scholarly journals Networking Issues for 3D Medical Collaborative Virtual Environments: Design and Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Paulo V. F. Paiva ◽  
Liliane dos S. Machado ◽  
Jauvane C. de Oliveira ◽  
Ronei M. de Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environments ◽  
Multicast Protocol ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Real Time Applications ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Network Scalability

Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs) are Virtual Reality (VR) systems and can simulate medical procedures such as surgeries performed by a group of remote users which can interact with one another through the simulation in real-time, with the aid of a network such as the Internet.Therefore, it is important to note that research on CVE-specific networking issues allows us to better understand the requirements for real-time applications. This paper discloses design and implementation issues of a peer-to-peer multicast architecture on the collaborative module of theCyberMed VR framework, aiming at providing better network scalability, as well as it shows as results, some developed applications as validation. Finally, we compared the performance of the newly implemented peer-to-peer multicast architecture with the peer-to-peer unicast previously existent with simulated models designed with OPNET Network Modeler and R statistical software. As result of our experiments, the null hypothesis was rejected (p = 2.2e-16, level of significance = 5%) confirming what we expected about the behavior of CyberMed’s multicast protocol.

scholarly journals Editors’ Note

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alberto Raposo ◽  
Cléber Corrêa
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Conference Program ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environments ◽  
Computing Systems

It is our pleasure to introduce you the second issue of JIS in 2017. This issue contains six papers of the Special Issue of the 15th Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC 2016). As we have been doing since IHC 2014, the best papers of the conference are invited to submit extended versions to a special issue of JIS, guest edited by the conference program chairs. In the current publication, our guest editors are Profs. Carla Leitão, from Pontifícia Universidade Católica - Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), and Luciana Salgado, from Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), who we thank a lot for the dedication in the preparation of this issue. We invited you to read their editorial in the following.We also have in this issue an original paper by Paulo Paiva, Liliane Machado, Jauvane de Oliveira, and Ronei de Moraes, entitled “Networking Issues for 3D Medical Collaborative Virtual Environments: Design and Applications”. The authors discuss specific networking issues for Collaborative Virtual Environments (CVEs) applied to the simulation of medical procedures. They designed, developed, and validated a peer-to-peer multicast architecture on the collaborative module of the CyberMed Virtual Reality framework, aiming at providing better network scalability.Finally, we would like to thank the authors and reviewers that contributed to JIS. At the end of the issue we acknowledge the reviewers that contributed to JIS in 2015, 2016, and 2017.JIS Editorial Board is looking forward to receiving your contributions. We hope you enjoy reading this issue!

The Use of Avatars and Virtual Worlds for Learning

2011 ◽  
pp. 234-261
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environments

Virtual environments (VEs) can be immersive (IVE) or collaborative (CVE). Networked collaborative virtual environments (NCVEs) connect participants in real time via a network. Each type of VE presents opportunities to use different combinations of technologies to design engaging learning experiences, especially using avatars. Avatars are used as forms of self-representation for students as well as instructors. Anonymity enables users to alter their identities and interact in new ways through transformed social interactions. Advancements in technology continue to humanize avatars, thus changing their role in the VE and also changing the role of the instructor.

The Effect of Behavioral Realism and Form Realism of Real-Time Avatar Faces on Verbal Disclosure, Nonverbal Disclosure, Emotion Recognition, and Copresence in Dyadic Interaction

2006 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy N Bailenson ◽  
Nick Yee ◽  
Dan Merget ◽  
Ralph Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Face Tracking ◽  
Dyadic Interaction ◽  
Collaborative Virtual Environments ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
High Form ◽  
Tracking Technology

The realism of avatars in terms of behavior and form is critical to the development of collaborative virtual environments. In the study we utilized state of the art, real-time face tracking technology to track and render facial expressions unobtrusively in a desktop CVE. Participants in dyads interacted with each other via either a video-conference (high behavioral realism and high form realism), voice only (low behavioral realism and low form realism), or an “emotibox” that rendered the dimensions of facial expressions abstractly in terms of color, shape, and orientation on a rectangular polygon (high behavioral realism and low form realism). Verbal and non-verbal self-disclosure were lowest in the videoconference condition while self-reported copresence and success of transmission and identification of emotions were lowest in the emotibox condition. Previous work demonstrates that avatar realism increases copresence while decreasing self-disclosure. We discuss the possibility of a hybrid realism solution that maintains high copresence without lowering self-disclosure, and the benefits of such an avatar on applications such as distance learning and therapy.

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