scholarly journals Fabrication of the Fe/PZT Functionally Graded Material and its Application on the Thermal Match for Transducers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangong YU ◽  
Zuotong WANG ◽  
Bo ZHANG ◽  
Xiaoming ZHANG ◽  
Mo LI
Keyword(s):  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Element Distribution ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Pressureless Infiltration ◽  
Object A ◽  
Matching Layer ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Functionally Graded Layer

To solve the debonding and fracture problems caused by the different thermal expansion coefficients of the transducer element and the measured object, a new method combined with the powder lamination, pressureless infiltration and hot pressing sintering is proposed to prepare Fe/PZT functionally graded material as the matching layer of transducers. The microstructure and element distribution of the functionally graded layer are analyzed by the SEM and EDS. The results show that the volume fraction and elements of the functionally graded layer after the pressureless infiltration at 1100 °C and the hot pressing at 800 °C are linearly and continuously distributed along the thickness direction. The thermal cycle contrast test shows the well matching performance of the functionally graded disk as the transducer matching layer from room temperature to 180 °C. Finally, Lamb wave propagation experiment at the 180 °C shows that the functionally graded matching layer can be used effectively.

FE Analysis of Functionally Graded Material Plate during Debonding Case with Different Boundary Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasim M.K. Helal ◽  
Dong Yan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Maximum Shear Stress ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Different Boundary Conditions ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
The Relationship

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) have become helpful in our engineering applications. Analysis of functionally graded material (FGM) plate during debonding case with different boundary conditions is the main purpose of this investigation. Elastic modulus (E) of functionally graded (FG) plate is assumed to vary continuously throughout the height of the plate, according the volume fraction of the constituent materials based on a modified sigmoid function, but the value of Poisson coefficient is constant. In this research, the finite element method (FEM) is used in order to show the shape of a plate made of FGM during debonding case with different boundary conditions. In the present investigation, the displacement value applied to the FGM plate is changed in order to find the relationship between the maximum von Mises stress and the displacement. Also, the relationship between the maximum shear stress and the displacement is carried out in the present work. The material gradient indexes of the FGM plate are changed from 1 to 10. The stress distributions around the debonding zone with all the material gradient indexes of the FGM plate are investigated in this work.

BI-STABLE ANALYSES OF LAMINATED FGM SHELLS

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 311-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Q. HE ◽  
L. LI ◽  
S. KITIPORNCHAI ◽  
C. M. WANG ◽  
H. P. ZHU
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Optimum Combination ◽  
Thickness Direction ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Deployable Structures ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Two Parameter

Based on an inextensional two-parameter analytical model for cylindrical shells, bi-stable analyses were carried out on laminated functionally graded material (FGM) shells with various layups of fibers. Properties of FGM shells are functionally graded in the thickness direction according to a volume fraction power law distribution. The effects of constituent volume fractions of FGM matrix are examined on the curvature and twist of laminated FGM shells. The results reveal that the optimum combination of constituents of FGM matrix can be obtained for the maximum twist of FGM shells with antisymmetric layups, which helps the design of deployable structures. The effects of Young's modulus of fibers and the symmetry of layups on bi-stable behaviors are also discussed in detail.

Effects of piezoelectric rings on electro-elasto-dynamic behaviour of functionally graded cylindrical shell

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Saviz
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Cylindrical Shell ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Radial Coordinate ◽  
Graded Material

A layer-wise finite element approach is adopted to analyse the hollow cylindrical shell made of functionally graded material with piezoelectric rings as sensor/actuator, under dynamic load. The mechanical properties of the substrate are regulated by volume fraction as a function of radial coordinate. The thickness of functionally graded material shell and piezo-rings is divided into mathematical sub-layers and then the general layer-wise laminate theory is formulated through introducing piecewise continuous approximations across the thickness, accounting for any discontinuity in derivatives of the displacement at the interface between the ring and cylinder. The virtual work statement including structural and electrical potential energies yields the three-dimensional governing equations which are reduced to two-dimensional differential equations, using layer-wise method. For axisymmetric case, the resulted equations are solved with one-dimensional finite element method in the axial direction. By assembling stiffness and mass matrices, the required stress and displacement continuities at each interface and between the two adjacent elements are forced. The results for free vibration and static loading are applied to study the convergence and verified by comparing them to solutions of similar existing problems. The induced deformation by piezoelectric actuators as well as the effect of rings on functionally graded material shell is investigated.

On modal analysis of axially functionally graded material beam under hygrothermal effect

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 1085-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Sharma ◽  
Rahul Singh ◽  
Muzamal Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Modal Analysis ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Hygrothermal Effect ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Eigen Frequencies ◽  
Axially Functionally Graded Material

This investigation focuses on the modal analysis of an axially functionally graded material beam under hygrothermal effect. The material constants of the beam are supposed to be graded smoothly along the axial direction under both power law and sigmoid law distribution. A finite element analysis with COMSOL Multiphysics® (version 5.2) package is used to find the Eigen frequencies of the beam. The accuracy of the technique is authenticated by relating the results with the prior investigation for reduced case. The effects of moisture changes, temperature, and volume fraction index, length-to-thickness ratio on the Eigen frequencies are investigated in detail. It is believed that the present investigation may be useful in the design of highly efficient environmental sensors for structural health monitoring perspective.

Investigation of the mechanical properties on the large amplitude free vibrations of the functionally graded material sandwich plates

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 895-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sid Ahmed Belalia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Free Vibrations ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Sandwich Plates ◽  
Nonlinear Frequency ◽  
Graded Material

In this paper, the geometrically nonlinear formulation based on von Karman’s assumptions is employed to study the large amplitude free vibrations of functionally graded materials sandwich plates. The functionally graded material sandwich plate is made up of two layers of power-law functionally graded material face sheet and one layer of ceramic homogeneous core. A hierarchical finite element is employed to define the model, taking into account the effects of the transverse shear deformation and the rotatory inertia. The equations of motion for the nonlinear vibration of the functionally graded material sandwich plates are obtained using Lagrange’s equations. Employing the harmonic balance method, the equations of motion are converted from time domain to frequency domain and then solved iteratively using the linearized updated mode method. Results for linear and nonlinear frequency parameters of the simply supported functionally graded material sandwich plates are computed and compared with the published values, and an excellent agreement was found. The influence of the mechanical properties of the functionally graded material, thickness ratio of FGM layers, and volume fraction exponent on the backbone curves and on the nonlinear frequency parameters are investigated. The effects of the material properties of two different types of ceramics on the large amplitude vibration behaviors of the functionally graded material sandwich plates is also presented and discussed for the first time.

Dynamic behaviors of multi-span viscoelastic functionally graded material pipe conveying fluid

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (17) ◽  
pp. 3181-3192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaquan Deng ◽  
Yongshou Liu ◽  
Zijun Zhang ◽  
Wei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Pipe Conveying Fluid ◽  
Dynamic Behaviors ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Conveying Fluid

In this paper, the dynamic behaviors of a multi-span viscoelastic functionally graded material pipe conveying fluid are investigated by dynamic stiffness method. The material properties of the functionally graded material pipe are considered as graded distribution along the thickness direction according to a power-law. Several numerical examples are performed to study the effects of volume fraction exponent, fluid velocity, internal pressure, and internal damping on the stability and frequency response of the fluid-conveying functionally graded material pipe. It’s found that the viscoelastic functionally graded material pipe exhibits some special dynamic behaviors and it could increase the stability significantly when compared with the aluminum and steel pipes. The numerical results also demonstrate that by the introduction of the functionally graded material, the stiffness of the piping system could be modulated easily by designing the volume fraction function. Therefore, if the dominant frequency contents of the external loads are known, a preferable design of the functionally graded material pipe to reduce the vibration is possible.

Free Vibration of a Rotating Sandwich Plate with Viscoelastic Core and Functionally Graded Material Constraining Layer

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1750114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shince. V. Joseph ◽  
S. C. Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Free Vibration ◽  
Shear Deformation ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Rotational Speed ◽  
Sandwich Plate ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Setting Angle ◽  
Viscoelastic Core ◽  
Graded Material

Free vibration analysis of a sandwich plate with viscoelastic material core and functionally graded material (FGM) constraining layer under centrifugal force field is investigated herein. One edge of the sandwich plate is fixed to a rotating hub. The first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is used in the finite element modeling of the problem. The effects of strains due to the longitudinal and transverse deformations are also considered in addition to the shear deformation of the core. Various parametric studies are carried out to examine the effects of volume fraction index, setting angle, hub radius and rotational speed on the vibration characteristics of the sandwich plate. It is found that the fundamental frequency of the plate decreases with an increase in the volume fraction index of the FGM layer, viscoelastic core thickness and setting angle. The first mode loss factor increases with respect to the increasing volume fraction index. Increase in rotational speed and hub radius lead to an increase in the natural frequencies and a decrease in the modal loss factors.

Creep Behavior of Functionally Graded Material under In-Plane Bending Moment

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 449-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Chen ◽  
Fu Zhen Xuan ◽  
Zheng Dong Wang ◽  
Shan Tung Tu
Keyword(s):  
Creep Behavior ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Creep Stress ◽  
Graded Material ◽  
Plane Bending

The creep behavior of functionally graded material under in-plane bending moment is investigated in this paper. By extending the classic beam theory an analytical model is proposed to predict the distributions of creep strain and creep stress inside the functionally graded material according to the relationship between the inclusion volume fraction and composite creep coefficient. The analytical solution agrees well with the results obtained by the finite element method and the basic knowledge about time-dependent behavior of functionally graded material is achieved to guide its design and fabrication.

Nonlinear Dynamics of Functionally Graded Material Plates Under Dynamic Liquid Load and with Longitudinal Speed

2017 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 1750054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Qing Wang ◽  
Jean W. Zu
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Dynamics ◽  
Functionally Graded Material ◽  
Internal Resonance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Perturbation Technique ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Nonlinear Frequency ◽  
Modal Interaction ◽  
Liquid Load ◽  
Graded Material

This paper investigates the dynamics of functionally graded material (FGM) plates under dynamic liquid load and with longitudinal speed. The liquid is assumed to be ideal so that it is incompressible, inviscid and irrotational. Based on the D’Alembert’s principle, the mathematical model of the system is developed by taking into account geometrical and material nonlinearities as well as velocity potential and Bernoulli’s equation. The Galerkin method is employed to discretize the partial differential governing equation to a series of ordinary differential ones, which are then analyzed via the use of the method of harmonic balance. Analytical results are compared with numerical ones to validate the present method. The stability of the steady-state response is examined by means of the perturbation technique. Linear analysis of the system shows the possible appearance of internal resonance, and nonlinear frequency-response curves demonstrate strong hardening-spring property of the system. A modal interaction behavior through 1:1 internal resonance is detected; the behavior can happen in a wide domain of constituent volume fraction, which is a unique phenomenon in moving FGM plates compared with their metallic counterparts. Furthermore, results show the modal interaction can be easily evoked in the moving FGM plate under dynamic liquid load, even while the plate is subjected to minimal exciting force or large damping. In addition, influence of the plate location on nonlinear dynamics of the system is examined; results show the dynamic response of the plate will change considerably when the plate is near the container wall.

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