Morphology of Intersectionality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaunesey Clemmons
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Single Individual ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Death Event ◽  
Ancestry Estimation ◽  
Origin Identity

Forensic anthropologists operate within a medico-legal context, performing analyses to estimate a biological profile (ancestry, age, sex, stature) and make observations on trauma, pathological conditions, taphonomy, and other anomalies evident in skeletal remains. These findings are reported to the appropriate requesting agency to narrow down the possible identity of the unknown individual and to understand the death event. Boundaries of identity and the terminology used to describe and explain identity are dynamic and intersectional. Ancestry estimation is important because there is a bridge between ancestral categories and sociocultural labels. Yet, a lack of agreement between ancestry estimates and social identifiers exists for certain groups. To better understand why this disagreement exists, a three-component concept (bio-origin identity, public ancestral-racial identity, and self ancestral-racial identity) modeled after sociological frameworks is employed. This article explores the identity of a single individual within the study sample using the three-component concept. Results highlight that discordance exists between the identity approximated by ancestry estimation and the application of this identity to the sociocultural context. Understanding the importance of the intersectional nature of the terminology used in instances of forensic identification is imperative so as to not hinder identifications and marginalize groups.

scholarly journals Hubungan panjang telapak kaki dengan tinggi badan untuk identifikasi forensik

e-CliniC ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinov Tomuka ◽  
James Siwu ◽  
Johannis F. Mallo
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Foot Length ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract: Forensic identification is a method to provide assistance for investigators in personal identification which is very important in court. Forensic anthropology is a branch of physical anthropology that assists medical forensic practice by focusing on individual biological profile asessment and reconstruction by using anthropometry. Body height is a parameter of human growth and health. In forensic anthropology, height is also a main biological profile in identification. Foot length can be used to determine body height since there is a correlation between these two biological profiles. This study aimed to obtain the relationship between foot length and body height. This was a quantitative analytical study. Subjects were students of batch 2012 of Faculty of Medicine, University of Sam Ratulangi Manado, aged >21 years. The results showed that there was a positive correlation (r= 0.539) with a probablity value of 0.000. Conclusion: There was a significant positive correlation between foot length and height. Keywords: forensic identification, forensic anthropology, anthropometry Abstrak: Identifikasi forensik merupakan upaya yang bertujuan membantu penyidik dalam menentukan identitas seseorang yang sangat penting dalam peradilan. Sebagai salah satu cabang antropologi khususnya antropologi ragawi, peran antropologi forensik didasarkan pada kemampuan pemeriksaan antropologis untuk menilai dan merekonstruksi gambaran biologis individu manusia; salah satu cara identifikasi ialah dengan antropometri. Tinggi badan merupakan suatu parameter dari pertumbuhan dan kesehatan manusia. Tinggi badan juga merupakan salah satu ciri utama untuk proses indentifikasi. Bagian tubuh yang dapat menunjang pengukuran tinggi badan yaitu panjang telapak kaki karena tinggi badan dan panjang telapak kaki mempunyai hubungan yang berbanding lurus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara panjang telapak kaki dan tinggi badan. Jenis penelitian ini kuantitatif analitik. Subyek penelitian ialah mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado angkatan 2012 yang berusia >21 tahun. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Manado pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2015. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan korelasi positif antara kedua variabel dengan nilai koefisien r = 0,539 yang menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel berhubungan positif. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antar kedua variabel penelitian dengan nilai P = 0,000. Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan positif bermakna antara panjang telapak kaki dan tingggi badan.Kata kunci: identifikasi forensik, antropologi forensik, antropometri

scholarly journals Analyzing Trafficking in Person in Religious and Cultural Context: Pakistan Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-65
Author(s):  
Naseem Razi ◽  
Ghulam Abbas ◽  
Rashida Zahoor
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
The South ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Modern Day Slavery

The modern world has declared trafficking in person as modern day slavery while Pakistan is considered as a major contributor to the rise of human trafficking in the South Asia. In this context, this research aims to evaluate the issue in the light of the Qur’an, Sunnah (pbuh) and sociocultural context of Pakistan. This study argues that Islam is the only religion which showed its greatest concerns towards the issues of trafficked persons. It also aims to recognize the efforts of the modern world to overcome the issue. This study, however, concludes that despite much legislation nationally and internationally, the issue could not be resolved and is going to worsen every day. All this, thus, demands an overhauling of the prevailing sociocultural and legal context. It recommends Renaissance of the ethics of Islam and the policies of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and Hadrat Umar to overcome the evils of trafficking in person in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Dental Evidence in Forensic Identification – An Overview, Methodology and Present Status

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewal Krishan ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan ◽  
Arun K Garg
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Disaster Victim Identification ◽  
Dental Identification ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Unique Identity ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Mass Murders

Forensic odontology is primarily concerned with the use of teeth and oral structures for identification in a legal context. Various forensic odontology techniques help in the identification of the human remains in incidents such as terrorists’ attacks, airplane, train and road accidents, fires, mass murders, and natural disasters such as tsunamis, earth quakes and floods, etc. (Disaster Victim Identification-DVI). Dental structures are the hardest and well protected structures in the body. These structures resist decomposition and high temperatures and are among the last ones to disintegrate after death. The principal basis of the dental identification lies in the fact that no two oral cavities are alike and the teeth are unique to an individual. The dental evidence of the deceased recovered from the scene of crime/occurrence is compared with the ante-mortem records for identification. Dental features such as tooth morphology, variations in shape and size, restorations, pathologies, missing tooth, wear patterns, crowding of the teeth, colour and position of the tooth, rotations and other peculiar dental anomalies give every individual a unique identity. In absence of ante-mortem dental records for comparison, the teeth can help in the determination of age, sex, race/ethnicity, habits, occupations, etc. which can give further clues regarding the identity of the individuals. This piece of writing gives an overview of dental evidence, its use in forensic identification and its limitations.

scholarly journals Age Estimation with Smartphone: Is It Reliable for Forensics Identification?

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Mieke Sylvia Margaretha Amiatun Ruth ◽  
Novita ◽  
Levina Gita ◽  
Arofi Kurniawan ◽  
Haryono Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Age Estimation ◽  
Personal Identification ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Human Face ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Age Progression ◽  
Pollution Research ◽  
Technology Age ◽  
Profile Reconstruction ◽  
Research Cost

Age estimation is one of the important components in forensic science used for personal identification, biological profile reconstruction, and help narrowing the search possibilities. Age estimation can be done by various methods and biological evidence, such as the human face. The human face is one of biometrics that provides a variety of information.  The purpose of this article is to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of age estimation with face using smartphone for forensic identification based on previous studies and experiences. Age estimation by face is based on age progression that causes attrition and degeneration on soft tissue. With the development of technology, age estimation by face can be done with applications or websites on smartphone. In general, the utilization of smartphone can reduce waste, pollution, research cost and easier to save and share. A lot of applications have been developed and free to download. Unfortunately, the accuracy of its results is unknown. In conclusion, the applications for age estimation on smartphone give quiet good results and can be used as a supporting tool to estimate age in forensic identification.  

scholarly journals 3D Evaluation of Maxillary Sinus Using Computed Tomography: A Sexual Dimorphic Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balaji Babu Bangi ◽  
Uday Ginjupally ◽  
Lakshmi Kavitha Nadendla ◽  
Bhavana Vadla
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Gender Determination ◽  
Excellent Method ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
3D Evaluation ◽  
Maxillary Sinuses

Purpose. Gender determination is considered to be an important step in the reconstruction of the biological profile in forensic medicine. Maxillary sinus can be used for identification of sex when other methods are indecisive. Computed tomography (CT) provides an excellent method for examining maxillary sinuses. Hence the aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of gender determination using maxillary sinus with CT. Materials and Methods. CT images were used to measure the mediolateral, superoinferior, and anteroposterior dimensions and the volume of the maxillary sinuses in 100 patients (50 males and 50 females) to determine the gender of an individual for forensic identification. Discriminative analysis was done using the values derived and the t-test for independent samples was used to compare these values in males and females. Results. The accuracy rate was found to be 84% in males and 92% in females with the mean accuracy of 88%. Conclusion. Our study concludes that gender determination can be done using measurements of maxillary sinus through CT when other methods are unavailable. The prediction rate can be increased by including volume of the maxillary sinus.

scholarly journals Estimation of Stature from Tibia Length for Romanian Adult Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11962
Author(s):  
Madalina Maria Diac ◽  
Tatiana Iov ◽  
Simona Irina Damian ◽  
Anton Knieling ◽  
Nona Girlescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Forensic Identification ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Biological Profile ◽  
Stature Estimation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tibia Length

The estimation of stature from bones plays an important role in identifying unknown bodies, body parts, or skeletal remains, as it is an important component of the biological profile in forensic identification. The objective of this study is to enhance the development of forensic anthropology in Romania by creating a new regression formula for stature estimation. This can be accomplished from the length of the tibia, taking into account sex and age, for the Romanian adult population. A total of 137 cases from a delimited territory of Romania were included in the study. The length of the tibia and the stature of the individuals were measured before autopsy. Statistical analysis was carried using (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) SPSS 23. Tibia length showed a high correlation with stature for males, females, and the total sample. Four regression formulae were created for stature estimation of Romanian males, females, and unknown sex. The results of the analysis are impressive and have a good applicability in a forensic anthropological context. The data used in this paper provide reliable results with a large applicability in the future for estimating stature from the tibia length for the Romanian adult population.

Morphological and elemental analysis of isolated incubated frog retina-choroid

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa-Warren ◽  
J. B. Warren ◽  
H. W. Kraner
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Frog Retina ◽  
Isolated Retina ◽  
Vertebrate Eye ◽  
Retina Pigment Epithelium

Our previous studies have demonstrated that abnormally high amounts of calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) can be accumulated in human retina-choroid under pathological conditions and that barium (Ba), which was not detected in the eyes of healthy individuals, is deposited in the retina pigment epithelium (RPE), and to a lesser extent in the sensory retina and iris. In an attempt to understand how these cations can be accumulated in the vertebrate eye, a morphological and microanalytical study of the uptake and loss of specific cations (K, Ca,Ba,Zn) was undertaken with incubated Rana catesbiana isolated retina and RPE preparations. Large frogs (650-800 gms) were dark adapted, guillotined and their eyes enucleated in deep ruby light. The eyes were hemisected behind the ora serrata and the anterior portion of the eye removed. The eyecup was bisected along the plane of the optic disc and the two segments of retina peeled away from the RPE and incubated.

An Ultrastructural Study of the Proliferation Patterns of the Reserve Cells of the Human Cervix Uteri

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Takanori Sohda ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
Goro Asano ◽  
Katsunari Fukushi ◽  
Katsuya Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Human Cervix ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Recently, the functional aspect as well as morphological aspect of the reserve cells in the cervix uteri drew much attention in view of the carcinogenesis in squamocolumunar junction. In this communication, the authors elucidate the ultrastructural features of the reserve cells in patients of various age groups visiting our university hospital and affiliated hospital.From conventional light microscopic point of view, the reserve cells tend to be pronounced in various pathological conditions, such as the persisting inflammation, proliferative disorders and irritation of hormones. The morphological patterns of the reserve cells from various stage and degree of irritation were observed.

Surface Ultrastructure of Human Ectocervix in Certain Pathological Conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
S. Mukherjee ◽  
T. Guha ◽  
B. Chakrabarti ◽  
P. Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Columnar Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

The cervix is an important organ in reproduction. Its malfunction is frequently a factor for infertility. Ectocervix region does not appear to have received much attention although many studies have been reported on the endocervix. We report here our SEM observations on ectocervix in certain pathological conditions compared to normal ectocervix.Ectocervix specimens from human females with specific pathological disorders were processed for Scanning Electron Microscopy by conventional method and they were examined in a Philips SEM.The normal ectocervix is lined by flat layer of squamous epithelial cells with microridges (Fig. 1). These cells are known to be formed from columnar cells through metaplastic transformation. The cells of carcinoma-bearing ectocervix show a disorganised appearance (Fig. 2). In non-malignant tumour surface some cuboidal and few columnar cells were seen (Fig. 3). A cyst appears like an overgrowth on the surface of the squamous epithelium (Fig. 4). In ulcerated ectocervix a marked reduction of epithelial cells are observed (Fig. 5); the cells are devoid of microridges and, the large polygonal cells, as observed in normal tissues, have somehow acquired comparatively small hexagonal shape

Multicultural Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the United States: Still Art, Not Yet Science, and Controversial

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Dana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Multicultural Assessment ◽  
Personality Description

This paper describes the status of multicultural assessment training, research, and practice in the United States. Racism, politicization of issues, and demands for equity in assessment of psychopathology and personality description have created a climate of controversy. Some sources of bias provide an introduction to major assessment issues including service delivery, moderator variables, modifications of standard tests, development of culture-specific tests, personality theory and cultural/racial identity description, cultural formulations for psychiatric diagnosis, and use of findings, particularly in therapeutic assessment. An assessment-intervention model summarizes this paper and suggests dimensions that compel practitioners to ask questions meriting research attention and providing avenues for developments of culturally competent practice.

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