Die Vorleistungspflicht im Leistungsstörungsrecht

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korla Karadas
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
District Court ◽  
Research Assistant ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
The Law

The work examines the obligation to perform in advance in the mesh of the law of breach of contract and attempts to grasp its special features. In nine chapters, its effects on general principles, such as final non-performance or damages, are examined. Special attention is paid to the changes since the reform of the law of obligations and the regulation of contracts for work and services as a model. The author of the work is a judge at the Hildesheim District Court and worked for many years as a research assistant to Prof. Roland Schwarze at the Chair of Civil Law, Labour Law and Civil Procedure Law at Leibniz University Hanover.

scholarly journals Non-Delimitation of Incompetency Denotations in Jurisprudence and Law and the Contradiction of some of its Titles to the Law on Non-Litigious Matters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorush Niknamian
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

“Incompetency” literally means prohibition and it is commonly used to point to an individual being deprived of his rights to take possession of his properties and his financial rights by the law. And, in other words, the incompetents are the individuals that do not possess “the legal capacity to enjoy a certain right” and are deprived from taking possession of their properties and if such a taking possession of the properties by an incompetent occurs, it is invalid and cannot take effect. In the legal system of Islam, the individual with a sort of a disease that features certain types of conditions leading to the weakness of the mind or insanity is called an incompetent. But the example cases of the incompetent and incompetency have not been delimited in the jurisprudence and law. Thus, the investigation of the instruments of incompetency from the perspective of the jurisprudential texts and the statutory provisions via offering an assumption indicating the non-delimitation of the incompetency instruments scope has resulted in conflicts in the non-litigious affairs law with the civil procedure, the necessity to rethink the causes of insanity as one instrument of incompetency in the civil law, the centrality of the incompetency for its setting the ground for the exertion of the law and the non-litigious affairs regulations as well as the incompetency of some patients with nervous diseases like hysterical conversion and dissociative hysteria and so forth. Therefore, conceptualizing the incompetency, the present study aims at assessing, then criticizing and investigating, the proofs offered by the proponents and the opponents of the incompetency of the patients with hysteria so as to consequently conclude an assumption regarding the hysteric patients’ incompetency and the relevant contradictions, if any, with the non-litigious matters law and civil procedure.

scholarly journals Civil Procedure on Securing a Claim in the Republic of Kosovo

SEEU Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-138
Author(s):  
Bionda Rexhepi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Main Concept ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
Final Verdict ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Interim Measures

Abstract The objective of the paper is to create a concept of what securing the claim is, based on the positive legislation of Kosovo’s law, comparing its regulation with laws of somewhat similar legislations of neighbouring regions, understanding its implementation in practice, to achieve conclusions and remarks based on law, facts, practice, and the comparative aspect. The Civil Procedure Law in the Republic of Kosovo is regulated with contested, non-contested or enforcement procedure. Securing the claim is an institute expressively regulated by the “Law on Contested Procedure of the Republic of Kosovo” on its XXI Chapter that defines its means and types. Considering securing the claim measures are present in civil law to prevent any possible threat of protected rights until the final verdict is given, this paper tends to achieve a realization of how these measures practically succeed in actual cases, if they meet the criteria set in the law, or if securing the claim proposal is approved by the court, if they unintentionally restrain the respondent from using their rights. Moving forward, how one distinguishes claim security and interim measures from one-another although they describe the main concept, is strictly reviewed under this article, to finally achieve conclusions and remarks based on questions raised as above.

Enforcing Anti-Discrimination Law in Greece

2019 ◽  
pp. 195-213
Author(s):  
Stamatina Yannakourou ◽  
Dimitris Goulas
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Systematic Change ◽  
Labour Law ◽  
Limited Role ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Substantive Law

This chapter analyses the causes of the courts’ limited role in the enforcement of anti-discrimination law in Greece. The authors identify substantive law barriers stemming from the courts’ conservatism to implement an unfamiliar legal framework, as well as procedural deficiencies of the individual litigation system itself. They reveal how these, separately and in combination, affect the judicial enforcement of anti-discrimination law. It is argued that anti-discrimination law will not be enforced effectively in Greece as long as it cannot be accommodated within the rules of more traditional areas of law, such as civil law, labour law, and civil procedure law. Therefore, a broader proactive enforcement strategy should be developed, associating the courts institutionally with the Ombudsman as equality body, in order to obtain remedies that would not only benefit individuals but also seek to achieve a more systematic change of policies, practices, and societal attitudes.

Criteria of Liability for Breach of Contract

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Livneh
Keyword(s):  
Civil Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bad Faith ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Direct Damage ◽  
Damage Compensation ◽  
Direct Loss ◽  
The Law

The Israel law on damages for breach of contract is contained in arts. 106–11 (112) of the Ottoman Code of Civil Procedure, 1879 (OCCP), and the law on damages for torts in the Civil Wrongs Ordinance, 1944, (CWO)— enactments from two different worlds, built upon different foundations. The tests of liability are as follows.OCCPart. 109. “If the non-performance of an agreement be not due to bad faith on the part of the person who has undertaken to perform it, the damages awarded against him shall be equivalent only to the direct and determinate loss suffered by the other party owing to such non-performance.”art. 110. “If the non-performance of the agreement be due to fraud or bad faith on the part of the person bound to perform it, he shall be liable to pay damages which shall include both direct loss caused to the other party by such non-performance and also profits of which he may have been deprived owing to such non-performance.”CWOsec. 60, prov. (a), “…where the plaintiff has suffered damage, compensation shall only be awarded in respect of such damage as would naturally arise in the usual course of things and which directly arose from the defendant's civil wrong;…”Among all the criteria of liability for damages (which will hereafter be analysed) one only is common to both laws—“direct” damage. But neither law is original; it will be more interesting, and more instructive for the elucidation of their meaning, to go back to the sources and to compare both sets of provisions with their source, and the sources with each other.

scholarly journals Urgency Application Of Proof Decisoir Eed Related With Judicial Conditions In The Civil Case Evidence In The Court (Case Study of Decision No. 47 / Pdt.G / 2012 / PN Lsk and Decision No. 16/Pdt.G/2012/PN Stb)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-216
Author(s):  
Efa Laela Fakhriah ◽  
Yustika Tatar Fauzi Harahap
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Court Case ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Civil Case ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
The Law

Abstract:Implementation of the law that related civil law to the procedure of settlement of the legal dispute in court is regulated by formal law that named law of civil procedure. The aim of this study to determine how the application of proof decisoir eed in Civil Case Evidence in Court? and how the factors that affect the consideration of the judge in deciding decisoir eed as evidence?. There are some references for this research, court decisions, both decisoir eed application by either party in order to convince the judge and decisoir eed as the only evidence of the evidentiary process. The results showed that contradictory opinions: 1. In practice there are judicial decisions that apply oath breaker even if the parties have filed written evidence and witnesses and 2. decisoir eed can be applied if one of the parties did not submit evidence. The next discussion is the existence of subjective factors and objective factors for the judge to consider the granting of the decisoir eed by the parties. The conclusion of this research is the application of the decisoir eed of the civil event is irrelevant because of the low sense of legal certainty.Keywords: Proof, Decisoir Eed, Judge Abstrak:Implementasi hukum yang berhubungan di bidang keperdataan terhadap tata cara penyelesaian sengketa hukum di pengadilan diatur oleh hukum formil yang disebut dengan hukum acara perdata. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan alat bukti sumpah pemutus dalam pembuktian perkara perdata di Pengadilan dan bagaimana faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terhadap keyakinan Hakim dalam memutuskan sumpah pemutus. Materi pembahasan penelitian ini adalah permohonan sumpah pemutus oleh salah satu pihak dengan tujuan untuk meyakinkan Hakim dalam menilai kebenaran alat bukti dan permohonan sumpah pemutus sebagai alat bukti satu-satunya dalam proses pembuktian. Hasil analisis menunjukan 2 (dua) pendapat saling kontradiktif yaitu dalam Putusan No. 47/Pdt.G/2012/PN Lsk Majelis Hakim yang mengabulkan permohonan sumpah pemutus oleh Penggugat meskipun Penggugat telah memiliki alat bukti lain dan dalam Putusan No. 16/Pdt.G/2012/PN Stb Majelis Hakim tidak mengabulkan permohonan sumpah pemutus dalam perkara tersebut karena Pihak Lawan memiliki bukti surat dan saksi. Pembahasan berikutnya sehubugan dengan faktor subyektif dan faktor obyektif dari Hakim dalam mempertimbangkan permohonan sumpah pemutus oleh para pihak. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah penerapan alat bukti sumpah pemutus dalam acara perdata sudah tidak relevan karena jauh dari rasa kepastian hukum dan paradigma hukum yang berkembang dalam penanganan perkara perdata di samping mencari kebenaran formal mulai mengarah kepada terwujudnya kebenaran materiil terbatas. Hakim harus melakukan pencarian kebenaran terhadap fakta yang dipersengketakan demi terwujudnya keadilan dan kepastian hukum.Kata kunci: Alat Bukti, Sumpah Pemutus, Hakim

scholarly journals Non-Delimitation of Incompetency Denotations in Jurisprudence and Law and the Contradiction of some of its Titles to the Law on Non-Litigious Matters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorush Niknamian
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

“Incompetency” literally means prohibition and it is commonly used to point to an individual being deprived of his rights to take possession of his properties and his financial rights by the law. And, in other words, the incompetents are the individuals that do not possess “the legal capacity to enjoy a certain right” and are deprived from taking possession of their properties and if such a taking possession of the properties by an incompetent occurs, it is invalid and cannot take effect.In the legal system of Islam, the individual with a sort of a disease that features certain types of conditions leading to the weakness of the mind or insanity is called an incompetent. But the example cases of the incompetent and incompetency have not been delimited in the jurisprudence and law. Thus, the investigation of the instruments of incompetency from the perspective of the jurisprudential texts and the statutory provisions via offering an assumption indicating the non-delimitation of the incompetency instruments scope has resulted in conflicts in the non-litigious affairs law with the civil procedure, the necessity to rethink the causes of insanity as one instrument of incompetency in the civil law, the centrality of the incompetency for its setting the ground for the exertion of the law and the non-litigious affairs regulations as well as the incompetency of some patients with nervous diseases like hysterical conversion and dissociative hysteria and so forth. Therefore, conceptualizing the incompetency, the present study aims at assessing, then criticizing and investigating, the proofs offered by the proponents and the opponents of the incompetency of the patients with hysteria so as to consequently conclude an assumption regarding the hysteric patients’ incompetency and the relevant contradictions, if any, with the non-litigious matters law and civil procedure.

scholarly journals AKIBAT HUKUM MALPRAKTIK TERHADAP DOKTER DITINJAU DARI HUKUM PERDATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Mutia Sezia Nur Aini ◽  
Arief Suryono
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Liability ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Legal Study ◽  
Data Collecting ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
The Law ◽  
Materials Used

<p>Abstract<br />The aim of this study is to find out the consequence of doing malpractice by a doctor. This case is  examined by terms of civil law. This legal study ia a prescriptive normative legal study which uses statute approach. The legal materials used in this study are primary and secondary legal sources. The data collecting technique used in this research is literature studies and document studies. The data are analyzed by deductive method, according to this study, basically the objective of civil liability is to get compensation for patient’s losses caused by the breach of contract and or unlawful action of the doctor. The breach of contract done by doctor is the unfulfilled requirements in agreed agreement. By the act against the law, the doctor can be blamed for breakin article 1365, 1367 of Civil Law. Therefore, the doctor should be responsible for compensation either materally or immaterially to the patient or family for error that cause injury and even death.<br />Keywords: Malpractice; Doctor; Breach of Contract; Unlawful Act.</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui akibat hukum dokter apabila melakukan malpraktik, dalam hukum  perdata. Penelitian hukum ini termasuk jenis penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan Peraturan Perundang-undangan. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan ialah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi kepustakaan atau studi dokumen, dengan menggunakan metode deduktif sebagai teknik analisis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka pertanggungjawaban perdata pada dasarnya bertujuan memperoleh ganti rugi yang di derita oleh pasien karena adanya wanprestasi dan/perbuatan melanggar hukum dari tindakan dokter. Wanprestasi yang dilakukan dokter adalah dengan tidak memenuhinya syarat yang tertera dalam perjanjian yang telah disepakati. Sedangkan dalam perbuatan melanggar hukum, dokter dapat dipersalahkan apabila melanggar pasal 1365, 1367 Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata. Oleh karena itu, dokter harus bertanggung jawab atas perbuatannya berupa pengganti kerugian baik materiil maupun immateriil terhadap pasien atau keluarga atas kesalahan atau kelalaian yang mengakibatkan pasien cidera atau bahkan meninggal dunia. <br />Kata Kunci: Malpraktik; Dokter; Wanprestasi; Perbuatan Melawan Hukum</p>

scholarly journals Non-Delimitation of Incompetency Denotations in Jurisprudence and Law and the Contradiction of some of its Titles to the Law on Non-Litigious Matters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorush Niknamian
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Mind

“Incompetency” literally means prohibition and it is commonly used to point to an individual being deprived of his rights to take possession of his properties and his financial rights by the law. And, in other words, the incompetents are the individuals that do not possess “the legal capacity to enjoy a certain right” and are deprived from taking possession of their properties and if such a taking possession of the properties by an incompetent occurs, it is invalid and cannot take effect.In the legal system of Islam, the individual with a sort of a disease that features certain types of conditions leading to the weakness of the mind or insanity is called an incompetent. But the example cases of the incompetent and incompetency have not been delimited in the jurisprudence and law. Thus, the investigation of the instruments of incompetency from the perspective of the jurisprudential texts and the statutory provisions via offering an assumption indicating the non-delimitation of the incompetency instruments scope has resulted in conflicts in the non-litigious affairs law with the civil procedure, the necessity to rethink the causes of insanity as one instrument of incompetency in the civil law, the centrality of the incompetency for its setting the ground for the exertion of the law and the non-litigious affairs regulations as well as the incompetency of some patients with nervous diseases like hysterical conversion and dissociative hysteria and so forth. Therefore, conceptualizing the incompetency, the present study aims at assessing, then criticizing and investigating, the proofs offered by the proponents and the opponents of the incompetency of the patients with hysteria so as to consequently conclude an assumption regarding the hysteric patients’ incompetency and the relevant contradictions, if any, with the non-litigious matters law and civil procedure.

scholarly journals PRAKTEK HUKUM PENENTUAN GANTI RUGI OLEH HAKIM SEBAGAI AKIBAT ADANYA GUGATAN WANPRESTASI PADA KASUS HUTANG PIUTANG ATAU TUNTUTAN MEMBAYAR SEJUMLAH UANG DI PENGADILAN NEGERI SURAKARTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Th. Wahyu Winarto ◽  
Hari Purwadi ◽  
Widodo T Novianto
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
District Court ◽  
Punitive Damages ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
The Law ◽  
Discovery Method ◽  
Legal Discovery ◽  
Standard Components

<p>Abstract<br />This article aims to know the components and standards what is used and what legal practice used by judge District Court of Surakarta to determine punitive damages based on tort lawsuits in the dispute a debt receivable or pay an amount of money. The article is the juridical normative research. That the practice of law determining the indemnity by the judge as a result of any such tort lawsuits in case of debts receivable or demands payment of a sum of money in the District Court of Surakarta, that conclusion can be obtained in determining his little big compensation is required, the judge uses standard components and such indemnity as provided for in Article 1243 until 1252 The Book Of Civil Law (KUHPerdata) and the law is rooted in the jurisprudence. So that legal considerations in the verdict, a very dry atmosphere of juridical, sociological and philosophical. Recommendation in the context of the discovery of the law by the judge, in order to provide authoritative legal verdict, then required the preparation of material different methods of determining the law regarding the determination of the damages, and legal discovery method as a reference for judges in carrying out tasks mandated laws.</p><p>Keywords : Indemnity, Tort Lawsuit, Debt Receivable<br />           <br />Abstrak<br />Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komponen-komponen dan standar apa yang dipakai dan apa Praktek  hukum yang  dipakai oleh hakim  Pengadilan  Negeri  Surakarta  untuk  menentukan ganti rugi yang didasarkan pada gugatan wanprestasi dalam sengketa hutang piutang atau tuntutan membayar sejumlah uang. Artikel ini adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Dalam menentukan besar kecilnya ganti rugi yang dituntut, hakim menggunakan komponen dan standar ganti rugi seperti seperti yang diatur dalam Pasal 1243 sampai dengan 1252 KUHPerdata dan hukum yang digunakan adalah yang dianut dalam yurisprudensi. Sehingga pertimbangan-pertimbangan  hukum dalam  putusan tersebut, sangat kering oleh hakim, agar dapat menghasilkan putusan hukum yang berwibawa, maka diperlukan penyusunan materi  berbagai  metode  penentuan  hukum mengenai  Praktek  penentuan  ganti  rugi,  dan  sekaligus metode penemuan hukum sebagai acuan bagi para hakim dalam menjalankan tugas yang diamanatkan undang-undang.  </p><p>Kata Kunci : Ganti Rugi, Gugatan Wanprestasi, Hutang Piutang</p>

ASAS TERBUKA UNTUK UMUM DAN KEHADIRAN FISIK PARA PIHAK DALAM SIDANG DI PENGADILAN NEGERI PASCA PERATURAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Bernadette M Waluyo
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Basic Principle ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
District Court ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Law Courts ◽  
Court Proceedings

The Indonesian Supreme Court, in response to the information era, modernizes the civil procedural rules at the district court level.  This is done by issuing Supreme Court Regulation no. 1 of 2019 re. Administration of Justice at Civil Law Courts and Electronic-Court Proceedings. Undoubtedly, modernization of existing rules on the administration of justice is much needed.  On the other hand, these changes may violate a number of procedural civil law principles.  The author argues, from a civil procedural law perspective, that the above Supreme Court regulation violates the basic principle of transparency of court proceedings and physical attendance at court proceedings. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document