scholarly journals Improving Energy Efficiency Through Automatic Refactoring

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Luis Cruz ◽  
Rui Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Code Smells ◽  
Android Apps ◽  
Development Lifecycle ◽  
Software Development Lifecycle ◽  
Android Applications

The ever-growing popularity of mobile phones has brought additional challenges to the software development lifecycle. Mobile applications ought to provide the same set of features as conventional software, with limited resources: such as limited processing capabilities, storage, screen and, not less important, power source. Although energy efficiency is a valuable requirement, developers often lack knowledge of best practices. In this paper, we propose a tool to improve the energy efficiency of Android applications using automatic refactoring — Leafactor. The tool features five energy code smells that tend to go unnoticed. In addition, we study whether automatic refactoring can aid developers to ship energy efficient mobile applications with a dataset of 140 free and open source apps. As a result, we detect and fix code smells in 45 Android apps, from which 40% have successfully merged our changes into the official repository.

Ripple Effect Identification in Software Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Anushree Agrawal ◽  
R.K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Open Source Software ◽  
Association Rule ◽  
Association Rule Mining ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Ripple Effect ◽  
Rule Mining ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Development Lifecycle ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Software Development Lifecycle

Changes are made frequently in software to incorporate new requirements. The changes made to one class are not limited to that particular class, but they also affect other entities. Early identification of these change prone entities is very essential for minimizing future faults in the software applications. Thus, it is very important to develop quality models for identifying the ripple effect of changed classes to effectively utilize the limited resources during the software development lifecycle. Association rule mining is a popular approach suggested in literature, but a major limitation of this approach is its inability to generate recommendations in case of new addition of classes. This article suggests the development of prediction model using learning techniques to overcome this limitation. The authors evaluate the performance of thirteen statistical, ML, and search-based techniques using eight open source software applications in this work. The findings of this study are promising and support the application of SBT and ML techniques for ripple effect identification.

Energy efficiency in the European water industry: learning from best practices

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Frijns ◽  
R. Middleton ◽  
C. Uijterlinde ◽  
G. Wheale
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Water Industry ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
European Water

Energy costs and climate change challenges the water industry to improve their energy efficiency. The number of examples of energy measures in water production and treatment is growing rapidly. In this paper, best practices of energy efficiency from the European water industry are presented with the objective of learning from each other. The best practices are collected within the framework of the Global Water Research Coalition's attempt to devise a global compendium ‘Best practices in the energy efficient design and operation of water industry assets’. The case studies in the compendium show significant energy savings in all parts of the water cycle. Examples with potential include the improved operational set up of pumping design, on line aeration control, and energy-efficient bubble aerators and sludge belt thickeners. Next to optimising energy efficiency across the water cycle, there are also opportunities for energy generation. Promising practices include biogas production from sludge (co)digestion and hydraulic energy generation from micro-turbines.

Improving energy efficiency of HVAC systems in buildings: a review of best practices

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Kwame Simpeh ◽  
Jon-Patrick George Pillay ◽  
Ruben Ndihokubwayo ◽  
Dorothy Julian Nalumu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Smart Technologies

PurposeHeating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems account for approximately half of all energy usage in the operational phase of a building's lifecycle. The disproportionate amount of energy usage in HVAC systems against other utilities within buildings has proved a huge cause for alarm, as this practice contributes significantly to global warming and climate change. This paper reviews the status and current trends of energy consumption associated with HVAC systems with the aim of interrogating energy efficiency practices for improving HVAC systems' consumption in buildings in the context of developing countries.Design/methodology/approachThe study relied predominantly on secondary data by analysing the relevant body of literature and proposing conceptual insights regarding best practices for improving the energy efficiency of HVAC systems in buildings. The systematic review of the literature (SLR) was aided by the PRISMA guiding principle. Content analysis technique was adopted to examine germane scholarly articles and finally grouped them into themes.FindingsBased on the SLR, measures for enhancing the energy efficiency of HVAC systems in buildings were classified based on economic considerations ranging from low-cost measures such as the cost of tuning the system, installing zonal control systems, adopting building integrated greenery systems and passive solar designs to major approaches such as HVAC smart technologies for energy management which have multi-year pay-back periods. Further, it was established that practices to improve energy efficiency in buildings range from integrated greening system into buildings to HVAC system which are human-centred and controlled to meet human modalities.Practical implicationsThere is a need to incorporate these energy efficiency practices into building regulations or codes so that built environment professionals would have a framework within which to design their buildings to be energy efficient. This energy efficient solution may serve as a prerequisite for newly constructed buildings.Originality/valueTo this end, the authors develop an integrated optimization conceptual framework mimicking energy efficiency options that may complement HVAC systems operations in buildings.

scholarly journals An Analysis of Five Different Native and Web-Hybrid Platforms for Building Android Apps and their Accessibility for Screen Readers

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Lucas Pedroso Carvalho ◽  
Felipe Silva Dias ◽  
André Pimenta Freire
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Screen Readers ◽  
Android Apps ◽  
Wcag 2.0 ◽  
Embedded Web ◽  
Android Applications ◽  
Accessibility Guidelines ◽  
Content Accessibility ◽  
Visually Disabled

The choice of an interface platform to develop mobile applications may have important implications to how accessible the resulting product can be for visually-disabled users. This paper aimed to analyze four platforms to develop native and web-hybrid mobile Android applications, and to verify the adequacy of their interface components to implement mobile applications, in order to identify the main accessibility problems that could be encountered by developers when using them, and the main strategies to overcome those issues. We built 5 prototypes of mobile applications with the aim of adhering as much as possible to accessibility recommendations. The applications were built using techniques of native applications developed with Android Studio with and without Web components and hybrid development using the frameworks Apache Cordova, Ionic and Appcelerator Titanium. We then performed an accessibility inspection of a sample of 30 Android interface components present in 5 prototypes of mobile applications, to verify their adequacy for working with screen readers. The results showed that the prototypes developed using web components were more compatible with accessibility criteria in the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG 2.0) and with the screen reader TalkBack. The most frequent accessibility problems in native components occurred in tables, headings and multimedia elements. We conclude by showing initial evidence that webbased components in hybrid applications developed using webhybrid and native with embedded web components currently have better support for accessibility than applications with only native components.

scholarly journals Automated Bidirectional Languages Localization Testing for Android Apps with Rich GUI

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiman M. Ayyal Awwad ◽  
Wolfgang Slany
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Automatic Testing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Android Apps ◽  
Culturally Congruent ◽  
Android Applications

Mobile apps are everywhere. The release of apps on a worldwide scale requires them to be made available in many languages, including bidirectional languages. Developers and translators are usually different persons. While automatic testing by itself is important in general in order to be able to develop high quality software, such automatic tests become absolutely essential when developers that do not possess enough knowledge about right-to-left languages need to maintain code that is written for bidirectional languages. A few bidirectional localization tests of mobile applications exist. However, their functionality is limited since they only cover translations and adoption of locales. In this paper we present our approach for automating the bidirectional localization testing for Android applications with a complete consideration for BiDi-languages issues. The objective is to check for any localization defects in the product. The proposed methods are used to test issues of bidirectional apps in general and specifically for the Arabic language. The results show that the methods are able to effectively reveal deficiencies in the app’s design, ensure that the localized app matches all expectations of local users, and guarantee that the product is culturally congruent to local conventions.

Software Development Lifecycle for Energy Efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Georgiou ◽  
Stamatia Rizou ◽  
Diomidis Spinellis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Development Lifecycle ◽  
Software Development Lifecycle

Best Practices

2019 ◽  
pp. 146-159
Author(s):  
Anchitaalagammai J. V. ◽  
Kavitha Samayadurai ◽  
Murali S. ◽  
Padmadevi S. ◽  
Shantha Lakshmi Revathy J.
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Software Development ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Security Testing ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
Development Lifecycle ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Secure Coding ◽  
Software Development Lifecycle ◽  
Software Engineers

Internet of things (IoT) describes an emerging trend where a large number of embedded devices (things) are connected to the internet to participate in automating activities that create compounded value for the end consumers as well as for the enterprises. One of the greatest concerns in IoT is security, and how software engineers address it will play a deeper role. As devices interact with each other, businesses need to be able to securely handle the data deluge. With focused approach, it is possible to minimize the vulnerabilities and risks exposed to the devices and networks. Adopting security-induced software development lifecycle (SDL) is one of the major steps in identifying and minimizing the zero-day vulnerabilities and hence to secure the IoT applications and devices. This chapter focuses best practices for adopting security into the software development process with the help of two approaches: cryptographic and machine learning techniques to integrate secure coding and security testing ingrained as part of software development lifecycle.

Practical Resources for Provision of Services to Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Users of AAC

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Elena Dukhovny ◽  
E. Betsy Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Culturally And Linguistically Diverse ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Flexible Systems ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Provision Of Services

According to the 2010 U.S. Census, over 20% of Americans speak a language other than English in the home, with Spanish, Chinese, and French being the languages most commonly spoken, aside from English. However, few augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems offer multilingual support for individuals with limited functional speech. There has been much discussion in the AAC community about best practices in AAC system design and intervention strategies, but limited resources exist to help us provide robust, flexible systems for users who speak languages other than English. We must provide services that take into consideration the unique needs of culturally and linguistically diverse users of AAC and help them reach their full communication potential. This article outlines basic guidelines for best practices in AAC design and selection, and presents practical applications of these best practices to multilingual/multicultural clients.

Analysis Criteria for Choosing Energy Efficient High-Quality Light Sources and Luminaires

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Gennady Ya. Vagin ◽  
Eugene B. Solntsev ◽  
Oleg Yu. Malafeev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
The World ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Energy Labelling

The article analyses critera applying to the choice of energy efficient high quality light sources and luminaires, which are used in Russian domestic and international practice. It is found that national standards GOST P 54993–2012 and GOST P 54992– 2012 contain outdated criteria for determining indices and classes of energy efficiency of light sources and luminaires. They are taken from the 1998 EU Directive #98/11/EU “Electric lamps”, in which LED light sources and discharge lamps of high intensity were not included. A new Regulation of the European Union #874/2012/EU on energy labelling of electric lamps and luminaires, in which these light sources are taken into consideration, contains a new technique of determining classes of energy efficiency and new, higher classes are added. The article has carried out a comparison of calculations of the energy efficiency classes in accordance with GOST P 54993 and with Regulation #874/2012/EU, and it is found out that a calculation using GOST P 54993 gives underrated energy efficiency classes. This can lead to interdiction of export for certain light sources and luminaires, can discredit Russian domestic manufacturer light sources and does not correspond to the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Performance Analysis of TBC-ACO Routing Protocol with Existing Routing Protocols of Wireless Sensor Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
A. Radhika ◽  
D. Haritha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Swarm Intelligence ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Congestion Aware

Wireless Sensor Networks, have witnessed significant amount of improvement in research across various areas like Routing, Security, Localization, Deployment and above all Energy Efficiency. Congestion is a problem of  importance in resource constrained Wireless Sensor Networks, especially for large networks, where the traffic loads exceed the available capacity of the resources . Sensor nodes are prone to failure and the misbehaviour of these faulty nodes creates further congestion. The resulting effect is a degradation in network performance, additional computation and increased energy consumption, which in turn decreases network lifetime. Hence, the data packet routing algorithm should consider congestion as one of the parameters, in addition to the role of the faulty nodes and not merely energy efficient protocols .Nowadays, the main central point of attraction is the concept of Swarm Intelligence based techniques integration in WSN.  Swarm Intelligence based Computational Swarm Intelligence Techniques have improvised WSN in terms of efficiency, Performance, robustness and scalability. The main objective of this research paper is to propose congestion aware , energy efficient, routing approach that utilizes Ant Colony Optimization, in which faulty nodes are isolated by means of the concept of trust further we compare the performance of various existing routing protocols like AODV, DSDV and DSR routing protocols, ACO Based Routing Protocol  with Trust Based Congestion aware ACO Based Routing in terms of End to End Delay, Packet Delivery Rate, Routing Overhead, Throughput and Energy Efficiency. Simulation based results and data analysis shows that overall TBC-ACO is 150% more efficient in terms of overall performance as compared to other existing routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks.

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