patients with TS and patients with comorbid attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (TS + ADHD) compared with controls. Seventeen patients with TS, 12 with TS and ADHD, and 19 age-matched healthy controls with no medication took part in this study. Free levels of NSAL, NMNSAL, SAL, and NMSAL in urine were measured by a two-phase chromatographic approach. Furthermore, individual TIQ concentrations in TS patients were used in receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis to examine the diagnostic value. NSAL concentrations were elevated significantly in TS [434.67 ± 55.4 nmol/l (standard error of mean = S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] and TS + ADHD patients [605.18 ± 170.21 nmol/l (S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] compared with controls [107.02 ± 33.18 nmol/l (S.E.M.), two-way ANOVA, p < 0.0001] and NSAL levels in TS + ADHD patients were elevated significantly in comparison with TS patients (two-way ANOVA, p = 0.017). NSAL demonstrated an AUC of 0.93 ± 0.046 (S.E.M) the highest diagnostic value of all metabolites for the diagnosis of TS. Our results suggest a dopaminergic hyperactivity underlying the pathophysiology of TS and ADHD. In addition, NSAL concentrations in urine may be a potential diagnostic biomarker of TS.

scholarly journals Neurotoxicity in Marine Invertebrates: An Update

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Irene Deidda ◽  
Roberta Russo ◽  
Rosa Bonaventura ◽  
Caterina Costa ◽  
Francesca Zito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Neural Genes ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Invertebrate Model

Invertebrates represent about 95% of existing species, and most of them belong to aquatic ecosystems. Marine invertebrates are found at intermediate levels of the food chain and, therefore, they play a central role in the biodiversity of ecosystems. Furthermore, these organisms have a short life cycle, easy laboratory manipulation, and high sensitivity to marine pollution and, therefore, they are considered to be optimal bioindicators for assessing detrimental chemical agents that are related to the marine environment and with potential toxicity to human health, including neurotoxicity. In general, albeit simple, the nervous system of marine invertebrates is composed of neuronal and glial cells, and it exhibits biochemical and functional similarities with the vertebrate nervous system, including humans. In recent decades, new genetic and transcriptomic technologies have made the identification of many neural genes and transcription factors homologous to those in humans possible. Neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and altered levels of neurotransmitters are some of the aspects of neurotoxic effects that can also occur in marine invertebrate organisms. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of major marine pollutants, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and micro and nano-plastics, with a focus on their neurotoxic effects in marine invertebrate organisms. This review could be a stimulus to bio-research towards the use of invertebrate model systems other than traditional, ethically questionable, time-consuming, and highly expensive mammalian models.

Genetic ablation of Nrf2 exacerbates neurotoxic effects of acrylamide in mice

Toxicology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 152785
Author(s):  
Frederick Adams Ekuban ◽  
Cai Zong ◽  
Madoka Takikawa ◽  
Kota Morikawa ◽  
Toshihiro Sakurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Ablation ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects
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