Trends in the Siberian Jay, Perisoreus infaustus, Populations in Southern Norway in Relation to Forestry, Climate Change and other Corvid Species

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 263-280
Author(s):  
Svein Dale ◽  
Kristoffer Bøhn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Perisoreus Infaustus

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Precipitation on Breeding Migrations of Amphibian Species in Southeastern Norway

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Børre K. Dervo ◽  
Kim Magnus Bærum ◽  
Jostein Skurdal ◽  
Jon Museth
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
General Context ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Migration Phenology ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Southern Norway

To reveal the effects of climate, a generalized linear mixed model was used to explore the variation in onset of spawning migration for the two newt speciesT. cristatusandL. vulgarisin southern Norway. Amphibians are highly influenced by the physical environment, such as temperature and rainfall. The first migrating newts were observed subsequently to the three first consecutive days with mean temperature close to or above 4°C. Further, migration ofL. vulgariswas facilitated at lower temperatures compared toT. cristatus, but the migration was dependent on higher precipitation levels. Northern populations ofT. cristatusandL. vulgarismay already benefit from a warmer climate due to increased recruitment and juvenile survival. However, an offset in the migration phenology due to climate change might further alter the recruitment and survival rates with either positive or negative outcome. Thus, variations in migration phenology for newts due to climate change may have implications for management and protection status in many systems. In a general context, we should increase emphasis on protecting newts and support increased populations and distribution.

Calciphile alpine vegetation in Southern Norway: importance of snow and possible effects of climate change

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 207-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Reinhardt ◽  
Arvid Odland ◽  
Arne Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Alpine Vegetation ◽  
Southern Norway

scholarly journals Climate change threatens archaeologically significant ice patches: insights into their age, internal structure, mass balance and climate sensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rune Strand Ødegård ◽  
Atle Nesje ◽  
Ketil Isaksen ◽  
Liss Marie Andreassen ◽  
Trond Eiken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Carbonaceous Aerosols ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
Mesolithic Period

Abstract. Despite numerous spectacular archaeological discoveries worldwide related to melting ice patches and the emerging field of glacial archaeology, governing processes related to ice patch development during the Holocene and their sensitivity to climate change are still largely unexplored. Here we present new results from an extensive 6-year (2009–2015) field experiment at the Juvfonne ice patch in Jotunheimen in central southern Norway. Our results show that the ice patch has existed continuously since the late Mesolithic period. Organic-rich layers and carbonaceous aerosols embedded in clear ice show ages spanning from modern at the surface to ca. 7600 cal years BP at the bottom. This is the oldest dating of ice in mainland Norway. The expanding ice patch covered moss mats appearing along the margin of Juvfonne about 2000 years ago. During the study period, the mass balance record showed a strong negative balance, and the annual balance is highly asymmetric over short distances. Snow accumulation is poorly correlated with estimated winter precipitation, and single storm events may contribute significantly to the total winter balance. Snow accumulation is approx. 20 % higher in the frontal area compared to the upper central part of the ice patch. There is sufficient meltwater to bring the permeable snowpack to an isothermal state within a few weeks in early summer. Below the seasonal snowpack, ice temperatures are between −2 and −4 °C. Juvfonne has clear ice stratification of isochronic origin.

scholarly journals Climate change effects on hydrometeorological compound events over southern Norway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Poschlod ◽  
Jakob Zscheischler ◽  
Jana Sillmann ◽  
Raul R. Wood ◽  
Ralf Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Saturated Soil ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Occurrence Probability ◽  
Compound Event ◽  
Compound Events ◽  
Southern Norway ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Joint Occurrence

<p>Compound events are characterized as a combination of multiple drivers and/or hazards which contributes to societal, economical or environmental risk. In southern Norway, hydrometeorological compound events can trigger severe floods, for instance the joint occurrence of rainfall and snowmelt in south-eastern Norway in 1995 and 2013.  </p><p>Due to this high impact, the investigation of compound events is important, but is hampered by some limiting factors. The multivariate character and the associated very rare occurrence of these events require a large database in order to conduct statistically robust investigations, whereas the available meteorological observations are too scarce in space and time.<br>With this current study, we present a quantile-based framework to define and examine compound events within a single model initial condition large ensemble (SMILE). To overcome the limitation of data scarcity, we use 50 high-resolution climate simulations from the SMILE CRCM5-LE to investigate two hydrometeorological compound event types in southern Norway:</p><p>(1) Heavy rainfall on saturated soil during the summer months (June, July, August, September),</p><p>(2) Concurrent heavy rainfall and snowmelt (also often referred to as rain-on-snow).</p><p>Furthermore, the application of climate model data enables us to quantify the impact of climate change on the frequency and spatial distribution of both types of compound events. Thereby, we compare current climate conditions (1980-2009) with future conditions (2070-2099) under the high-emission scenario RCP 8.5. We find that the frequency of heavy rainfall on saturated soil increases by 38% until 2070-2099 on average. In contrast, the occurrence probability of rain-on-snow is projected to decrease by 48% over the whole study area, largely driven by decreases in snowfall. The spatial patterns of both events are found to shift. Additionally, we assess the range of the natural variability of the drivers and of the compound event probability within the 50 members of the CRCM5-LE. The univariate spread of the meteorological drivers is found to be relatively small, whereas the occurrence probability of both compound events shows a high inter-member variability. Hence, we conclude that the frequency of the joint occurrence of the contributing drivers is highly variable, which is why a SMILE is needed to assess this probability.</p><p>Our current work shows the limitations of regional climate models, stressing the need for even higher-resolution setups to resolve the complex topography of Norway. However, it also highlights the benefits of SMILE simulations for the analysis of compound events.</p>

scholarly journals Climate change effects on hydrometeorological compound events over southern Norway

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 100253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Poschlod ◽  
Jakob Zscheischler ◽  
Jana Sillmann ◽  
Raul R. Wood ◽  
Ralf Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Compound Events ◽  
Southern Norway

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Millington ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Jonathan R. Moore ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Intraspecies Competition ◽  
High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

Climate change and breeding success: decline of the capercaillie in Scotland

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Moss ◽  
James Oswald ◽  
David Baines
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breeding Success
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