scholarly journals Characterizing Protection Effects on Network Epidemics driven by Random Walks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Souza ◽  
Daniel Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Random Walks ◽  
Complete Graph ◽  
Mobile Agents ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Epidemic Outbreak ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Safe Sites ◽  
Simulation Results

Protection effects (PFx) denote protective measures taken by individuals (such as to wear masks and wash hands) upon their risk-perception towards an ongoing epidemic outbreak. The holistic force produced may fundamentally change the course of a spreading, with respect to both its reach and duration. This work proposes a model for PFx on network epidemics where nodes are sites mobile-agents may visit. Risk aversion is encoded as random-walks biased to safe sites. Assuming the network is a complete graph, the model is analyzed and framed as a classical SIS. We find a regime under which PFx preclude endemic steady-states upon arbitrarily large rates for both walk and transmissibility. Simulation results support our theoretical findings.

Impact of risk aversion, reactance proneness and risk appraisal on travel destination risk perception

2021 ◽  
pp. 135676672098786
Author(s):  
Melvin Prince ◽  
Young Kim
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
International Travel ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Risk Appraisal ◽  
Travel Destination ◽  
The Past ◽  
Subjective Estimates

The aim of the study is to investigate the motivational effects of tourist traits and risk appraisal on tourist destination risk perception. Risk appraisal involves subjective estimates of vulnerability to a threat and the threat’s consequential severity. Fear levels influence both of these elements of risk appraisal. Individual differences in reactance proneness and risk aversion are introduced into the study model to more fully account for differences in travel destination risk perceptions. The study design involves US adults, who have used their passports for international travel in the past 5 years. Travel risk assessments were studied for four destination sites: London, Tokyo, Kuala Lumpur and Istanbul. A general structural model is developed to test hypotheses about antecedents and consequents of risk appraisal and destination risk perception.

scholarly journals Risk Perception of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Implementation of Various Protective Measures by Dentists Across Various Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5848
Author(s):  
Anand Marya ◽  
Mohmed Isaqali Karobari ◽  
Siddharthan Selvaraj ◽  
Abdul Habeeb Adil ◽  
Ali A. Assiry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
General Dentists ◽  
Uv Lamps

Objective: Healthcare workers in general are at a high risk of potential infections with COVID-19, especially those who work with aerosol generating procedures. Dentists fall in this category, as not only do they operate with aerosol generating procedures but also operate within a face-to-face contact area. Methods: A structured self-administered questionnaire was developed at Najran University and provided to the participants for data collection. The data collected included information on risk perception and incorporation of measures for protection against COVID-19 to gauge the attitude of dentists during this period. Also, clinical implementation of various protective measures was reviewed. Results: Of the n = 322 dentists that answered the questions, 50% were general dentists and 28.9% were dentists working at specialist clinics, while the remaining 21.1% of dentists were employed in academic institutions. Among the newer additions to the clinic, 36.3% of dentists answered that they had added atomizers to their practices, followed by 26.4% of dentists that had incorporated the use of UV lamps for sterilization. We found that 18.9% dentists were using HEPA filters in their clinics, while 9.9% of dentists were making use of fumigation devices to control the risk of infection. One-way ANOVA was also carried out to demonstrate that there was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.049) between groups of dentists utilizing HEPA filters, UV lamps, atomizers, and fumigation devices to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV2 across their workplaces. Conclusion: Dentists are aware of recently updated knowledge about the modes of transmission of COVID-19 and the recommended infection control measures in dental settings. A better understanding of the situation and methods to prevent it will ensure that the dental community is able to provide healthcare services to patients during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Mean Hitting Time for Random Walks on a Class of Sparse Networks

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Jing Su ◽  
Xiaomin Wang ◽  
Bing Yao
Keyword(s):  
Random Walks ◽  
Complete Graph ◽  
Hitting Time ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Kirchhoff Index ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Sparse Networks ◽  
Similar Dynamic ◽  
Recursive Relations

For random walks on a complex network, the configuration of a network that provides optimal or suboptimal navigation efficiency is meaningful research. It has been proven that a complete graph has the exact minimal mean hitting time, which grows linearly with the network order. In this paper, we present a class of sparse networks G(t) in view of a graphic operation, which have a similar dynamic process with the complete graph; however, their topological properties are different. We capture that G(t) has a remarkable scale-free nature that exists in most real networks and give the recursive relations of several related matrices for the studied network. According to the connections between random walks and electrical networks, three types of graph invariants are calculated, including regular Kirchhoff index, M-Kirchhoff index and A-Kirchhoff index. We derive the closed-form solutions for the mean hitting time of G(t), and our results show that the dominant scaling of which exhibits the same behavior as that of a complete graph. The result could be considered when designing networks with high navigation efficiency.

Phantom Track Generation Through Cooperative Control of Multiple ECAVs Based on Feasibility Analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. A. Maithripala ◽  
Suhada Jayasuriya ◽  
Mark J. Mears
Keyword(s):  
Multiagent Systems ◽  
Mobile Agents ◽  
Cooperative Control ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Feasibility Analysis ◽  
Rigorous Treatment ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Feasible Solutions ◽  
Generation Problem

Radar deception through phantom track generation using multiple electronic combat air vehicles is addressed, which serves as a motivating example for cooperative control of autonomous multiagent systems. A general framework to derive sufficient conditions for the existence of feasible solutions for an affine nonlinear control system comprising of a team of nonholonomic mobile agents having to satisfy actuator and interagent constraints is presented. Based on this feasibility analysis, an algorithm capable of generating trajectories online and in real time, for the phantom track generation problem, is developed. A rigorous treatment of the phantom track generation problem, which includes results on its accessibility, feasibility, local asymptotic straightening of trajectories, and a limited result on system controllability, is given. The basic approach to the algorithm based on the results developed here is presented along with simulation results, validating the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Flux Reflection Model of the Ferroresonant Circuit

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kruno Miličević ◽  
Ivan Flegar ◽  
Denis Pelin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Linear Model ◽  
Nonlinear Model ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Reflection Model ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Ferroresonant Circuit ◽  
Nonlinear Coil

The paper presents a linear model of ferroresonant circuit with flux reflection. The proposed model—flux reflection model—derives from observations of typical flux waveforms of nonlinear coil during ferroresonant steady states. Simulation results of the flux reflection model are compared with simulation results of the usual nonlinear model as well as with measurements carried out on the physical model of the ferroresonant circuit. The flux reflection model enables a novel comprehension of the ferroresonant circuit behavior and simplifies the modeling of the nonlinear coil in the ferroresonant circuit.

CHANGES IN RISK PERCEPTION DEMONSTRATED BY POLISH FARMERS FROM COMMERCIAL FARMS IN THE PERIOD 2011-2017

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Sulewski ◽  
Kinga Pogodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Commercial Farms ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Changes In Risk

In the paper some changes in farmers’ risk perception has been analyzed. The study is based on data collected from almost 600 farms in 2011 and 2017. The analysis revealed that in the period 2011-2017 farmers’ risk aversion slightly declined. The results shown that drought and prices volatility are perceived by farmers as the main factors of risk in agricultural production in Poland. However a decrease in the significance of most risk factors (except drought) can be also observed. The results of the study suggest that the potential of development of current insurance scheme in Poland is rather limited.

On a Conjecture of Bollobás and Brightwell Concerning Random Walks on Product Graphs

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLLE HÄGGSTRÖM
Keyword(s):  
Random Walk ◽  
Random Walks ◽  
Discrete Time ◽  
Complete Graph ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Product Graph ◽  
Product Graphs ◽  
Continuous Time Random Walks ◽  
Discrete Time Case

We consider continuous time random walks on a product graph G×H, where G is arbitrary and H consists of two vertices x and y linked by an edge. For any t>0 and any a, b∈V(G), we show that the random walk starting at (a, x) is more likely to have hit (b, x) than (b, y) by time t. This contrasts with the discrete time case and proves a conjecture of Bollobás and Brightwell. We also generalize the result to cases where H is either a complete graph on n vertices or a cycle on n vertices.

scholarly journals Acceptance and adoption of protective measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of trust in politics and trust in science

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Dohle ◽  
Tobias Wingen ◽  
Mike Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Health Messages ◽  
World War ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Total N ◽  
Second World

The United Nations have described the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as the worst global crisis since the second world war. Behavioral protective measures, such as good hand hygiene and social distancing, may strongly affect infection and fatality rates worldwide. In two studies (total N = 962), we aimed to identify central predictors of acceptance and adoption of protective measures, including sociodemographic variables, risk perception, and trust. We found that men and younger participants show lower acceptance and adoption of protective measures, suggesting that it is crucial to develop targeted health messages for these groups. Moreover, trust in politics and trust in science emerged as important predictors for the acceptance and adoption of protective measures. These results show that maintaining and ideally strengthening trust in politics and trust in science might be central for overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study to Understand the Risk Perception About Exposure to the Bites of Sandflies Among Migrant Workers in the Lowlands of Northwest Ethiopia. A Health Belief Model Perspective.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resom Berhe ◽  
Mark Spigt ◽  
Francine Schneider ◽  
Lucy Paintain ◽  
Cherinet Adera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Protective Measures

Abstract Background: Leishmaniasis is the top health problem among migrant workers in Ethiopia. Poor disease risk perception and inappropriate health-seeking behaviour are significant challenges to prevent and eliminate the disease. Therefore, there is a lack of guidance on supporting migrant workers in taking actions to prevent Leishmaniasis.Method: Between June and November 2019, we conducted qualitative research among migrant workers at risk of Leishmaniasis in Ethiopia. Seventeen Focus Group Discussions and 16 Key informant interviews were conducted to study risk perception in relation to exposure to sandfly bites and the use of sandfly control measures amongst migrant workers. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated for analysis. Data were analyzed by qualitative content analysis using ATLASti. Result: Migrant workers feel susceptible to Leishmaniasis due to their past exposure, and the disease is prevalent in the area. However, they feel that Leishmaniasis is a mild illness that is easy to cure. While there is a general acceptance of Insecticide Treated Net (ITN) as a protective measure, hesitations remain in the actual behaviour of utilizing it due to the alternative use of the traditional practice, seasonality, and the inconvenience to hang in the farmland areas. The central cues were the message reminders from health workers and rose in sandfly bite irritation regardless of the high perceived self-efficacy. Based on the findings, three-level intervention modalities are recommended: 1) awareness creation throughout of door media (posters, stickers, billboards) at pre-arrival, 2) the arrival level aims to stimulate the use of protective measures to be initiated and maintained, and 3) the aim at the departure level is to inform about the recognition of late signs and symptoms and the use of the protective measure to be continued at home. Conclusion: This finding proposes that leishmaniasis prevention interventions should focus on individuals' perceptions to promote consistent use of protective measures. Results empowered the researchers to foster comprehension of the content required for effective intervention.

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