Local Adaptation of an Insect Herbivore to a Heavy Metal Contaminated Environment

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapio van Ooik ◽  
Markus J. Rantala
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Insect Herbivore

ECOLOGICAL COSTS ON LOCAL ADAPTATION OF AN INSECT HERBIVORE IMPOSED BY HOST PLANTS AND ENEMIES

Ecology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1388-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Zovi ◽  
Michael Stastny ◽  
Andrea Battisti ◽  
Stig Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Insect Herbivore

Spatiotemporal variation in local adaptation of a specialist insect herbivore to its long-lived host plant

Evolution ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 2110-2122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aino Kalske ◽  
Roosa Leimu ◽  
J. F. Scheepens ◽  
Pia Mutikainen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variation ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Specialist Insect

Testing for prerequisites of local adaptation in an insect herbivore,Epirrita autumnata

Ecoscience ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conchita Alonso ◽  
Kai Ruohomäki ◽  
Marianna Riipi ◽  
Janne Henriksson
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Epirrita Autumnata

scholarly journals Incipient local adaptation in a fungus: evolution of heavy metal tolerance through allelic and copy-number variation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Bazzicalupo ◽  
Joske Ruytinx ◽  
Yi-Hong Ke ◽  
Laura Coninx ◽  
Jan V. Colpaert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Copy Number Variation ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Suillus Luteus ◽  
Multiple Alleles ◽  
Number Variation

AbstractHuman-altered environments can shape the evolution of organisms. Fungi are no exception, though little is known about how they withstand anthropogenic pollution. Here, we document incipient polygenic local adaptation in the mycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus driven by recent soil heavy metal contamination. Genome scans across individuals from recently polluted and nearby unpolluted soils in Belgium revealed no evidence of population structure but detected allelic divergence and gene copy number variation in genes involved in metal exclusion, storage, immobilization, and reactive oxygen species detoxification. Standing genetic variation included multiple alleles of small effects contributing to heavy metal tolerance, suggesting the existence of different strategies to withstand contamination. These variants were shared across the whole population but under selection in isolates exposed to pollution. Together, our results point to S. luteus undergoing the initial steps of adaptive divergence and contribute to understanding the processes underlying local adaptation under strong environmental selection.

Complementary Z-Contrast Imaging and Digital Image Processing

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 304-305
Author(s):  
K. N. Colonna ◽  
G. Oliphant
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Digital Image Processing ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Biological Imaging ◽  
Tissue Preparation ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Z Contrast

Harmonious use of Z-contrast imaging and digital image processing as an analytical imaging tool was developed and demonstrated in studying the elemental constitution of human and maturing rabbit spermatozoa. Due to its analog origin (Fig. 1), the Z-contrast image offers information unique to the science of biological imaging. Despite the information and distinct advantages it offers, the potential of Z-contrast imaging is extremely limited without the application of techniques of digital image processing. For the first time in biological imaging, this study demonstrates the tremendous potential involved in the complementary use of Z-contrast imaging and digital image processing.Imaging in the Z-contrast mode is powerful for three distinct reasons, the first of which involves tissue preparation. It affords biologists the opportunity to visualize biological tissue without the use of heavy metal fixatives and stains. For years biologists have used heavy metal components to compensate for the limited electron scattering properties of biological tissue.

Recent Progress In High-Resolution Shadowing For Biological Transmission Electron Microscopy

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 510-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heinz Gross ◽  
Katarina Krusche ◽  
Peter Tittmann
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Vacuum Equipment ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Residual Gas ◽  
Backing Layer

Freeze-drying followed by heavy metal shadowing is a long established and straight forward approach to routinely study the structure of dehydrated macromolecules. Very thin specimens such as isolated membranes or single macromolecules are directly adsorbed on C-coated grids. After rapid freezing the grids are transferred into a suitable vacuum equipment for freeze-drying and heavy metal shadowing.To improve the resolution power of shadowing films we introduced shadowing at very low specimen temperature (−250°C). To routinely do that without the danger of contamination we developed in collaboration with Balzers an UHV (p≤10-9 mbar) machine (BAF500K, Fig.2). It should be mentioned here that at −250°C the specimen surface acts as effective cryopump for practically all impinging residual gas molecules from the residual gas atmosphere.Common high resolution shadowing films (Pt/C, Ta/W) have to be protected from alterations due to air contact by a relatively thick C-backing layer, when transferred via atmospheric conditions into the TEM. Such an additional C-coat contributes disturbingly to the contrast at high resolution.

Heavy Metal Tales

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
WILLIAM G. WILKOFF
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal
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